第15讲动名词新新人教版初高中英语衔接 高一英语解析版.docx
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第15讲动名词新新人教版初高中英语衔接 高一英语解析版.docx
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第15讲动名词新新人教版初高中英语衔接高一英语解析版
动名词+题型组合练
第15讲
知识梳理
一、动名词的形式
动名词的形式:
动名词既具有动词的一些特征,又具有名词的句法功能。
语态
形式
主动语态
被动语态
一般式
doing
beingdone
完成式
havingdone
havingbeendone
否定式:
not+动名词
二、动名词的用法
动名词句法功能:
动名词在句子中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语
1.动名词作主语
动名词作主语时,句子的谓语动词常用单数,其位置有以下两种:
(1)把动名词置于句首。
如:
Learningnewwordsisveryusefultome。
(2)用it作形式主语,把真正的主语置于句后,常用于下列句式中:
It+is+nogood,nouse,awasteoftime/money,fun,useless,nice,boring,foolish+doing:
Itisfundoingshoppinginsmallmarkets.
注意:
important,necessary,essential,impossible等形容词后只能用不定式。
注意2:
1)动名词做主语时,谓语动词为单数;
2)当句子中的主语和表语都是非限定动词时,要遵循前后一致原则,主语和表语在形式上要
求统一:
Seeingisbelieving.Toseeistobelieve.
2.动名词作宾语
句型一:
动词+动名词充当宾语
在一些动词后只可以用动名词做宾语而不可以用不定式做宾语
例如:
admit;advise;riskfinish,stop,can'thelp,consider,advise,practice,miss,imagine…
Nowadays,manypeopleareconsideringgoingabroadforfurtherstudy.
★必背动词
admit承认
appreciate感激
avoid避免
forbid禁止
consider考虑
delay耽误
deny否认
detest讨厌
endure忍受
enjoy喜欢
escape逃脱
fancy想象
finish完成
imagine想象
mind介意
miss想念
postpone推迟
practice训练
recall回忆
propose建议
resume继续
resist抵抗
risk冒险
suggest建议
keep继续
include包括
stand忍受
understand理解
forgive宽恕
recommend推荐
advise建议
involve涉及
mention提及
resist抵制
permit默许
allow允许
★必背:
带介词to的短语跟动名词:
beusedto习惯;beequalto胜任;begivento沉溺于;beopposedto反对;berelatedto与……有关;devoteoneselfto献身于;getdownto着手做;giveriseto引起;leadto导致;lookforwardto盼望;objectto反对;payattentionto注意;putone'smindto全神贯注于;stickto坚持bereducedto沦落为
句型二:
sb+think/consider/find/feellike/+it(形式宾语)+useless/nouse/nogood(宾补)+doing.
例:
Ifoundituselessarguingaboutit.
Doyouconsideritworthbuyingahouseinthecountry?
句型三:
主动形式表被动意义:
need,want,require,deserve,worth等词后面,通常接动名词的主动形式来表达被动意义:
如:
1)Thegrassneedscutting=Thegrassneedstobecut;
2)ManynurseswereworthpraisingbecausetheydidagoodjobintheAsiantsunami
3)Manynursesdeservedpraising(tobepraised)becausetheydidagoodjobintheAsiantsunami
注:
need,want,require,deserve+doing=need,want,require,deserve+tobedone
句型四:
作介词的宾语,放在类似于beafraidof,be/getused/accustomedto,thinkof,befondof,feellike,giveup,lookforwardto,payattentionto,havetrouble/difficultiesin,insiston,persistin,putoff等的词组后作宾语。
注意:
介词+动名词一起充当主句状语时,动名词的逻辑主语应与主句主语一致。
1)Wearethinkingofmakinganewplanforthenextterm.
2)Shallwehavearestorgetdowntodoingourwork?
3)Hecametothepartywithoutbeinginvited(with+动名词构成伴随状语).
4)Thedriverwasfinedforhavingdrunkwhiledriving(for+动名词构成加原因状语).
句型五:
Thereis+nogood/nouse/nopoint+(in)doing,“做某事没有好处、用处、意义”
Thereisnogood(in)doingsomuchhomeworkeverydaywithoutthinkingifitisworthwhile.
注意:
(1)在Therebe句型中,只能用动名词,而不能用不定式作主语:
Thereisnotellingwhatwillhappen.
Thereisnojokingaboutsuchmatters.
(2)动名词前的介词有时可以省略,如:
havedifficulty(in)doing,havenotrouble(in)doing,prevent/stop…(from)doing,thereisnouse(in)doing等。
句型六:
作形容词的宾语,通常用在beworthdoing,bebusydoing的句型中:
Themusiciswellworthlisteningtomorethanonce.
