英语专业毕业论文范本.docx
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英语专业毕业论文范本.docx
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英语专业毕业论文范本
本科毕业论文
中文题目:
图式理论在提高中国学生英语阅读能力中的作用
外文题目:
TheFunctionofSchemaTheoryin
ImprovingtheChineseStudents’EFLReadingAbility
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四川外语学院教务处制
论宗教在地区冲突中的角色
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摘要:
二战结束以后,世界范围的战争彻底结束了。
战后,世界经济得到迅猛发展,几次工业革命正在不断改变和提高着人们的生活。
然而,在看似平静和繁荣的全球背景之下,在各个地区的力量中心依旧战火不断。
这引来了学术界的激烈争论,最著名的当属以《文明冲突论》的作者亨廷顿为代表的学派。
该派学者认为,冷战结束后,由于对宗教和传统文化的狂热追求和强烈的文化归属感,地区冲突的主要原因已不再是政治,经济,军事或外交,而是以宗教为划分基础的文明之间的冲突。
然而笔者认为,事实并非如此。
论文首先从理论的角度分析了各大宗教派别信仰的相似之处,即和平、包容,证明宗教本身共存的可能性。
随后作者阐述了伊斯兰教的特征及原教旨主义运动的发展,论述了激进组织和极端分子不应被视为宗教的代表,甚至从某种意义上说,不能被认为是宗教的一部分。
最后,本文又通过透彻的案例分析对产生当前各主要地区冲突(如伊朗问题,巴以冲突等)的原因进行分析,说明了军事和经济等因素在地区冲突中所占位置。
由此作者得出结论,宗教是地区冲突的原因之一,但并非主要原因。
通过本文的写作,笔者表达了对当前流行的文明冲突派观点的不赞同,希望经过深入的分析和细致的举例,达到证明宗教并非冲突之源的目的。
事实是,宗教是我们人类历史的灿烂瑰宝,应与以保护,并不断使之发扬光大。
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关键词:
宗教;文明冲突;极端分子;地区冲突根源
OntheRoleofReligioninRegionalConflicts
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Abstract
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SincetheendoftheSecondWorldWar,theworldeconomyhasbeengreatlydeveloped.However,underthebackgroundofglobalprosperity,regionalconflictsandwarsarestillgoingon.Thisleadstotheintensecontroversyamongscholars.ThemostinfluentialpartyisrepresentedbySamuelP.Huntington,whostateshisstandpointinhisbookTheClashofCivilizationsandtheRemakingofWorldOrder,publishedin1996.ThesescholarsbelieveafterColdWar,politics,oreconomyisnolongertherootofconflicts.Instead,duetotheglobalenthusiasmtowardsreligionsandcivilizationsandtheincreasingsensesofculturalbelonging,clashbetweenreligion-basedcivilizationsbecomesthemaincause.But,theauthorbelievesonthecontrary.
Inthefirstpartofthepaper,theauthortheoreticallycomparesthesimilaritiesofthefaithsofsomemajorreligionsandthenprovidesevidencetoshowthatextremistscannotbetakenasrepresentatives,evenpartofreligions.Then,throughcasestudies,theauthorexplainindetailmanyothercausesinvolvedinsomecurrenthotissuesandconflicts,provingthatreligionsarepartofthecausesofregionalconflicts,butfarfromtobeamainone.
Inthispaper,theauthorexpressesherdisagreementonthethoughtsinClashofCivilizationsandherwishtoprovethatreligionsarenottherootoftoday’sconflictsaccordingtodetailedexamplesandcases.Religions,withcivilizationsdividedonthebasisofthem,arepreciouspartsofourhumanhistory.Therefore,theauthorfirmlybelievesthatthetaskonusistofurtherdevelopreligions,ratherthanblame,hate,evendiminishthem.
Keywords:
religion;ClashofCivilizations;root;regionalconflicts
Acknowledgements
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Firstandforemost,Iwouldliketoexpressmyheartfeltgratitudetomysupervisor,ProfessorX,XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX.
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Contents
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中文摘要…………………………………………………………………………….
Abstract………………………………………………………………………………
Aknowledgements…………………………………………………………………...
Introduction…………………………………………………………………………...1
.ABriefReviewofFunctionalEquivalence………………………………………...2
A.DefinitionofFunctionalEquivalence……………………………………….3
B.DifferentFunctions…………………………………………………………..4
C.AimsandTargets………………………………………………………….…5
.ABriefReviewofAdvertisementTranslationfromEnglishtoChinese……….…6
A.TargetsandPrinciplesofAdvertisementTranslation………………………..7
B.RequirementsforAdvertisementTranslation………………………………..9
C.CulturalElementsinAdvertisementTranslation……………………………11
.AdvertisementTranslationfromEnglishtoChineseinLightofFunctional
Equivalence……………………………………………………………………...13
A.TheDifferencesBetweenTwoLanguages………………………….………15
B.FunctionalEquivalenceinEnglishAdvertisementTranslation………….....17
Conclusion……………………………………………………….………..………...19
Notes………………………………………………………………………………...20
Bibliography………………………………………………………………………...24
OnAdvertisementTranslationfromEnglishtoChineseinLightofFunctionalEquivalence
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Introduction
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Inourdailylife,wealwaysseeorhearmanyadvertisementsontheradio,billboards,magazines,newspaperandsoon.Thetranslationofadvertisementplaysanimportantroleintheculturalexchangesofdifferentcountries.AfterenteringWTO,Chinahasbeenfacedwithfiercercompetition,sotheadvertisementhasbecomemoreandmoreimportantforitisalwaysusedasthewaytopromotethesalesofgoods.Theexcellentadvertisementisnotonlyunderstandableforeveryone,butalsohasanelegantstyle.Itcaneasilyencouragepeopletobuythegoods.Therefore,agoodtranslationofanadvertisementisalsoimportanttopromotethesalesofthegoodsinthecountryofthetargetlanguage.
