级大学英语英语摸底考试试题.docx
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级大学英语英语摸底考试试题.docx
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级大学英语英语摸底考试试题
卷号:
总分
核分人
二O一二—二O一三学年第一学期
大学英语四级试题
(2011级非英语专业本科)(闭)卷
题号
一
二
三
四
五
六
七
八
九
十
题分
10
25
40
10
15
得分
注意:
学号、姓名和所在年级班级不写、不写全或写在密封线外者,试卷作废。
PartIFastReading(15minutes)(10×1’=10’)
Directions:
Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsontheAnswerSheet.
AnimalsontheMove
Itlookedlikeascenefrom“Jaws”butwithoutthedramaticmusic.Ahugesharkwasslowlyswimmingthroughthewater,itstailswingingbackandforthlikethependulumofaclock.
Suddenlysensitivenerveendingintheshark’sskinpickedupvibrationsofastrugglingfish.Thesharkwasimmediatelytransformedintoadeadly,efficientmachineofdeath.Withmusclestaut,thesharkknifedthroughthewateratarapidspeed.Inaflashthesharkcaughtitsvictim,alargefish,initspowerfuljaws.Then,jerkingitsheadbackandforth,thesharktorehugechunksoffleshfromitsvictimandswallowedthem.Soontheactionwasover.
MovingtoSurvive
Inpursuingitsprey,thesharkdemonstratedinadramaticwaytheimportantroleofmovement,orlocomotion,inanimals.
Liketheshark,mostanimalsusemovementtofindfood.Theyalsouselocomotiontoescapeenemies,findamate,andexplorenewterritories.Themethodsoflocomotionincludecrawling,hopping,slithering,flying,swimming,orwalking.
Humanshavetheaddedadvantageofusingtheirvariousinventionstomoveaboutinjustaboutanykindofenvironment.Automobiles,rockets,andsubmarinestransporthumansfromdeepoceanstoasfarawayasthemoon.However,forotheranimalsmovementcameaboutnaturallythroughmillionsofyearsofevolution.Oneofthemostsuccessfulexamplesofanimallocomotionisthatoftheshark.Itsabilitytoquicklyzeroinonitspreyhasalwaysimpressedscientists.ButittookadetailedstudybyDukeUniversitymarinebiologistsS.A.Wainwright,F.Vosburgh,andJ.H.Hebranktofindouthowthesharksdidit.IntheirstudythescientistsobservedsharksswimminginatankatMarinelandinSaintAugustine,Fla.Moviesweretakenofthesharks’movementsandanalyzed.Studieswerealsomadeofsharkskinandmuscle.
SkinIstheKey
Thebiologistsdiscoveredthattheskinofthesharkisthekeytotheanimal’shighefficiencyinswimmingthroughthewater.Theskincontainsmanyfibersthatcrisscrossliketheinsideofabeltedradialtire.Thefibersarecalledcollagenfibers.Thesefiberscaneitherstoreorreleaselargeamountsofenergydependingonwhetherthefibersarerelaxedortaut.Whenthefibersarestretched,energyisstoredinthemthewayenergyisstoredinthestringofabowwhenpulledtight.Whentheenergyisreleased,thefibersbecomerelaxed.
TheDukeUniversitybiologistshavefoundthatthegreateststretchingoccurswherethesharkbendsitsbodywhileswimming.Duringthebody’sbackandforthmotion,fibersalongtheoutsidepartofthebendingbodystretchgreatly.Muchpotentialenergyisstoredinthefibers.Thisenergyisreleasedwhentheshark’sbodysnapsbacktheotherway.
Asenergyisalternatelystoredandreleasedonbothsidesoftheanimal’sbody,thetailwhipsstronglybackandforth.Thiswhip-likeactionpropelstheanimalthroughthewaterlikealivingbullet.
SourceofEnergy
Whatcausesthefiberstostoresomuchenergy?
InfindingtheanswertheDukeUniversityscientistslearnedthattheshark’ssimilaritytoabeltedradialtiredoesn’tstopwiththeskin.Justasaradialtireisinflatedbypressure,so,too,istheareajustundertheshark’scollagen“radials”.Insteadofairpressure,however,thepressureinthesharkmaybeduetotheforceofthebloodpressingonthecollagenfibers.
Whenthesharkswimsslowly,thepressureonthefibersisrelativelylow.Thefibersaremorerelaxed,andthesharkisabletobenditsbodyatsharpangles.Theanimalswimsthiswaywhenlookingaroundforfoodorjustswimming.However,whenthesharkdetectsanimportantfoodsource,somefantasticinvoluntarychangestakeplace.
Thepressureinsidetheanimalmayincreaseby10times.Thispressurechangegreatlystretchesthefibers,enablingmuchenergytobestored.
Thisenergyisthentransferredtothetail,andthesharkisoff.Therestofthestoryispredictable.
