学年《大学英语I》寒假作业.docx

学年《大学英语I》寒假作业.docx

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学年《大学英语I》寒假作业

2011-2012学年《大学英语I》寒假作业

班级：

姓名：

学号：

PartIReadingComprehension

Passage1

Thereisapopularbeliefamongparentsthatschoolsarenolongerinterestedinspelling.NoschoolIhavetaughtinhaseverignoredspellingorconsidereditunimportantasabasicskill.Thereare,however,vastlydifferentideasabouthowtoteachit,orhowmuchpriority（优先）itmustbegivenovergenerallanguagedevelopmentandwritingability.Theproblemis,howtoencourageachildtoexpresshimselffreelyandconfidentlyinwritingwithoutholdinghimbackwiththecomplexitiesofspelling?

Ifspellingbecomestheonlyfocalpointofhisteacher’sinterest,clearlyabrightchildwillbelikelyto“playsafe”.Hewilltendtowriteonlywordswithinhisspellingrange,choosingtoavoidadventurouslanguage.That’swhyteachersoftenencouragetheearlyuseofdictionariesandpayattentiontocontentratherthantechnicalability.

Iwasonceshockedtoreadonthebottomofasensitivepieceofwritingaboutapersonalexperience:

“Thisworkisterrible!

Therearefartoomanyspellingerrorsandyourwritingisillegible（难以辨认）.”Itmayhavebeenasharpcriticismofthepupil’stechnicalabilitiesinwriting,butitwasalsoasadreflectionontheteacherwhohadomittedtoreadtheessay,whichcontainedsomebeautifulexpressionsofthechild’sdeepfeelings.Theteacherwasnotwrongtodrawattentiontotheerrors,butifhisprioritieshadcenteredonthechild’sideas,anexpressionofhisdisappointmentwiththepresentationwouldhavegiventhepupilmoremotivationtoseekimprovement.

Notes:

1.Teachersdifferintheiropinionsabout________.

A）thedifficultiesinteachingspelling

B）theroleofspellingingenerallanguagedevelopment

C）thecomplexitiesofthebasicwritingskills

D）thenecessityofteachingspelling

2.Theexpression“playsafe”probablymeans________.

A）towritecarefullyB）todoasteacherssay

C）tousedictionariesfrequentlyD）toavoidusingwordsoneisnotsureof

3.Teachersencouragetheuseofdictionariessothat________.

A）studentswillbeabletoexpresstheirideasmorefreely

B）teacherswillhavelesstroubleincorrectingmistakes

C）studentswillhavemoreconfidenceinwriting

D）studentswilllearntobeindependentofteachers

4.Thewriterseemstothinkthattheteacher’sjudgmentonthatsensitivepieceofwritingis________.

A）reasonableB）unfairC）foolishD）careless

5.Themajorpointdiscussedinthepassageis________.

A）theimportanceofdevelopingwritingskills

B）thecomplexitiesofspelling

C）thecorrectwayofmakingcompositions

D）therelationshipbetweenspellingandthecontentofacomposition

Passage2

Abreakthrough（突破）intheprovisionofenergyfromthesunfortheEuropeanEconomicCommunity（EEC）couldbebroughtforwardbyuptotwodecades,ifamodestincreasecouldbeprovidedintheEEC’sresearcheffortinthisfield,accordingtotheseniorEECscientistsengagedinexperimentsinsolarenergyatEEC’sscientificlaboratoriesatIspra,nearMilan.

TheseniorWestGermanscientistinchargeoftheCommunity’ssolarenergyprogram,Mr.JoachimGretz,toldjournaliststhatatpresentlevelsofresearchspendingitwasmostunlikelythatsolarenergywouldprovideasmuchasthreepercentoftheCommunity’senergyrequirementsevenaftertheyear2000.Buthesaidthatwithamodestincreaseinthepresentsums,devotedbytheEECtothisworkitwaspossiblethatthebreakthroughcouldbeachievedbytheendofthenextdecade.

Mr.GretzcalculatesthatifsolarenergyonlyprovidedthreepercentoftheEEC’sneeds,thiscouldstillproduceasavingofaboutabillionpoundsinthepresentbillforimportedenergyeachyear.AndhebelievesthatwiththepossibilityofutilizingmoreadvancedtechnologyinthisfielditmightbepossibletosatisfyamuchbiggershareoftheCommunity’sfutureenergyneeds.

AtpresenttheEECspendsabout$2.6millionsayearonsolarresearchatIspra,oneoftheEEC’sofficialjointresearchcenters,andanother$3millionsayearinindirectresearchwithuniversitiesandotherindependentbodies.

Notes:

1.Thephrase“bebroughtforward”（Line2,Para.1）mostprobablymeans________.

A）beexpectedB）becompletedC）beadvancedD）beintroduced

2.Somescientistsbelievethatabreakthroughintheuseofsolarenergydependson________.

A）sufficientfundingB）furtherexperiments

C）advancedtechnologyD）well-equippedlaboratories

3.AccordingtoMr.Gretz,thepresentsumofmoneywillenablethescientiststoprovide________.

A）morethan3%oftheEEC’sneedsaftertheyear2000

B）only3%oftheEEC’sneedsbeforetheyear2000

C）lessthan3%oftheEEC’sneedsbeforetheyear2000

D）3%oftheEEC’sneedsaftertheyear2000

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

A）TheEECspendsonebillionpoundsonimportedenergyeachyear.

