英语六级真题打印卷一.docx
- 文档编号:11351413
- 上传时间:2023-02-28
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:10
- 大小:22.41KB
英语六级真题打印卷一.docx
《英语六级真题打印卷一.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《英语六级真题打印卷一.docx(10页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
英语六级真题打印卷一
PartⅢReadingComprehension
SectionA
Asitis,sleepissoundervaluedthatgettingbyonfewerhourshasbecomeabadgeofhonor.Plus,weliveinaculturethat_____(37)tothelate-nighter,from24-hourgrocerystorestoonlineshoppingsitesthatneverclose.It'snosurprise,then,thatmorethanhalfofAmericanadultsdon'tgetthe7to9hoursofshut-eyeeverynightas_____(38)bysleepexperts.
Whetherornotwecancatchuponsleep-ontheweekend,say-isahotly_____(39)topicamongsleepresearches.Thelatestevidencesuggeststhatwhileitisn't_____(40),itmighthelp.WhenLiu,theUCLAsleepresearcherandprofessorofmedicine,brought_____(41)sleep-restrictedpeopleintothelabforaweekendofsleepduringwhichtheyloggedabout10hourspernight,theyshowed_____(42)intheabilityofinsulin(胰岛素)toprocessbloodsugar.Thatsuggeststhatcatchupsleepmayundosomebutnotallofthedamagethatsleep_____(43)causes,whichisencouraginggivenhowmanyadultsdon'tgetthehourstheyneedeachnight.Still,Liuisn't_____(44)toendorsethehabitofsleepinglessandmakingupforitlater.
Sleepingpills,whilehelpfulforsome,arenot_____(45)aneffectiveremedyeither.“Asleepingpillwill_____(46)oneareaofthebrain,butthere'snevergoingtobeaperfectsleepingpill,becauseyoucouldn'treallyreplicates(复制)thedifferentchemicalsmovinginandoutofdifferentpartsofthebraintogothroughthedifferentstagesofsleep,"saysDr.NancyCollop,directoroftheEmoryUniversitySleepCenter.
A.alternativelyB.caters
C.chronicallyD.debated
E.deprivationF.ideal
G.improvementsH.necessarily
I.negotiated J.pierce
K.presumptionL.ready
M.recommendedN.surpasses
O.target
SectionB
Climatechangemaybereal,butit'sstillnoteasybeinggreen.
[A]Theroadtoclimatehellispavedwithourgoodintentions.Politiciansmaytacklepolluterswhilescientistsdobattlewithcarbonemissions.Butthemostpervasiveproblemislessobvious:
ourownbehavior.Wegetdistractedbeforewecanturndowntheheating.Webreakourpromisenottoflyafterhearingaboutaneighbour'striptoIndia.Ultimately,wecan'tbebotheredtochangeourattitude.Fortunatelyfortheplanet,socialscienceandbehaviouraleconomicsmaybeabletodothatforus.
[B]Despitemournfulpolarbearsandchartsshowingcarbonemissionssoaring,mostpeoplefindithardtobelievethatglobalwarmingwillaffectthempersonally.RecentpollsbythePewResearchCentreinWashington,DC,foundthat75-80percentofparticipantsregardedclimatechangeasanimportantissue.Butrespondentsrankeditlastonalistofpriorities.
[C]Thisinconsistencylargelystemsfromafeelingofpowerlessness."Whenwecan'tactuallyremovethesourceofourfear,wetendtoadaptpsychologicallybyadoptingarangeofdefencemechanisms,"saysTomCrompton,changestrategistfortheenvironmentalorganizationWordWideFundforNature.
[D]Partofthefaultlieswithourinnercaveman.Evolutionhasprogrammedhumanstopaymostattentiontoissuesthatwillhaveanimmediateimpact."Weworrymostaboutnowbecauseifwedon'tsurviveforthenextminute,we'renotgoingtobearoundintenyears'time,"saysProfessorElkeWeberoftheCentreforResearchonEnvironmentalDecisionatColumbiaUniversityinNewYork.IftheThamesforResearchonEnvironmentalDecisionatColumbiaUniversityinNewYork.IftheThamswerelappingaroundBigBen,Londonerswoundfaceuptotheproblemofemissionsprettyquickly.Butinpractice,ourbraindiscountstherisks-andbenefits-associatedwithissuesthatliesomewayahead.
[E]MatthewRushworth,oftheDepartmentofExperimentalPsychologyattheUniversityofOxford,seesthisinhislabeveryday."Oneofthewaysinwhichallagentsseemtomakedecisionsisthattheyassignalowerweightingtooutcomesthataregoingtobefurtherawayinthefuture,"hesays."Thisisaverysensiblewayforananimaltomakedecisionsinthewildandwouldhavebeenveryhelpfulforhumansforthousandsofyears."
[F]Notanylonger.Bythetimewewakeuptothethreatposedbyclimatechanges,itcouldwellbetoolate.Anditwe'renotgoingtomakerationaldecisionsaboutthefuture,othersmayhavetohelpustodoso.
[G]FewpoliticallibrariesarewithoutacopyofNudge:
ImprovingDecisionsAboutHealth.WealthandHappiness,byRichardThalerandCassSunstein.Theyarguethatgovernmentsshouldpersuadeusintomakingbetterdecisions-suchassavingmoreinourpensionplans-bychangingthedefaultoptions.ProfessorWeberbelievesthatenvironmentalpolicycanmakeuseofsimilartactics.If,forexample,buildingcodesincludedgreenconstructionguidelines,mostdeveloperswouldtoolazytochallengethem.
