高考英语一轮总复习 第一部分 教材知识梳理 Unit 20 New Frontiers练习 北师大版选修7doc.docx

高考英语一轮总复习 第一部分 教材知识梳理 Unit 20 New Frontiers练习 北师大版选修7doc.docx

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高考英语一轮总复习第一部分教材知识梳理Unit20NewFrontiers练习北师大版选修7doc

2019高考英语一轮总复习第一部分教材知识梳理Unit20NewFrontiers练习北师大版选修7

一、阅读理解（共8小题;每小题2分,满分16分）

A

Whereshouldanadventuroustouristgo?

Afteryou’vedonesightseeinginLondon,shoppinginNewYork,tastingthelocalfoodinParisanddancingtoyourheart’scontentattheBraziliancarnival,whereelsecanyougo?

Whatexotic（异国的）touristdestinationawaitsyou?

Well,Antarcticasoundsliketheholidayofalifetime!

It’sconsideredthelastgreatwildernessonEarth.Justafewscientistsinresearchstationssharetheicylandscapewithpenguinsandotheranimalswhichcancopewiththelowtemperatures.

TourismbeganinAntarcticainthe1950sandit’sstillsmallscale.About37,000touristsareexpectedtherethisseason,butmanywon’tevenleavetheboat.

TheBBC’sJulietRixvisitedthefrozencontinentandaskedherselfifsheshouldbethereatall,causingpotentialproblemstosuchasensitiveenvironment.Hertourguideadmittedthatallvisitorsleaveafootprintandtheyallgotothesameplaces,theaccessiblecoastline,whichisalsowherethepenguinsandsealsgotobreed.

Butsomepeoplebelievethatifcarefullycontrolled,tourismcanbegoodforAntarctica.Ithasnonativepopulationanditneedsadvocates.Visitorstotheicycontinentmightbereadytosupportandeventofunditspreservation.Andthey’relikelytoengageinthediscussionaboutglobalwarming,whichhasledtothemeltingofglaciers.

AccordingtoRix,guidelinesarefollowedwhenyou’reabouttosetfootinAntarcticaandtouristshavetodisinfect（消毒）theirbootstomakesurenoalienspeciesareintroduced.

Andonceonland,there’snoeatingorsmoking.Rocks,bonefragments—nothingshouldbetakenasasouvenirandnothingshouldbeleftbehind.TouristsfortunateenoughtovisittheAntarcticamustbeawarethatthisisnottheirhomeandkeeptheirfingerscrossedthatfuturegenerationswillalsobeabletoenjoysuchbreathtakingviews.

（2015·兰州模拟）

1.Accordingtothesecondparagraph,wecanlearnthat　　　　. 

A.Antarcticahasbecomethebestplaceforpeopletotravel

B.onlyscientistscanbeallowedtogotoAntarctica

C.Antarcticaislessaffectedbyhumanactivities

D.noanimalscansurviveinAntarcticaexceptpenguins

2.JulietRix’stravelinAntarcticamentionedinthefourthparagraphindicatesthat　　　　. 

A.governmentsshouldtakemeasurestostoptouristsfromgoingtoAntarctica

B.whethertouristsshouldgotoAntarcticaornotshouldbeconsideredcarefully

C.theanimals’habitatinAntarcticahasbeenseriouslyaffectedbytourism

D.onlyjournalistsbegintopayattentiontotheenvironmentalprotectioninAntarctica

3.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?

A.TouristscaneatandsmokeinAntarctica.

B.TouristscantakesomethingtheylikefromAntarctica.

C.Touristscanthrowawaysomethingtheydon’tneedinAntarctica.

D.TouristscanenjoythebeautifulsceneryinAntarctica.

4.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthispassage?

A.Whycan’ttouristsgotoAntarctica?

B.HowcantouristsgotoAntarctica?

C.ShouldtouristsgotoAntarctica?

D.AretouristsallowedtogotoAntarctica?

