英语语法专业术语整理.docx
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英语语法专业术语整理.docx
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英语语法专业术语整理
英语语法专业术语
本次听写要求:
挑选部分英语术语打在PPT上,学生按序号写出相应中文术语。
(一)词类partofspeech
实词notionalword['n?
u?
?
n?
l]
虚词structuralword/formword(e.g.articleprepositionconjunctioninterjection)
派生词derivative[di'riv?
tiv,?
d?
'riv?
tiv]
复合词compound['k?
mpaund,k?
m'paund]
词性partofspeech
名词noun
专有名词propernoun
普通名词commonnoun
可数名词countablenoun
不可数名词uncountablenoun
单数形式singularform
复数形式pluralform['plu?
r?
l,?
'plur?
l]
抽象名词abstractnoun[?
b'str?
kt,'?
bstr?
kt]
具体名词concretenoun['k?
nkri:
t]
物质名词materialnoun
集体名词collectivenoun
个体名词individualnoun
动词verb
主动词mainverb
及物动词transitiveverb['tr?
nsitiv,?
'tr?
ns?
tiv]
不及物动词intransitiveverb[in'tr?
nsitiv,?
in'tr?
ns?
tiv]
系动词linkverb
助动词auxiliaryverb[?
:
g'zilj?
ri]
情态动词modalverb
规则动词regularverb
不规则动词irregularverb
短语动词phrasalverb['freizl,?
'freiz?
l]
限定动词finiteverb['fainait]
非限定动词infiniteverb['infinit,?
'inf?
nit]
使役动词causativeverb['k?
:
z?
tiv]
感官动词verbofsenses
动态动词eventverb
静态动词stateverb
形容词adjective
比较等级degreesofcomparison
☆原级positivedegree
☆比较级comparativedegree
☆最高级superlativedegree
副词adverb
方式副词adverbofmanner
程度副词adverbofdegree
时间副词adverboftime
地点副词adverbofplace
修饰性副词adjunct
连接性副词conjunct
疑问副词interrogativeadverb[.int?
'r?
g?
tiv]
关系副词relativeadverb
代词pronoun['pr?
unaun]
人称代词personalpronoun
物主代词possessivepronoun[p?
'zesiv]
反身代词reflexivepronoun[ri'fleksiv]
相互代词reciprocalpronoun[ri'sipr?
k?
l]
指示代词demonstrativepronoun[di'm?
nstr?
tiv]
疑问代词interrogativepronoun[.int?
'r?
g?
tiv]
关系代词relativepronoun
不定代词indefinitepronoun[in'definit,?
in'def?
nit]
名词性物主代词nominalpossessivepronoun
形容词性物主代词adjectivalpossessivepronoun[.?
d?
ik'taiv?
l]
冠词article
定冠词definitearticle['definit,?
'def?
nit]
不定冠词indefinitearticle
介词preposition[prep?
'zi?
?
n]
连词conjunction[k?
n'd?
?
?
k?
?
n]
感叹词exclamation[.ekskl?
'mei?
?
n]
数词numeral['nju:
m?
r?
l]
基数词cardinalnumeral['kɑ:
dinl,?
'kɑ:
dn?
l]
序数词ordinalnumeral['?
:
din?
l,?
'?
:
dn?
l]
分数词fractionalnumeral['fr?
k?
?
n?
l]
限定动词finiteverbform['fainait]
非限定动词non-finiteverbform[n?
n'finit]
原形baseform
数number
单数形式singularform
复数形式pluralform
规则形式regularform
不规则形式irregularform
格case
普通格commoncase
所有格possessivecase
主格nominativecase
宾格objectivecase[?
b'd?
ektiv]
性gender['d?
end?
]
阳性masculine['m?
skjulin,?
'm?
skj?
lin]
阴性feminine['feminin,?
'fem?
nin]
通性common
中性neuter['nju:
t?
]
人称person
第一人称firstperson第二人称secondperson第三人称thirdperson
(二)句子
句子成分membersofsentences
主语subject
谓语predicate['predikeit,'predikit]
宾语object
双宾语dualobject['dju:
?
l]
直接宾语directobject
间接宾语indirectobject
复合宾语complexobject
同源宾语cognateobject['k?
g.neit]
补语complement['k?
mplim?
nt,?
'k?
mpl?
.ment,'k?
mpl?
m?
nt]
主补subjectcomplement
宾补objectcomplement
表语predicative['pridi.k?
tiv,?
'predi.keitiv]
定语attribute[?
'tribju:
t,'?
tribju:
t,?
?
'tribjut,'?
tr?
.bju:
t]
同位语appositive[?
'p?
zitiv]
状语adverbial[?
d'v?
:
bi?
l]
从句clause
从属句subordinateclause[s?
'b?
:
dineit,?
s?
'b?
:
dn.eit,s?
'b?
:
dnit]
并列句coordinateclause[k?
u'?
:
dneit,k?
u'?
:
dnit,?
k?
u'?
:
d?
neit]
名词从句nominalclause['n?
min?
l,?
'n?
m?
n?
l]
定语从句attributiveclause[?
'tribjutiv,?
?