Wearebusypreparingforthecomingsportsmeet.
3.动名词作表语
例:
Myfavouritesportisswimming。
注:
job,work,hobby做主语时,表语用动名词。
例:
Myjobisteaching。
动名词做表语时要注意与进行时态区分,例:
Shewaswashingclothes。
Herjobwaswashingclothes。
4.动名词作定语
动名做定语置于名词前,说明所修饰词的性质以及用途,具有名词性质。
例:
awashingmachine=amachineforwashing=amachinewhichisusedforwashing
sleepingpills=pillsforsleeping=pillswhichisusedforsleeping
5.作同位语
Thecave,hishiding-placeissecret.那个山洞,他藏身的地方很秘密。
Hishabit,listeningtothenewsontheradioremainsunchanged.
他收听收音机新闻节目的习惯仍未改变。
三、不定式和动名词的区别
A.从含义上,不定式:
具体某一次的动作;动名词:
抽象的一般行为、习惯
例如:
Iloveswimming,butIdon'tlovetoswiminthisdirtyriver.
注意:
平衡原则:
当表语是动名词时,主语也要用动名词;当表语是不定式时,主语也要用不定式。
Toliveistostruggle.
Seeingisbelieving.
B.作主语时:
动名词:
表抽象和经验
不定式:
表具体动作
Smokingisprohibitedhere.(抽象)
Itisnotverygoodforyoutosmokesomuch.(具体)
Drivingacarduringtherushhouristiring.在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。
(经验)
Ittookmeonlyfiveminutestofinishthejob. (具体)
C.接不定式和动名词作宾语含义不同的词组
①forget,remember+todo(忘记/记得去做某事)
forget,remember+doing/havingdone(忘记/记得做过某事)
②regret+todo(tell,say,inform,announce等)(很遗憾地……)
regret+doing/havingdone(后悔做过某事)
③mean+todo(打算做某事)
mean+doing(意味着……)
④try+todo(设法/尽力做某事)
try+doing(试着做某事)
⑤stop/goon+todo(停下/继续去做另一件事)
stop/goon+doing(停止/继续正在做的事)
⑥can'thelp+doing=can'thelpbutdo(禁不住……)
can'thelp+todo(不能帮助干……)
⑦consider+doing(考虑做某事)
consider+todo/be(认为……)
经典精讲
语法单句填空
1.Youngpeoplemayrisk________(go)deafiftheyareexposedtoveryloudmusiceveryday.
【答案】going
【解析】本题考查动词非谓语中分词的使用。
riskdoingsth.意为“冒险去做某事”。
WhenPeterspeaksinpublic,healwayshastrouble_(think)oftherightthingstosay.
【解析】固定搭配havetrouble/difficulty(in)doingsth.做某事有困难。
3.It’snouse______(complain)withouttakingaction.
【答案】complaining
【解析】It’snousedoingsth.的固定句式结构,意为“做某事无用”。
相类似的句式结构还有:
It’snopointdoingsth.There’snoneedtodosth.
4.Ihadgreatdifficulty(find)thesuitablefoodonthemenuinthatrestaurant.
【答案】finding
【解析】固定搭配havetrouble/difficulty(in)doingsth.做某事有困难。
5.Billsuggested_____(hold)ameetingonwhattodofortheShanghaiExpoduringthevacation.
【答案】holding
【解析】suggest后面要跟名词或动名词做宾语。
6.Somethingassimpleas______(drink)somecoldwatermayclearyourmindandrelievepressure.
【答案】drinking
【解析】动名词做主语。
7.Wewereluckythatwejustescaped_______(catch)intherain.
【答案】beingcaught
【解析】escape后面要跟名词或动名词做宾语。
这里要考虑到动名词被动语态。
8.Weappreciatetheir___________(invite)ustotheball.
【答案】.inviting【解析】动名词复合结构。
9.Thethiefdroveasfastashecouldtoavoid________(catch)bythepolice.
【答案】beingcaught【解析】动名词被动形式。
10.Ican’trememberherfacenowbut (recall)theincidentmakesmehappy.
【答案】.recalling
【解析】句意:
现在我不记得她的样子,但回忆这件事会让我感到快乐。
句中but是连词,连接并列句;后一分句中缺主语,故填recalling。
此处用动词的-ing形式做主语。
11.It’squitehottoday.Doyoufeellike (go)foraswim?
