ComputerGenerated Evidence as Demonstrative or Substantive Evidence.docx
- 文档编号:11328977
- 上传时间:2023-02-27
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:128
- 大小:95.63KB
ComputerGenerated Evidence as Demonstrative or Substantive Evidence.docx
《ComputerGenerated Evidence as Demonstrative or Substantive Evidence.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《ComputerGenerated Evidence as Demonstrative or Substantive Evidence.docx(128页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
ComputerGeneratedEvidenceasDemonstrativeorSubstantiveEvidence
AmericanJurisprudenceProofofFacts3d
DatabaseupdatedDecember2014
CategoricalListofArticles
EstablishingFoundationtoAdmitComputer-GeneratedEvidenceasDemonstrativeorSubstantiveEvidence
LauraWilkinsonSmalley,J.D.[*]
TABLEOFCONTENTS
ArticleOutline
Scope
Index
ResearchReferences
ARTICLEOUTLINE
IBackground
APreliminaryMatters
§1Introduction;scopeofarticle
§2Usesforcomputer-generatedevidence;ingeneral
§3Usesforcomputer-generatedevidence;ingeneral—Specificusesforcomputer-generatedevidence
§4Creatingandusingcomputergraphicsandanimation
BFoundationforAdmissionofComputer-GeneratedEvidence
§5Ingeneral
§6Computer-generatedevidencenotrequiringspecialconsideration
§7Challengestotrustworthinessofcomputer-generatedevidence
§7.5Reliability
CAdmissionofComputerAnimationsIntoEvidence
§8Contrastbetweenanimationsillustratinglayorexpertwitnesstestimonyandcomputersimulations
§9Admissionofcomputeranimations;ingeneral
§10Admissionofcomputeranimations;ingeneral—Legalstandard
DAdmissionofComputerSimulationsIntoEvidence
§11Ingeneral
§12Ingeneral—Useofexpertwitness
§13Admissionofcomputersimulationintoevidence
§14Admissionofcomputersimulationintoevidence—Layingfactualfoundation
§15Admissionofcomputersimulationintoevidence—Validityofunderlyingscientificortechnicaltheories
§16Admissionofcomputersimulationintoevidence—Authenticationofcomputerhardwareandsoftware
§17Admissionofcomputersimulationintoevidence—Trustworthinessofunderlyingmathematicalmodels
§18Prejudice
IIModelDiscovery
§19Discoveryconsiderations;ingeneral
§20Entitlementtodisclosure
§21Provisionsgoverningdiscoveryofunderlyinginformation
§22Plaintiff'sinterrogatoriestodefendant
§23Motioninliminetoexcludesimulationevidence
IIICreationandAdmissionofComputer-GeneratedEvidenceatTrial
§24Creationofanimationorsimulation;checklist
§25Admissionofcomputer-generatedattrial;checklist
IVAdmissionofComputerAnimationatTrial
ALayWitness
§26Introduction
§27Foundationforadmission
BExpertWitness
§28Qualifications
§29Backgroundregardingautopsy
§30Foundationforadmittingstillanimations
VAdmissionofComputerSimulationatTrial
§31Expertwitness;qualifications
§32Qualifyingexpert
ResearchReferences
TopicofArticle:
Establishingthefoundationnecessarytoadmitcomputer-generatedevidenceasdemonstrativeorsubstantiveevidenceattrial.
Thisissuemayariseinanycivilorcriminalactionwhereapartyseekstoillustrateevidenceforthejuryviacomputersimulationsoranimations,orwhereapartyoffersthesimulationoranimationassubstantiveevidencetoproveacrucialfactatissueinthelitigation.
