考研英语一真题及答案.docx
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考研英语一真题及答案.docx
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考研英语一真题及答案
【完形】
Directions:
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)
Eveniffamiliesdon'tsitdowntoeattogetherasfrequentlyasbefore,millionsofBritonswillnonethelesshavegotasharethisweekendofoneofthatnation'sgreattraditions:
theSundayroast.1acoldwinter'sday,fewculinarypleasurescan2it.Yetaswereportnow.Thefoodpolicearedeterminedourhealth.Thatthis3shouldberenderedyetanotherquiltypleasure4todamageourhealth.
TheFoodStandardsAuthority(FSA)has5apublicwormingabouttherisksofacompoundcalledacrylamidethatformsinsomefoodscooked6hightemperatures.Thismeansthatpeopleshould7crispingtheirroastpotatoes,rejectthin-crustpizzasandonly8toasttheirbread.Butwhereistheevidencetosupportsuchadarmlistadvice?
9studieshaveshownthatacrylamidecancauseneurologicaldamageinmice,thereisno10evidencethatitcausescancerinhumans.
Scientistssaythecompoundis11tocausecancerbuthavenohardscientificproof12theprecautionaryprincipleitcouldbearguedthatitis13tofollowtheFSAadvice.14itwasrumourdedthatsmokingcausedcancerforyearsbeforetheevidencewasfoundtoprovea15
Doubtlessapieceofboiledfeefcanalwaysbe16uponSundayalongsidesomesteamedvegetables,withouttheYorkshirepuddingandnowine.Butwouldlifebeworthliving?
17,theFSAsaysitisnottellingpeopletocutoutroastfoods18,butreducetheirlifetimeintake.Howeverits19riskscomingacrossasbeingpushyandoverprotective.Constanthealthscaresjust20withnoonelistening.
1.[A]In[B]Towards[C]on[D]Till
2.[A]match[B]express[C]satisfy[D]influence
3.[A]patience[B]enjoyment[C]surprise[D]concem
4.[A]intensified[B]privileged[C]compelled[D]guaranteed
5.[A]issued[B]received[C]ignored[D]cancelled
6.[A]under[B]at[C]for[D]by
7.[A]forget[B]regret[C]finish[D]avoid
8.[A]partially[B]regularly[C]easily[D]initially
9.[A]Unless[B]Since[C]If[D]While
10.[A]secondary[B]extermal[C]conclusive[D]negative
11.[A]insufficient[B]bound[C]likely[D]slow
12.[A]Onthebasisof[B]Atthecostof[C]Inadditionto[D]Incontrastto
13.[A]interesting[B]advisable[C]urgent[D]fortunate
14.[A]Asusual[B]Inparticular[C]Bydefinition[D]Afterall
15.[A]resemblance[B]combination[C]connection[D]pattern
16.[A]made[B]served[C]saved[D]used
17.[A]Tobefair[B]Forinstance[C]Tobebrief[D]Ingeneral
18.[A]reluctantly[B]entirely[C]gradually[D]carefully
19.[A]promise[B]experience[C]campaign[D]competition
20.[A]followup[B]pickup[C]openup[D]endup
答案(1-20)
1.on
2.match
3.enjoyment
4.intensified
5.issued
6.at
7.avoid
8.easily
9.while
10.conclusive
11.bound
12.onthebasisof
13.advisable
14.afterall
15.connection
16.served
17.tobefair
18.entirely
19.campaign
20.endup
【阅读】
SectionIIIReadingComprehension
PartADirections:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)
Text1
AgroupoflabourMPs,amongthemYvetteCooper,arebringinginthenewyearwithacalltoinstituteaUK"townofculture"award.Theproposalisthatitshouldsitalongsidetheexistingcityofculturetitle,whichwasheldbyHullin2017andhasbeenawardedtoCoventryforZozl.CooperandhercolleaguesarguethatthesuccessofthecrownforHull,whereitbroughtin220mofinvestmentandanavalacheofarts,outnottobeconfinedtocities.Britain'town,itistruearenotpreventedfromapplying,buttheygenerallylacktheresourcestoputtogetherabittobeattheirbiggercompetitions.Atownofcultureawardcould,itisargued,becomeanannualevent,attractingfundingandcreatingjobs.
SomemightseetheproposalasaboobyprizeforthefactthatBritainisnolongerbeabletoapplyforthemuchmoreprestigioustitleofEuropeancapitalofculture,asought-afterawardbaggedbyGlasgowin1990andLivorpoolin2008."AcynicmightspeculatethattheUKisonthevergeofdisappearingintoanendlessfeverofself-celebrationinitsdesperationtoreinventitselfforthepost-Brexitworld:
aftertownofculture,whoknowsthatwillfollow-villageofculture?
Suburbofculture?
Hamletofculture?
Itisalsowisetorecallthatsuchtitlesarenotacure-all.Abadlyrun"yearofculture"washesinandoutofaplacelikethetide,bringingprominenceforaspellbutleavingnolastingbenefitstothecommunity.Thereallysuccessfulholdersofsuchtitlesarethosethatdoagreatdealmorethanfillhotelbedroomsandbringinhigh-profileartseventsandgoodpressforayear.Theytransformtheaspirationsofthepeoplewholivethere;theynudgetheself-imageofthecityintoabolderandmoreoptimisticlight.
