英美专八文学知识.docx
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英美专八文学知识.docx
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英美专八文学知识
一、GeofferyChaucer杰弗里•乔叟1343~1400
(首创“双韵体”,英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。
约翰·德莱顿(JohnDryden)称其为“英国诗歌之父”。
代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》。
)
ThefatherofEnglishpoetry.
Writingstyle:
wisdom,humor,humanity.
作品:
①
firsttimetouse‘heroiccouplet’(双韵体)bymiddleEnglish
②
③
④
⑤
二、WilliamShakespeare威廉•莎士比亚1564~1616lplaywright,poet
评价comments:
WidelyregardedasthegreatestwriterinEnglishliterature
莎士比亚同时代戏剧家本·琼森(BenJohnson)--他不属于一个时代,而是属于。
(Hewasnotofanage,butforalltime.)
作品:
①Historicalplays:
HenryVI;HenryIV:
RichardIII;HenryV;RichardII;HenryVIII
②FourComedies:
③FourTragedies:
④ShakespeareSonnet:
154
Threequatrainandonecouplet,ababcdcdefefgg
三、FrancislBacon弗兰西斯•培根1561~1626
Bacon’squote
1、knowledgeispower知识就是力量。
2、Beautyisassummerfruits,whichareeasytocorrupt,andcannotlast;andforthemostpartitmakesadissoluteyouth,andanagealittleoutofcountenance美犹如盛夏的水果,是容易腐烂而难保持的,世上有许多美人,她们有过放荡的青春,却迎受着愧悔的晚年。
3、Naturalabilitiesarelikenaturalplants,thatneedpruningbystudy;andstudiesthemselvesdogiveforthdirectionstoomuchatlarge,excepttheybeboundedinbyexperience.天生的能力好像天然生成的植物,必须通过学习加以修整;然而学习本身如若不由实践去约束,必然方向纷杂而漫无目的。
4、Virtueislikearichstone,bestplainset美德好比宝石,在朴素背景的衬托下反而更华丽。
评价
⏹thefounderofEnglishmaterialistphilosophy.
⏹ThefounderofmodernscienceinEngland.
⏹arepresentativeoftheEnglishrenaissance.
⏹awell-knownphilosopher,scientistandessayist.
Bacon’sworksestablishandpopularizeaninductivemethodologyforscientificinquiry,oftencalledtheBaconianmethod.Induction(归纳法)impliesdrawingknowledgefromthenaturalworldthroughexperimentation,observation,andtestingofhypotheses.
(哲学家、散文家;在论述探究知识的著作中提出了知识就是力量这一著名论断;近代唯物主义哲学的奠基人和近代实验科学的先驱。
)
Philosopher,scientist,laythefoundationformodernscience.ThefirstEnglishessayist.n马克思称他为“英国唯物主义及现代实验科学之父”
Writingstyle:
brevity,compactness&powerfulness,well-arrangingandenrichingbyBiblicalallusions,metaphorsandphilosophytoman’sreason.
作品:
①
②
③
④
十七世纪英国诗人
JohnDonne
theMetaphysicalpoet(17世纪玄学派诗人)
⏹Englishpoet,preacher
⏹HewasthemostoutstandingoftheEnglishMetaphysicalPoets
作品:
⏹SongsandSonnets《歌与十四行诗》
TheFlea《跳蚤》
TheGood-Morrow《早安》
BreakofDay《破晓》
⏹Epithalamions,ormarriagesongs《颂歌》
⏹Elegies《挽歌》
OnHisMistress
ToHisMistressGoingtobed
⏹Divinepoems《圣歌》
⏹HolySonnets《神圣十四行诗》
AttheRoundEarth’sImaginedCorner,Below
DeathBeNotProud
Artisticfeatures:
1.conceitsorimagery奇思妙喻
2.syllogism三段论
JohnMilton约翰•弥尔顿1608~1674
JohnMiltonwasanEnglishpoet,政论家,polemicist(辩论家)
HeisbestknownforhisepicpoemParadiseLost,whichisconsideredasthegreatestEnglishliteraryepic.