INDEX
Accidentreconstruction,§§3,15
Admissionasevidence,§§25–32
Admissionsbyparties,§6
AdvancedDynamicVehicleSimulation(ADVS),§15
Animations,generally,§§4,8–10,24–30
Audioofactualevent,usingwithsimulation,§10
Auralevidence,retentioncompared,§§2,3,18
Authentication,§§6,14,16
Backgrounddiscussion,§§1–18
Badfaithdestructionofevidence,§20
Balancingprobativevalueandprejudice,§18
Businessrecords,§4
CD-ROM,§4
Charts,graphs,anddiagrams,§6
Checklistsadmissionasevidence,§25
creatinganimationsorsimulations,§24
Copyingsimulation,discovery,§19
Costs,production,§4
Court'spretrialevaluation,§14
Criminaldefenseuses,§§2,3
Daubertrule,scientificevidence,§15
Defenseuses,§2
Definitions,§9
Demonstrativevssubstantiveevidence,§§7,10,11
Destructionofevidence,§20
Diagrams,§6
Disasters,§3
Discovery,§§19–23
Displayofprograms,§4
Do-it-yourselfapproach,§4
DVD,§4
Estimatingcosts,§4
Excludingsimulations,§23
Expertwitnesses,§§8,10,12,20,28–32
Factualfoundation,§14
Fairandaccuraterepresentation,standard,§§9,10
Foundation,generally,§§5–7
Fryetest,scientificevidence,§15
Generalacceptancestandard,scientificevidence,§15
Graphs,§6
Hardwareauthentication,§16
Hearsay,§§4,7
Illustrativevssubstantiveevidence,§§7,10,11
Influentialimpact,§§2,18
Inputdatadiscovery,§21
Inputdataverification,§16
Interrogatories,§22
Introductiontoarticle,§1
Juryinfluence,§§2,3,18
Laserdisk,§4
Laywitness,animation,§§26,27
Liminemotions,§23
Maps,§5
Mathematicaltrustworthiness,§17
Modeldiscovery,§§19–23
Motionsinlimine,§23
Naturaldisasters,§3
Oralevidence,retentioncompared,§§2,3,18
Outputdata,discovery,§20
Patentlitigation,§3
Prejudicialeffect,§18
Presentationmedia,§4
Pretrialevaluationbycourt,§14
Printouts,businessrecords,§6
Professionalanimationfirms,§4
Protectiveordersindiscovery,§20
Qualifyingexpertwitness,§§31,32
Reconstructingaccidents,§§3,15
Relevance,§§14,18
Reliability,§§7,17
Reportofexpert,discovery,§20
Retentionincrease,jurors,§§2,3,18
Rulesofevidence,§5
Sampleinterrogatories,§22
Sanctions,discovery,§20
Scientificbasis,§§15,17
Scopeofarticle,§1
Simulations,generally,§§8,11–18,23–25,31,32
Softwareauthentication,§16
Sophisticationofcourtroom,electronic,§4
Standardsforadmission,§9
Storeddata,discovery,§20
Substantialsimilaritystandard,§§10,14
Substantivevsillustrativeevidence,§§7,10,11
Sufficiencyofunderlyingfactualbasis,§14
Suppressingsimulations,§23
Techniquesofanimation,§4
Technologicalsophisticationofcourtroom,§4
Theoryvalidity,§15
Third-partygraphicssoftware,§4
Trustworthiness,§§7,17
Underlyingdata,discovery,§21
Underlyingfactualbasis,sufficiency,§14
Usesofcomputer-generatedevidence,generally,§§2,3
Visualimpact,§§2,3,18
Weighingprobativevalueandprejudice,§18
I.Background
A.PreliminaryMatters
§1.Introduction;scopeofarticle
[CumulativeSupplement]
Thisarticlediscusseshowtoestablishingthefoundationnecessarytoadmitcomputer-generatedevidence,includinganimationsorsimulations,asdemonstrativeorsubstantiveevidenceattrial.Thissituationmayariseinanycivilorcriminalaction,whereapartyseekstoillustrateevidenceforthejuryviacomputersimulationsoranimations,orwhereapartyoffersthesimulationoranimationassubstantiveevidencetoproveacrucialfactatissueinthelitigation.Generally,theissueofhowtoadmitcomputer-generatedevidenceattrialwillbegintosurfaceduringexpertdisclosure,whereapartywillhavetodecidehowandwhentheuseofcomputeranimationsorcomputersimulationswillbedisclosedtotheotherside.Often,acomputer-generateddemonstration,simulationoranimationwillbethesubjectofamotioninlimine,wheretheproponentoftheevidenceseekstoensureitsadmission,or,moreoften,wheretheopposingpartywillseektoprecludeadmissionofthatevidence.