B）Atthepresentlevelofresearchspending,itisdifficulttomakeanysignificantprogressintheprovisionofenergyfromthesun.

C）Thedesiredbreakthroughcouldbeobtainedbytheendofthenextdecadeifinvestmentwereincreased.

D）ThetotalyearlyspendingoftheEEConsolarenergyresearchamountedtoalmost6million.

5.Theapplicationofadvancedtechnologytoresearchinsolarenergy________.

A）wouldleadtoabigincreaseinresearchfunding

B）wouldmakeitunnecessarytoimportoil

C）wouldmakeitpossibletomeetthefutureenergyneedsoftheEEC

D）wouldprovideamuchgreaterproportionoftheCommunity’sfutureenergyneeds

Passage3

Justsevenyearsago,theJarvik-7artificialheartwasbeingcheeredasthemodelofhumancreativeness.ThesightofBarneyClark-aliveandconsciousaftertradinghisdiseasedheartforametal-and-plasticpump-convincedthepress,thepublicandmany

Notes:

doctorsthatthefuturehadarrived.Ithadn’t.AftermonitoringproductionoftheJarvik-7,andreviewingitseffectsonthe150orsopatients（mostofwhomgotthedeviceasatemporarymeasure）theU.S.FoodandDrugAdministrationconcludedthatthemachinewasdoingmoretoendangerlivesthantosavethem.Lastweektheagencycancelleditsearlierapproval,effectivelybanning（禁止）thedevice.

TherecallmayhurtSymbionInc.,makeroftheJarvik-7,butitwon’tendtherequestforanartificialheart.Oneproblemwiththebannedmodeisthatthetubesconnectingittoanexternalpowersourcecreatedapassageforinfection.Inventorsarenowworkingonnewdevicesthatwouldbefullyplaced,alongwithatinypowerpack,inthepatient’schest.Thefirstsampleproductsaren’texpectedforanother10or20years.Butsomepeoplearealreadyworryingthatthey’llwork—andthatAmerica’soverextendedhealth—careprogramswillloseaprecious$2.5billionto$5billionayearprovidingthemforarelativelyfewdyingpatients.Ifsuchexpenditures（开支）cutintofundingformorebasiccare,theneteffectcouldactuallybeadeclineinthenation’shealth.

1.Accordingtothepassage,theJarvik-7artificialheartprovedtobe________.

A）atechnicalfailureB）atechnicalwonder

C）agoodlife-saverD）aneffectivemeanstotreatheartdisease

2.FromthepassageweknowthatSymbionInc.________.

A）hasbeenbannedbythegovernmentfromproducingartificialhearts

B）willreviewtheeffectsofartificialheartsbeforedesigningnewmodels

C）maycontinuetoworkonnewmodelsofreliableartificialhearts

D）canmakenewmodelsofartificialheartsavailableonthemarketin10to20years

3.Thenewmodelsofartificialheartsareexpected________.

A）tohaveaworkinglifeof10or20yearsB）tobesetfullyinthepatient’schest

C）tobeequippedwithanexternalpowersourceD）tocreateanewpassageforinfection

4.Theword“them”inLine7,Para.2refersto________.

A）doctorswhotreatheartdiseasesB）makersofartificialhearts

C）America’shealth-careprogramsD）newmodelsofartificialhearts

5.Somepeoplefeelthat________.

A）artificialheartsareseldomeffective

B）thecountryshouldnotspendsomuchmoneyonartificialhearts

C）thecountryisnotspendingenoughmoneyonartificialhearts

D）America’shealth-careprogramsarenotdoingenoughforthenation’shealth

Passage4

Signhasbecomeascientifichotbutton.Onlyinthepast20yearshavespecialistsinlanguagestudyrealizedthatsignedlanguagesareunique—aspeechofthehand.Theyofferanewwaytoprobehowthebraingeneratesandunderstandslanguage,andthrownewlightonanoldscientificcontroversywhetherlanguage,completewithgrammar,issomethingthatwearebornwith,orwhetheritisalearnedbehavior.ThecurrentinterestinsignlanguagehasrootsinthepioneeringworkofonerebelteacheratGallaudetUniversity

inWashingtonD.C.,theworld’sonlyliberalartsuniversityfordeafpeople.

WhenBillStokoewenttoGallaudettoteachEnglish,theschoolenrolledhiminacourseinsigning.ButStokoenoticedsomethingoddamongthemselves,studentssigneddifferentlyfromhisclassroomteacher.

Stokoehadbeentaughtasortofgesturecode,eachmovementofthehands

Notes:

representingawordinEnglish.Atthetime,AmericanSignLanguage（ASL）wasthoughttobenomorethanaformofpidginEnglish（混杂英语）.ButStokoebelievedthehandtalkhisstudentsusedlookedricher.HewonderedmightdeafpeopleactuallyhaveagenuinelanguageandcouldthatlanguagebeunlikeanyotheronEarth.Itwas1955,whenevendeafpeopledismissedtheirsigningassubstandard.Stokoe’sideawasacademicheresy（异端邪说）.

Itis37yearslater.Stokoe—nowde