评价:
WilliamHayley's1796biographycalledhimthe"greatestEnglishauthor".Heremainsgenerallyregarded"asoneofthepreeminentwritersintheEnglishlanguageandasathinkerofworldimportance."
写作的3个主题:
❑Churchgovernment
❑Divorce
❑Republicanism
作品:
⏹1637:
Lycidas《利西达斯》
⏹1650:
Areopagitica《为英国人民声辩》
⏹1667:
ParadiseLost《失乐园》是无韵体
⏹1671:
ParadiseRegained《复乐园》
⏹1671:
SamsonAgonistes《力士参孙》
Thissonnetiswritteniniambicpentameterrhymedinabbaabbacdecde,typicalofItaliansonnet.
ItsthemeisthatpeopleusetheirtalentforGod,andtheyservehimbestwhocanendurethesufferingbest.
冒险小说作家
DanielDefoe丹尼尔•笛福1660~1731
小说家,新闻记者,小册子作者;十八世纪英国现实主义小说的奠基人。
HestartedTheReview,apoliticalandliterarymagazineinprison.1704年,他创办《评论》杂志,这是英国第一份定期出版的社会和政治刊物。
评价:
⏹Heiscalled“TheFatheroftheEnglishfiction”(英国小说之父)考,填空
Heisthefirstwriterstudyofthelower-classpeople,hislanguageissmooth,easy,colloquialandmostlyvernacular,andheisthefounderofrealisticnovel.
作品:
①TheLifeandStrangeSurprisingAdventuresofRobinsonCrusoe鲁宾逊漂流记
ItpraisesthefortitudeofthehumanlaborandthePuritan.
Robinsongrewfromanaiveandartlessyouthintoashrewdandhardenedman,temperedbynumeroustrialsinhiseventfullife.
Itisanadventurestory,Robinson,narrateshowhegoestosea,getsshipwreckedandmaroonedonalonelyisland,strugglestolivefor24-yearsthereandfinallygetsrelievedandreturnstoEngland.
②CaptainSingleton《辛格顿船长》
③MollFlanders《摩尔·弗兰德斯》
④AJournalofthePlagueYear《大疫年日记》
⑤Roxana《罗克萨娜》
JonathanSwift乔纳森•斯威夫特1667~1745
十八世纪杰出的政论家和讽刺小说家amastersatirist。
作品:
ATaleofaTub《一只桶的故事》
ThebattleoftheBooks《书籍之战》
TheDrapier’sLetter《布商来信》
AModestProposal《一个温和的建议》
Gulliver‘sTravels《格列佛游记》
Fourparts:
Lilliput小人国Brobdingnag大人国
FlyingIsland飞岛Houyhnhnm马岛
浪漫主义诗人一
WilliamBlake威廉•布莱克1757~1827
⏹PoetandPainter
⏹Engraver
⏹Developedownmythology/religion
⏹Firstmajor“Romantic”poet
⏹英国文学史上最复杂、最有个性的诗人之一
他打破了18世纪新古典主义的教条,用歌谣和无韵体诗来书写理想和生活。
Featuresofhispoems
•1.useofsimplelanguage
•2.serious,somberthemes
•3.lyricalbeauty
•4.symbolism
•5.mysticism
常出现的主题:
Good&evil
Heaven&hell
Knowledge&innocence
Externalreality&inner
作品:
①PoeticalSketches诗的素描
②SongsofInnocence天真之歌
ahappyandinnocentworldfromchildren’seye.Include:
③TheBookofThel塞尔书
④TheMarriageofHeavenandHell天堂和地狱的结合
⑤SongsofExperience经验之歌
awordofmisery,poverty,disease,warandrepressionwithamelancholytonefrommeneyes.Include:
⑥VisionsoftheDaughtersofAlbion阿尔比昂的女儿们之幻想
⑦TheSongofLos罗斯之歌
RobertBurns罗伯特•彭斯1759~1796
●ScottishpoetandwriteroftraditionalScottishfolksongs,whoseworksareknownandlovedwherevertheEnglishlanguageisread.