【文章大意】本文是议论文。

文章围绕是否应该去南极旅游这一话题进行了讨论,有的人认为赴南极旅游有助于提高人们对全球变暖问题的认识,有的人则认为南极旅游意义不大且会给南极环境带来负面影响。

1.C　推理判断题。

由第二段第二、三句“It’sconsideredthelastgreatwildernessonEarth.Justafewscientists...”和第三段第一句“...it’sstillsmallscale.”推断,南极洲为不毛之地、游客稀少,因而受人类活动的影响较小,故选C项。

2.B　推理判断题。

根据第四段第一句“...askedherselfifsheshouldbethereatall,causingpotentialproblemstosuchasensitiveenvironment.”可知,出于对环境的保护,人们是否应该去南极洲旅游,应该认真考虑一下。

3.D　推理判断题。

根据文章最后一句“...futuregenerationswillalsobeabletoenjoysuchbreathtakingviews.”可知,在南极洲可欣赏到令人激动的景色,D项与文意相符。

4.C　标题归纳题。

文章围绕应不应该去南极洲旅游这一话题进行讨论,C项最适合作标题。

B

Fishspeciesareexpectedtoshrinkinsizebyupto24%becauseofglobalwarming,sayscientists.

Thescientistsbelievethatglobalwarminghasagreateraffectonmarineecosystems（海洋生态系统）thanpreviouslythought.Previousresearchhassuggestedthatchangingoceantemperatureswouldaffectboththedistributionandthereproductiveabilitiesofmanyspeciesoffish.Thisnewworksuggeststhatfishsizewouldalsobeheavilyaffected.

Theresearchersbuiltamodeltoseehowfishwouldreacttolowerlevelsofoxygeninthewater.Theymodeledtheinfluenceofrisingtemperaturesonmorethan600speciesbetween2001and2050.Asoceantemperaturesincrease,sodothebodytemperaturesoffish.But,accordingtoDrWilliamCheung,fromtheUniversityofBritishColumbia,thelevelofoxygeninthewateristhekey.Warmerwaterscoulddecreaseoceanoxygenlevelsandsignificantlyreducefishbodyweight.Ontheotherhand,risingtemperaturesdirectlyincreasethemetabolicrate（新陈代谢率）ofthefish’sbodyfunction.Thisleadstoanincreaseinoxygendemandfornormalbodyactivities.Sothefishwillrunoutofoxygenforgrowthatasmallerbodysize.

Theresearchteamalsouseditsmodeltopredictfishmovementsasaresultofwarmingwaters.ThegroupbelievesthatmostfishpopulationswillmovetowardstheEarth’spolesatarateofupto36kmperdecade.

Takingboththemovementsandthephysiologicalaffectsofrisingtemperaturestogether,theresearchteamconcludedthatfishbodysizewouldshrinkbetween14%and24%,withthelargestdecreasesintheIndianandAtlanticoceans.

Whencomparedwithactualobservationsoffishsizes,themodelseemstounderestimatewhat’sactuallyhappeningintheseas.TheresearchersmadeactualstudiesonsomekindsoffisheslivingintheAtlanticOcean.Theyfoundthattherecordeddataonthesefishesshowedgreaterdecreasesinbodysizethanthemodelshadpredicted.

1.Whichofthefollowingcanbestfunctionasthetitleofthepassage?

A.Globalwarmingmayshrinkthefish

B.Globalwarmingcausesfishtomove

C.Oceantemperaturesaffectfishdistribution

D.Oceantemperaturesreducefishpopulation

2.Themostimportantfactorthataffectsfishsizeis　　　　. 

A.metabolicrateofthefishbody

B.thelevelofoxygenintheoceanwater

C.thenormalactivitiesoffishbody

D.higherpressureintheoceanwater

3.Accordingtothegroup,in20years,mostfishpopulationswillmoveabout　　　　. 

A.36kilometresB.70kilometres

C.48kilometresD.100kilometres

4.Theunderlinedword“underestimate”ismostclosestinmeaningto“　　　　”. 