'tribj?
tiv]
状语从句adverbialclause[?
d'v?
:
bi?
l]
宾语从句objectclause
主语从句subjectclause
同位语从句appositiveclause[?
'p?
zitiv]
时间状语从句adverbialclauseoftime
地点状语从句adverbialclauseofplace
方式状语从句adverbialclauseofmanner
让步状语从句adverbialclauseofconcession[k?
n'se?
?
n]
原因状语从句adverbialclauseofcause
结果状语从句adverbialclauseofresult
目的状语从句adverbialclauseofpurpose
条件状语从句adverbialclauseofcondition
真实条件状语从句adverbialclauseofrealcondition
非真实条件状语从句adverbialclauseofunrealcondition
含蓄条件句adverbialclauseofimpliedcondition
错综条件句adverbialclauseofmixedcondition
简单句simplesentence
并列句compoundsentence
复合句complexsentence
并列复合句compoundcomplexsentence
陈述句declarativesentence[di'kl?
r?
tiv]
疑问句interrogativesentence[.int?
'r?
g?
tiv]
一般疑问句generalquestion
特殊疑问句specialquestion
选择疑问句alternativequestion[?
:
l't?
:
n?
tiv]
附加疑问句tagquestion
反义疑问句disjunctivequestion[dis'd?
?
?
ktiv]
修辞疑问句rhetoricalquestion[ri't?
rik?
l]
感叹疑问句exclamatoryquestion[iks'kl?
m?
.t?
ri,?
ik'skl?
m?
.t?
uri]
存在句existentialsentence[.egzis'ten?
?
l]
肯定句positivesentence
基本句型basicsentencepattern
否定句negativesentence
祈使句imperativesentence[im'per?
tiv]
省略句ellipticalsentence[i'liptik?
l]
感叹句exclamatorysentence[iks'kl?
m?
.t?
ri,?
ik'skl?
m?
.t?
uri]
句法关系syntacticrelationship[sin't?
ktik]
并列coordinate[k?
u'?
:
dneit,k?
u'?
:
dnit,?
k?
u'?
:
d?
neit]
从属subordination[s?
b.?
:
di'nei?
?
n,?
s?
b.?
:
d?
n'ei?
?
n]
修饰modification[.m?
difi'kei?
?
n,?
.m?
d?
f?
'kei?
?
n]
前置修饰pre-modification[.m?
difi'kei?
?
n,?
.m?
d?
f?
'kei?
?
n]
后置修饰post-modification[.m?
difi'kei?
?
n,?
.m?
d?
f?
'kei?
?
n]
限制restriction[ri'strik?
?
n]
双重限制double-restriction
非限制non-restriction
时态tense
过去将来时pastfuturetense
过去将来进行时pastfuturecontinuoustense
过去将来完成时pastfutureperfecttense
一般现在时presentsimpletense
一般过去时pastsimpletense
一般将来时futuresimpletense
现在完成时pastperfecttense
过去完成时presentperfecttense
将来完成时futureperfecttense
现在进行时presentcontinuoustense
过去进行时pastcontinuoustense
将来进行时futurecontinuoustense
过去将来进行时pastfuturecontinuoustense
现在完成进行时presentperfectcontinuoustense
过去完成进行时pastperfectcontinuoustense
语态voice
主动语态activevoice被动语态passivevoice
语气mood
陈述语气indicativemood[in'dik?
tiv]祈使语气imperativemood[im'per?
tiv]
虚拟语气subjunctivemood[s?
b'd?
?
?
ktiv]
否定negation[ni'gei?
?
n]
否定范围scopeofnegation[sk?
up]全部否定fullnegation
局部否定partialnegation['pɑ:
?
?
l]转移否定shiftofnegation
语序order
自然语序naturalorder倒装语序inversion[in'v?
:
?
?
n]
全部倒装fullinversion部分倒装partialinversion
直接引语directspeech间接引语indirectspeech
自由直接引语freedirectspeech自由间接引语freeindirectspeech
一致agreement
主谓一致subject-predicateagreement['predikeit,'predikit]
语法一致grammaticalagreement[gr?
'm?
tik?
l]
概念一致notionalagreement['n?
u?
?
n?
l]
就近原则principleofproximity[pr?
k'simiti,?
pr?
k'sim?
ti]
强调emphasis['emf?
sis]/emphasize
['emf?
saiz,?
'emf?
.saiz]
重复repetition[.repi'ti?
?
n]
语音pronunciation语调tone升调risingtone降调fallingtone降升调falling-risingtone
文体style正式文体formal非正式文体informal
用法usage
感情色彩emotionalcoloring['k?
l?
ri?
]
褒义commendatory[k?
'mend?
t?
ri,?
k?
'mend?
.t?
uri]贬义derogatory[di'r?
g?
t?
ri,?
di'r?
g?
.t?
uri]
幽默humorous['hju:
m?
r?
s]讽刺sarcastic[sɑ:
'k?
stik]
挖苦ironic[ai'r?
nik]语法grammar
句法syntax['sint?
ks]词法morphology[m?
:
'f?
l?
d?
i]
结构structure层次rank句子sentence从句clause词组phrase插入语parenthesis
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