[H]Defaultsarecertainlypartofthesolution.Butsocialscientistsaremostconcernedaboutcraftingmessagesthatexploitourgroupmentality(心态)."Weneedtounderstandwhatmotivatespeople,whatitisthatallowsthemtomakechange."saysProfessorNeilAdger,oftheTyndallCentreforClimateChangeResearchinNorwich."Itisactuallyaboutwhattheirpeersthinkofthem,whattheirsocialnormsare,whatisseenasdesirableinsociety."Inotherwords,ourinnercavemaniscontinuallylookingoverhisshouldertoseewhattherestofthetribeareupto.
[I]Thepassiveattitudewehavetoclimatechangeasindividualscanbealteredbycontinuingusin-andmeasuringusagainst-ourpeergroup."Socialnormsareprimitiveandelemental,"saysDr.RobertCialdini,authorofInfluence:
ThePsychologyofPersuasion."Birdsflocktogether,fishschooltogether,cattleherdtogether……justperceivingnormsisenoughtocausepeopletoadjusttheirbehaviorinthedirectionofthecrowd."
[J]Thesenormscantakeusbeyondgoodintensions.CaldiniconductedastudyinSanDiegoinwhichcoathangersbearingmessagesaboutsavingenergywerehungonpeople'sdoors.Someofthemessagesmentionedtheenvironment,somefinancialsavings,otherssocialresponsibility.Butitwastheonesthatmentionedtheactionsofneighboursthatdrovedownpoweruse.
[K]Otherstudiesshowthatsimplyprovidingthefacilityforpeopletocomparetheirenergyusewiththelocalaverageisenoughtocausethemtomodifytheirbehaviour.TheConservativesplantoadoptthisstrategybymakingutilitycompaniesprinttheaveragelocalelectricityandgasusageonpeople'sbills.
[L]Socialsciencecanalsoteachpoliticianshowtoavoidourcollectivecapacityforself-destructivebehavior.EnvironmentalcampaignsthattellushowmanypeopledriveSUVsunwittingly(不经意地)implythatthisbehavioriswidespreadandthuspermissible.Cialdinirecommendssomecarefulframingofthemessage."InsteadofnormalizingtheundesirablebuysyetanotherSUV,itreducesourabilitytobeenergy-independent."
[M]Tappingintohowwealreadyseeourselvesiscrucial.Themostsuccessfulenvironmentalstrategywillmarrythegreenmessagetoourownsenseofidentify.Takeyouraveragetradeunionmember,chancesaretheywillbepoliticallymotivatedandbeusedtocollectiveaction-muchlikeEricaGregory.AretiredmemberofthePublicandCommercialServicesUnion,sheissettinguponeof1,100actiongroupswiththesupportofClimateSolidarity,atwo-yearenvironmentalcampaignaimedattradeunionists.
[N]Ericaisproofthatagreat-grandmothercanhelptoleadtherevolutionifyougetthepsychologyright-inthiscase,bymatchingherenthusiasmfortheenvironmentwithafondnessfororganizinggroups."Ithinkit'saterrificidea,"shesaysofthecampaign."Theunionbackingitmakesmembersthinktheremustbesomethinginit."Sheisexpectingupto20peopleatthefirstmeetingshehascalled,atherlocalpubintheCornishvillageofPolperro.
[O]NickPerks,projectdirectorforClimateSolidarity,believesthissortofactivityiswherethefutureofenvironmentalactionlies."Usingexistingcivilsocietystructuresornetworksisamoreeffectivewayofcreatingchange……andobviouslytradeunionsareoneofthebiggestcivilsocietynetworksintheUK,"hesays.The"LoveFood,HateWaste"campaignenteredintoacollaborationlastyearwithanothersuchnetwork-theWomen'sInstitute.LondonerRachelTaylorjoinedthecampaignwiththeaimofmakingnewfriends.Ayearon,themeetingshavemadelastingchangestowhatshethrowsawayinherkitchen."It'salwaysmoreofanincentiveifyou'redoingitwithotherpeople,"shesays."Itmotivatesyoumoreifyouknowthatyou'vegottoprovidefeedbacktoagroup."
[P]Thepowerofsuchsimplepsychologyinfightingclimatechangeisattractingattentionacrossthepoliticalestablishment.IntheUS,theHouseofRepresentativesScienceCommitteehasapprovedabillallocating$10millionayeartostudyingenergy-relatedbehavior.IntheUK,newstudiesareindevelopmentandsocialscientistsareregularlyspottedinBritishgovernmentoffices.Withthehelpofpsychologists,thereisfreshhopethatwemightgogreenafterall.
47.【题干】Whenpeoplefindtheyarepowerlesstochangeasituation,theytendtolivewithit.
48.【题干】Tobeeffective,environmentalmessagesshouldbecarefullyframed.
49.【题干】Itisthegovernment'sresponsibilitytopersuadepeopleintomakingenvironment-friendlydecisions.
50.【题干】Politiciansarebeginningtorealisetheimportanceofenlistingpsychologists'helpinfightingclimatechange.
51.【题干】Tofindeffectivesolutionstoclimatechange,itisnecessarytounderstandwhatmotivatespeopletomakechange.
52.【题干】Intheirevolution,humanshavelearnedtopayattentiontothemosturgentissuesinsteadoflong-termconcerns.
53.【题干】Onestudyshowsthatourneighbours'actio
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 英语六级 打印