A.calculatethevalueof

B.haveconfidencein

C.makeahighassessmentof

D.makealowerjudgmentof

【文章大意】本文是科普说明文。

科学家通过实验预测,受全球气候变暖的影响,未来鱼类的体型将会缩小24%。

1.A　主旨大意题。

文章介绍了科学家对600种鱼类进行电脑仿真模拟实验的情况。

再结合第一段可明显看出答案为A项。

2.B　细节理解题。

由第三段第四句中“thelevelofoxygeninthewateristhekey”以及第三段最后一句可知,海水含氧量的高低是影响鱼类体型大小的关键因素,故选B项。

3.B　数字计算题。

由第四段中的“mostfishpopulationswillmovetowardstheEarth’spolesatarateofupto36kmperdecade.”可计算出答案为B项。

4.D　词义推测题。

文章最后一句表明,研究人员对大西洋中的鱼类体型进行研究记录的真实数据,比模拟实验预测的数据要小得多,可见模拟实验低估了鱼类真实的体型缩小程度。

据此推断,underestimate应为“低估”之意。

二、语法填空（共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分）

Asallamazinginformationresource,theInternet1.　　　　（consider）oneofthemostpowerfultoolsthroughouttheworld.Students,teachers,andresearchersuseitas2.　　　　investigativetool.Journalistsuseittofindinformationforstories.Doctorsuseittolearnmoreaboutunfamiliardiseasesandthe3.　　　　（late）medicaldevelopment.Ordinarypeopleuseitforshopping,banking,bill-paying,andcommunicatingwithfamilyandfriends.Peopleallovertheworlduseittoconnectwithindividuals4.

arefromdifferentcountriesandcultures.However,5.

therearemanypositivedevelopments6.　　　　（associate）withtheInternet,therearealsocertainfearsandconcerns.Oneconcernrelatestoalackofcontrolover7.　　　　appearsontheInternet.Withtelevisionandradiothereare8.　　　　（edit）tochecktheaccuracyorappropriatenessofthecontentofprograms,andwithtelevisiontherearerestrictionsonwhatkindsofprogramscan9.　　　　（broadcast）andatwhattimesoftheday.WiththeInternet,parentscannotcheckapublishedguidetodeterminewhatissuitable10.　　　　theirchildrentosee. 

（2016·重庆南开中学月考）

1.isconsidered。

theInternet与consider之间为被动关系,且本文的主体时态为一般现在时,故填isconsidered。

2.an。

由上文中的“oneofthemostpowerfultools”可知,因特网只是众多调查工具中的一种,故此处用an表示泛指。

3.latest。

由the可知,此处应用最高级latest,意为“最新的,最近的”。

4.who/that。

定语从句的先行词为individuals,从句中缺少主语,应用who或that引导。

5.though/although/while。

虽然有很多与因特网有关的积极的方面,但也有一些令人担心和忧虑的事情。

前后句之间为让步关系,应填though,although或while。

6.associated。

beassociatedwith“与……有关,与……有关系”。

此处用过去分词形式作后置定语,修饰developments。

7.what。

句意:

其中一种担忧就是缺乏对网络上出现的内容进行监管。

over后的宾语从句中缺少主语,只能用what。

8.editors。

thereare之后缺少主语,且are为复数形式,故填editors。

9.bebroadcast（ed）。

programs与broadcast构成被动关系,应用bebroadcast或bebroadcasted。

10.for。

句意:

针对因特网,家长却找不到已公布的相关的指南,以确定哪些内容适合他们的孩子阅读。

besuitablefor“对……合适”。

PartB

一、完形填空（共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分）

Sharkshavelivedintheoceansforover450millionyears,longbeforedinosaursappeared.Therearenowabout360　1　ofsharks,whosesize,behavior,andothercharacteristicsdifferwidely. 

Everyyear,wecatchandkillover100millionsharks,　2　forfoodandfortheirfins.Driedsharkfinsareusedtomakesharkfinsoup,which　3　forasmuchas$50abowlinfineHongKong　4　.Othersharksarekilledforsportandoutoffear.Sharksarevulnerable（脆弱的）tooverfishingbecauseit　5　mostspecies10to15yearstobeginreproducingandthey　6　onlyafewyoungbabies. 

7　bymoviesandpopularnovels,mostpeopleseesharksaspeople-eatinganimals.Thisisfarfromthe　8　.Everyyear,afewtypesofsharkinjureabout100peopleworldwideandkillabout25.Most　9　arebygreatwhitesharks,whichoftenfeedonsealionsandothermarinemammals.Theysometimesmistakehumanswimmersfortheirnormalfood,　10　iftheyarewearingblackwetsuits.Ifyouareatypicalocean-goer,your　11　ofbeingkilledbyanunprovoked（无缘无故的）attackbyasharkareabout1in100million.Youaremore　12　tobekilledbyapigthanasha