●是英国苏格兰著名的农民诗人。
●ThegreatestScottishpoetinthelate18thcentury.
PoemsChieflyintheScottishDialect主要用苏格兰方言写的诗
①
②
③
④
⑤
⑥
⑦
作品:
⏹Poems,chieflyintheScottishdialect《苏格兰方言诗集》
⏹TheTreeofLiberty自由树带有名著明主进步思想
⏹Scots,WhaHae苏格兰人
⏹HolyWillie’sPrayer威利长老的祈祷无情的嘲讽了教会的虚伪和地主对农民的压迫
⏹TheTwaDogs,两只狗
WilliamWordsworth威廉•华兹华斯1770~1850
与SamuelTaylorColeridge柯尔律治、RobertSouthey骚塞同被称为LakePoets“湖畔派”诗人。
评价:
●amajorEnglishRomanticpoet
●享有自然诗人的美誉
●PoetLaureate:
“桂冠诗人”
●withColeridgehelpedtolaunchtheRomanticAgeinEnglishliteraturewiththe1798jointpublicationLyricalBallads.《抒情歌谣集》,thePreludeisconsideredasthedeclarationofRomanticism英国浪漫主义的宣言.
作品:
①
Theme:
1.Natureembodieshumanbeingsintheirdiversecircumstance.Itisnaturethatgiveshim“strengthandknowledgefullofpeace”
2.Itisblisstorecallthebeautyofnatureinpoetmindwhileheisinsolitude.
Comment:
Thepoetisverycheerfulwithrecallingthebeautifulsights.Inthepoemonthebeautyofnature,thereaderispresentedavividpictureoflivelyandlovelydaffodils(水仙)andpoet’sphilosophicalideasandmysticalthoughts.
②LinesComposedAFewMilesAboveTinternAbbey丁登寺杂咏
③Ode:
IntimationsofImmortality不朽颂
④TheSolitaryReaper孤独的割麦女
⑤LucyPoems露西
⑥
SamuelTaylorColeridge塞缪尔•泰勒•科尔律治1772~1834
TheLakePoets
Englishlyricalpoet,critic,andphilosopher,whoseLyricalBallads,writtenwithWordsworth,startedtheEnglishRomanticmovement.
作品:
①
②
③
Artisticfeatures:
mysticism,demonismwithstrongimagination,astrangeterritory
④
⑤
⑥
⑦文学评论著作《文学传记》(BiographiaLiterature)
JaneAusten简•奥斯丁1775~1817l
Shecomparedherworkstoafineengravinguponaliterarypieceofivoryonlyinchessquire.
作品:
①
②
③
④
⑤
⑥
IntheopeningofPrideAndPrejudice,JaneAustenstates:
“Itisatruthuniversallyacknowledged,thatasinglemaninpossessionofagoodfortune,mustbeinwantofawife”.Peoplemarryformanyreasons,includingconvenience,love,infatuation,andcompanionshipthroughoutthenovel.
浪漫主义诗人二
GeorgeGordonByron乔治•戈登•拜伦1788~1824
●ThemostrenownedEnglish-languagepoetofhisday.
●Hisbest-knownworksarethenarrativepoemsChildeHarold'sPilgrimageandDonJuan.
●Byron'sfamerestsalsoonhislife,whichfeaturedextravagantliving,numerousloveaffairs,debts,separation,allegationsofincestandbisexualityandaneventualdeathfromfeverafterhetravelledtofightontheGreeksideintheGreekWarofIndependence.
作品:
①
②
③
诗歌:
PersyByssheShelley波西•比希•雪莱1792~1822
评价:
▪oneofthemajorEnglishRomanticpoets
▪iscriticallyregardedamongthefinestlyricpoetsintheEnglishlanguage
▪ShelleywasfamousforhisassociationwithJohnKeatsandLordByron.
作品:
Theme:
thedramacelebraiesman’svictoryovertyrannyandoppression
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