DolphinHasSpeedRecord
Anotherfastmarineanimalisthedolphin.Thisseagoingmammalhasbeenclockedatspeedsof32kilometers(20miles)anhour.Biologistsstudyingthedolphinhavediscoveredthat,liketheshark,theanimal’sefficientlocomotioncanbetracedtoitsskin.Adolphin’sskinismadeupinsuchawaythatitoffersverylittleresistancetothewaterflowingoverit.Normallywhenafishorotherobjectmovesslowlythroughthewater,thewaterflowssmoothlypastthebody.Thissmoothflowisknownaslaminarflow.However,atfasterspeedsthewaterbecomesmoreturbulentalongthemovingfish.Thisturbulencemusesfrictionandslowsthefishdown.
Inadolphintheskinissoflexiblethatitbendsandyieldstothewavinessofthewater.
Thewaves,ineffect,becometuckedintotheskin’sfolds.Thisallowstherestofthewatertomovesmoothlybyinalaminarflow.Whereotheranimalswouldbeslowedbyturbulentwateratrapidspeeds,thedolphincanracethroughthewateratrecordbreakingspeeds.
OtherAnimalsLessEfficient
Notallanimalsmoveasefficientlyassharksanddolphins.Perhapsthegreatestloserinlocomotionefficiencyistheslug.Theslug,whichlookslikeasnailwithoutashell,laysdownaslimytrailoverwhichitcrawls.Itusessomuchenergyproducingtheslimymucus(粘液)andcrawlingoveritthatamousetravelingthesamedistanceusesonlyonetwelfthasmuchenergy.
Scientistssaythatbecauseoftheslug’sinefficientuseofenergy,itslifestylemustberestricted.Thatis,theanimalsareforcedtoconfinethemselvestosmallareasforobtainingfoodandfindingproperlivingconditions.Havehumanseverbeenfacedwiththiskindofproblem?
1.Accordingtothepassage,asharkcanusemovementtodosomethingexcept_________.
A)tofindfood.
B)toavoidbeingchasedbyitsenemies.
C)tofindanewplacetolive.
D)toshowitsbraveness.
2.Examplesofautomobiles,rocketsandsubmarinesareusedtoshowthat_________.
A)humansarethemostcleverlivingcreaturesintheworld.
B)humaninventionsenableustotravelinalmostanykindofenvironment.
C)humansareverysuccessfulininventingtransportationtools.
D)humanscan’tmovelikeotheranimalsinanycircumstances.
3.Whatisthekeytotheshark’sswiftlocomotioninwater?
A)Theskin.B)Thetail.C)Themuscle.D)Thejaw.
4.AccordingtotheDukeUniversityscientists,whendoesthesharkstretchitscollagenfiberstothegreatestextent?
A)Whenmovingitstailrapidly.B)Whenfindingitspreys.
C)Whenstayingwithoutanymovement.D)Whenbendingitsbodyinswimming.
5.Whyistheareajustundertheshark’scollagenfiberssimilartoabeltedradialtire?
A)Becauseitisalsofullofbloodpressure.
B)Becauseitisalsofilledofairpressure.
C)Becauseitisalsoinflatedbypressure.
D)Becauseitalsocanbeusedagainandagain.
6.Alaminarflowisformedwhenafishswims________________.
A)slowlythroughthewater.B)rapidlythroughthewater.
C)againstthecurrent.D)atthefastestspeedinwater.
7.Consumingtheequalamountofenergyasaslugdoes,amousecantravel__aslongasit.
A)onetwelfthtimes.B)thesame.C)12times.D)1.2times.
8.Whenthesharkswimsslowly,thepressureonthefibersisrelatively_______.
A)highB)bigC)lowD)thesame
9.Dolphinhasbeenclockedatspeedsof___anhour.
A)32kilometersB)20kilometersC)32milesD)12miles
10.Scientistssaythatbecauseofthe___’sinefficientuseofenergy,itslifestylemustberestricted.
A)dolphinB)sharkC)slugD)mouse
PartIIListeningComprehension(25minutes)(25’)
SectionA(15×1’=15’)
Directions:
Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.
11.A)Talkingaboutsports.B)Writinguplocalnews.
C)ReadingnewspapersD)Puttingupadvertisements.
12.A)Shemadeamistakebytakingtoofewcoursesinthefirstterm.
B)Thecoursesshetookweretoodifficultforher.
C)Shetooktoomanycoursesduringherfirstterm.
D)Shefounditdifficultdealingwithcollegecourses.
13.A)Hecan’taffordtobuyanewcar.
B)Hehaspaidforthecarbyregularinstallments.
C)Hewillbuythecarassoonashegetsthecash.
D)Hehasalreadymadethedownpaymentonthecar.
14.A)Toattendapartyataclassmate’shome.
B)Todohomeworkwithherclassmate.
C)Toattendaneveningclass.
D)Tohavesupperoutwithherclassmate.
15.A)Themanagreeswiththewoman.
B)Themanisannoyedbythewoman.
C)Themandisagreeswiththewoman.
D)Themanexpressesnoopiniononthewoman’sremark.
16.A)Hecan’tfindabigapartment.
B)Hehadabiggerapartmentbefore.
C)Hefindsthenewapartmenttoobigforhim.
D)He’shavingahardtimefindinganewapartment.
17.A)Thewomandoesnotwanttogotothemovies.
B)Themanistootiredtogotothemovies.
C)Thewomanwantstogotothemovies.
D)Themanwantstogooutfordinner.
18.A)HethoughtDr.Parke
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