Itishardtogetright,andrequiresaremarkabledegreeofvision,aswellascooperationbetweencityauthorities,theprivatesector,communitygroupsandculturalorganisations.Butitcanbedone:
Glasgow'syearasEuropeancapitalofculturecancertainlybeseenasoneofcomplexseriesoffactorsthathaveturnedthecityintothepowerofart,musicandtheatrethatitremainstoday.
A"townofculture"couldbenotjustabouttheartsbutabouthonouringatown'speculiarities-helpingsustainitshighstreet,supportinglocalfacilitiesandaboveallcelebratingitspeopleandturnitintoaction.
21.Cooperandhercolleaguesarguethata"townofculture"awardcould
[A]consolidatethetown-citytiesinBritain.
[B]promotecooperationamongBritain'stowns.
[C]increasetheeconomicstrengthofBritain'stowns.
[D]focusBritain'slimitedresourcesonculturalevents.
22.AccordingtoParagraph2,theproposalmightberegardedbysomeas
[A]asensiblecompromise.
[B]aself-deceivingattempt.
[C]aneye-cotchingbonus.
[D]aninaccessibletarget.
23.Theauthorsuggeststhatatitleholderissuccessfulonlyifit
[A]endeavourstomaintainitsimage.
[B]meetstheaspirationsofitspeople.
[C]bringsitslocalartstoprominence.
[D]commitstoitslong-termgrowth.
24.GlasgowismentionedinParagraph3topresent
[A]acontrastingcase.
[B]asupportingexample.
[C]abackgroundstory.
[D]arelatedtopic.
25.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardstheproposal?
[A]Skeptical
[B]Objective
[C]Favourable
[D]Critical
答案(21-25)
21.DfocusBritain'slimitedresourcesonculturalevents.
22.Baself-deceivingattempt.
23.Dcommitstoitslong-termgrowth.
24.Basupportingexample.
25.CFavourable.
Text2
Scientificpublishinghaslongbeenalicencetoprintmoney,Scientistsneedjournalsinwhichtopublishtheirresearch,sotheywillsupplythearticleswithoutmonetaryreward.Otherscientistsperformthespecialisedworkofpeerreviewalsoforfree,becauseitisacentralelementintheacquisitionofstatusandtheproductionofscientificknowledge.
Withthecontentofpaperssecuredforfree,thepublisherneedsonlyfindamarketforitsjournal.Untilthiscentury,universitylibrarieswerenotverypricesensitive.Scientificpublishersroutinelyreportprofitmarginsapproaching40%ontheiroperations,atatimewhentherestofthepublishingindustryisinanexistentialcrisis.
TheDutchgiantElsevier,whichclaimstopublish25%ofthescientificpapersproducedintheworld,madeprofitsofmorethanf900mlastyear,whileUKuniversitiesalonespentmorethanf210min2016toenableresearcherstoaccesstheirownpubliclyfundedresearch;bothfiguresseemtoriseunstoppablydespiteincreasinglydesperateeffortstochangethem.Themostdrastic,andthoroughlyillegal,reactionhasbeentheemergenceofSci-Hub,akindofglobalphotocopierforscientificpapers,setupin2012,whichnowclaimstoofferaccesstoeverypaywalledarticlepublishedsince2015.ThesuccessofSci-Hub,whichreliesonresearcherspassingoncopiestheyhavethemselveslegallyaccessed,showsthelegalecosystemhaslostlegitimacyamongitsusersandmustbetransformedsothatitworksforallparticipants.
InBritainthemovetowardsopenaccesspublishinghasbeendrivenbyfundingbodies.Insomewaysithasbeenverysuccessful.MorethanhalfofallBritishscientificresearchisnowpublishedunderopenaccessterms;eitherfreelyavailablefromthemomentofpublication,orpaywalledforayearormoresothatthepublisherscanmakeaprofitbeforebeingplacedongeneralrelease.
Yetthenewsystemhasnotworkedoutanycheaperfortheuniversities.Publishershaverespondedtothedemandthattheymaketheirproductfreetoreadersbychargingtheirwritersfeestocoverthecostsofpreparinganarticle.Theserangefromaround500to$5,000.Areportlastyearpointedoutthatthecostsbothofsubscriptionsandofthese"articlepreparationcosts"hadbeensteadilyrisingatarateaboveinflation.
Insomewaysthescientificpublishingmodelresemblestheeconomyofthesocialinternet:
labourisprovidedfreeinexchangeforthehopeofstatus,whilehugeprofitsaremadebyafewbigfirmswhorunthemarketplaces.Inbothcases,weneedarebalancingofpower.
26.Scientificpublishingisseenas"alicencetoprintmoney"partlybecause
[A]itsfundinghasenjoyedasteadyincrease.
[B]itsmarketingstrategyhasbeensuccessful.
[C]itspaymentforpeerreviewisreduced.
[D]itscontentacquisitioncostsnothing.!
27.AccordingtoParagraphs2and3,scientificpublishersElsevierhave
[A]thrivedmainlyonu
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