【答案】.going 【解析】feellikedoingsth.表示“想要做某事”,故用动词-ing形式。
实战演练
I.动名词的适当形式填空:
1._____isagoodformofexerciseforbothyoungandold.(walk)
2.Ican'tunderstandyour_______atthatpoorchild.(laugh)
3.Withtheboyleadingtheway,wehadnodifficulty______hishouse.(find)
4.Tomakealiving,hetriedwriting,_______,andvariousotherthings,buthehadfailedinall.(paint)
5.Shepridedherselfon_______toworkinBeijing.(send)
6.Shewaspraisedfor_______thelifeofthechild.(save)
7.Sheoughttobepraisedinsteadof_______.(criticize).
8.Isthereanypossibilityofour_______thechampionship?
(win)
9.Hecametothepartywithout_______.(invite)
10.Thereisno____whatwillhappeninthefuture.(know)
11.I’llneverforget____themusicalcomedyinNewYork.(see)
12.Iremember____toBeijingwhenIwasachild.(take)
13.Hepausedandwenton_____thetexttous.(explain)
14.On_____thenews,shecouldn’thelpcrying.(hear)
15.Whileshopping,peoplesometimescan’thelp_____intobuyingsomethingtheydon’treallyneed.(persuade)
答案:
1.Walking2.laughing 3.finding4.painting 5.beingsent6.havingsaved
7.beingcriticized 8.winning9.beinginvited10.knowing11.havingseen
12.beingtaken13.explaining14.hearing15.beingpersuaded
II.翻译下列句子(注意动名词用法)
1.勤洗手是避免疾病传染的有效方法之一。
(infect)
1.充分利用时间并不意味着从早到晚不停地看书。
(keep)
2.长时间看电视有损视力。
(doharm)
3.晚饭后看一会儿电视已成了我长期养成的一个习惯。
(habit)
4.吃太多的甜食容易使人发胖。
(likely)
5.很多人身体有疾病时才认识到保持健康的重要性。
(not…until)
6.已经采取新措施来防止这种疾病蔓延。
(prevent)
7.我们按照警察的指点,很容易地找到了要去的地方。
(difficulty)
8.在冬天的夜晚我宁愿待在家里。
(prefer)
9.我真的很感激在这个愉快的周末有时间和你一起放松。
(appreciate)
参考答案:
1.Washinghandsoften/frequently/regularlyisoneoftheeffectivewaystoavoidbeinginfectedbydisease(s).
2.Makingfulluseoftimedoesn’tmeankeepingonreadingbooksfrommorningtillnight.
3.WatchingtoomuchTVdoesharmtoone’seyes./WatchingTVforalongtimedoesharmtoone’seyes.
4.WatchingTVforawhileaftersupperhasbeenmylongestablishedhabit.
5.Eatingtoomuchsweetsislikelytomakeonefat.
6.Manypeoplearenotawareoftheimportanceofbeinghealthy/keepingfituntiltheyare
7.Newmeasureshavebeentakentopreventthiskindofdisease(from)spreading.
8.Followingthepoliceman’sdirection,wehadnodifficultyinfindingtheplacewewantedtogo.
9.Ipreferstayingindoorsoncoldwinterevenings./Iprefertostayindoorsoncoldwinterevenings
10.Ireallyappreciatehavingtimetorelaxwithyouonthisniceweekend.
能力训练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Withfastfoodandconvenienceatourfingertipsoneverycornerandateveryturn,itisbecomingincreasinglyhardtostayinshape.Stayinghealthyhasbeenmoreandmoredifficultformanyofthecommonpeople.Toopposethiswewouldliketoarmyouwithfourwaysofstayinghealthyandfeelinggreat.
Youreallyarewhatyoueat.
It’strue,andthere’snowayaroundit.Youcan’tbesittingtherestaringatthatplateoffriedchicken,hopingthatyouwillfeelamazedlaterintheday.Wehavetobeinrealityaboutwhatweeat.Ifweareputtingdeadandfriedfoodinourbellies,whatisgoingtocomeoutisexhaustedenergyandillness.
Enjoythesun.
Enjoythesunshine,orthewindorcoldforthatmatter.Inotherwords,getoutside.Takeawalk.Doiteverysingleday.Youdon’thavetobedoingintenseandheavyrunsdayinanddayout,butyoudoneedtobemoving.
Yousee,ahealthymetabolism(新陈代谢)willonlycomefromanactivelifestyle.Thosewhohaveasedentaryliving,sittinginofficechairsorhardlymoving,willhavebodiesadaptedtothatlifestyle.Butifyourbodythinksthatitn
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