Thisarticlewilldiscussallaspectsofadmittingcomputer-generatedanimations,simulationsandothercomputer-generateddemonstrationsintoevidence,fromageneraldiscussionoftheusesofcomputer-generatedevidence,[1]creatingtheanimationorsimulation,[2]evidentiaryconsiderations,[3]anddiscoveryconsiderations,[4]includingamotioninliminetoprohibittheuseofcomputer-generatedevidenceortoensureitsadmissionattrial.[5]Checklistsregardingthecreationofananimationorasimulation[6]andtheadmissionofcomputer-generatedattrial[7]areprovided.thearticleconcludeswithsampletestimonyusedtolaythefoundationfortheadmissionofacomputeranimation[8]andacomputersimulation[9]attrial.
CUMULATIVESUPPLEMENT
A.L.R.Library
AdmissibilityofComputer-GeneratedAnimation,111A.L.R.5th529
Cases:
Discretionistheenduringconstant:
Althoughdemonstrativeevidencehasevolvedfromstillphotographs,tofilms,colorslides,videotapes,andcomputer-generateddemonstrations,thetrialjudgemuststillexercisesounddiscretionindeterminingwhethertheprofferedevidenceisrelevantandiftheprobativevalueissubstantiallyoutweighedbythedangerofunfairprejudice.RulesofEvid.,Rules401,403.Eckmanv.Moore,876So.2d975(Miss.2004);West'sKeyNumberDigest,Equity
188.
Computer-generatedanimationevidence,whichwascreatedbymurderdefendant'sexpertwitnessandadmittedfordemonstrativepurposesonly,shouldnothavebeengiventothejuryforitsconsiderationduringdeliberations.Coxv.State,849So.2d1257(Miss.2003);West'sKeyNumberDigest,CriminalLaw
858(3).
Videoanimationandotherdemonstrativeevidencethatsummarize,orperhapsemphasize,testimonyareadmissibleiftheunderlyingtestimonyhasbeenadmittedintoevidence,orissubsequentlyadmittedintoevidence.NorthAmericanVanLines,Inc.v.Emmons,50S.W.3d103(Tex.App.Beaumont2001),reh'goverruled,(Aug.9,2001)andRule53.7(f)motionfiled,(Sept.19,2001);West'sKeyNumberDigest,Evidence
150.
[TopofSection]
[ENDOFSUPPLEMENT]
§2.Usesforcomputer-generatedevidence;ingeneral
[CumulativeSupplement]
Whilenotallcasesareassensationalastheonesdescribedbelow,computergraphicscanhaveadramaticimpactinthecourtroom.Acomputeranimationusedtoillustrateanexpert'stestimonyrecreatedahexaneexplosionintheLouisville,Kentuckysewersystem.Theexpert,achemicalengineer,testifiedthatpollutionfromaRalstonPurinaplantcausedthedisaster,andacomputeranimationillustratedhistheoryofthecase.Afterthejurywasshownthevideo,RalstonPurinasettledformorethan$68milliondollars.[1]WhileRalsonPurina'struemotivesinsettlingareunknown
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- ComputerGenerated Evidence as Demonstrative or Substantive
![提示](https://static.bdocx.com/images/bang_tan.gif)
链接地址:https://www.bdocx.com/doc/11328977.html