MosttranslatorsmaybefamiliarwiththetheoryoffunctionalequivalencewhichissystematicallyillustratedbyEugeneA.Nida.Itisstatedprimarilyintermsofacomparisonofthewayinwhichtheoriginalreceptorsunderstoodandappreciatedthetextandthewayinwhichreceptorsofthetranslatedtextunderstandandappreciatethetranslatedtext.1Thatistosay,theadequacyoftranslationsisjudgedonthebasisofthecorrespondenceinlexiconandgrammarbetweenthesourceandtargetlanguages.
Functionalequivalenceisapowerfulweaponforinformationexchange.Thetranslationworkwhichfollowstheprinciplesoffunctionalequivalenceismucheasiertounderstand.
正文页码采用“页面底端居中”的格式
However,functionalequivalenceisveryabstracttomostpeople.Inordertomakeitclear,thispaperchoosesadvertisementtranslationtoanalyzeitseveryaspect.DuetothedifferencesbetweenEnglishandChinese,theadvertisementtranslationfromEnglishtoChineseshouldbeundertakenindifferenttranslationtechniqueswiththeguidanceoffunctionalequivalence.
.ABriefReviewofFunctionalEquivalence
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ThesimilarityofthethoughtsofhumanbeingsdeterminesthatthesimilaritiesaremorethanthedifferencesbetweenEnglishandChinese.Theequivalenceoflanguagesmakesitpossibletoconvertthesourcelanguageintothetargetlanguage.However,theconvertisnotjustaprocesstotranslatethewordsfromonelanguagetoanotherlanguage.Translationshouldbeatasktorecurtheinformationoftheoriginalworkinamostnaturalway.Thatistosay,translationshouldrebuildthesurficialformsoftheoriginalinformation,converttheviewsofexpressionandreplacethemeaningoftheoriginalworkwiththemeaningofthetranslatedwork.Therefore,equivalenceisthemostimportantbasisfortranslation.Thetranslatedworkcanbeofhigherqualityifitachievesmoreequivalencewiththeoriginalwork.
Functionalequivalenceisveryimportanttoallkindsoftranslation.ThereasonisthatEnglishandChinesehavemanydifferencesintheirforms,grammars,sentencestructuresandsoon.Therefore,intheprocessoftranslation,toconveytheinformationoftheoriginalworkisthefocusandthemostdifficultpart.Afterall,thereceptorsofthetranslatedworkexpecttoknowthecontentoftheoriginalwork.
Functionalequivalencealsoemphasizestheculturalelements.Ifatranslatedworkdoesnotreflecttheculturalelementsoftheoriginalwork,itmustbeafailure.Therefore,thetranslatorshouldbebilingualandbicultural.
Nidaalwaysholdsaviewthatsyntaxandlexemearethebiggestbarriersforthetranslators.2ThetranslatorsdevotedtoEnglish-Chinesetranslationmayagreewithhim.MostofthemhavelearnedEnglishthroughthegrammar,sotheirtranslationconceptisoftenaffectedbythegrammarandsentencestructure.Functionalequivalenceisapowerfulweaponforthetranslatorstoovercomethesebarriers.Functionalequivalencecanfallintothreeparts.First,thewordclassesreplacethetraditionalpartsofspeechtodescribethesemanticrelationsofthewords.Second,theconceptofkernelsentenceandtheconceptofsentencetransformationcanovercometherestrictionofsyntaxtoatranslator.Third,isomorphismcanovercomethebarrierscausedbythesocialandculturaldifferences.3
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A.DefinitionofFunctionalEquivalence
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Amaximal,idealdefinitioncouldbestatedas“Thereadersofatranslatedtextshouldbeabletounderstandandappreciateitinessentiallythesamemannerastheoriginalreadersdid.”4
Aminimal,realisticdefinitionoffunctionalequivalencecouldbestatedas“Thereadersofatranslatedtextshouldbeabletocomprehendittothepointthattheycanconceiveofhowtheoriginalreadersofthetextmusthaveunderstoodandappreciateit.”5
“Poets,”accordingtoShelley,“aretheunacknowledgedlegislatorsoftheworld.”6
Inthe1950s,forexample,whileEllingtonwasstillalive,RaymondHorrickscomparedhimwithRavel,Delius,andDebussy:
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ThecontinuallyenquiringmindofEllington…hassoughttoextendsteadilytheimaginativeboundariesofthemusicalformonwhichitsubsists….Ellingtonsincethemid-1930shasbeenengageduponextendingboththeimageryandtheformalc
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