中国文化英语教程复习课件综合版.docx
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中国文化英语教程复习课件综合版.docx
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中国文化英语教程复习课件综合版
ReviewOutlinefor"EnglishIntroductiontoChineseCultureCourse"
Overview&Introduction:
Seethepictureontheright,anddescribetheminEnglish.
Video:
ThisisChina
BBC:
WildChina
FullNameofChina:
PRC-People'sRepublicofChina
NationalFlag:
theredfive-starflag
Partyinpower:
CPC-CommunistPartyofChina
CPPCC-ChinesePeople'sPoliticalConsultativeConference
NationalEmblem
Keywords:
ForbiddenCity/ImperialPalace;
TempleofHeaven;
SummerPalace;
MingTombs;
Theworld-renownedBadalingsectionoftheGreatWall;
tobeaddedmore...
Enjoyvideos:
NBC北京奥运会片头
《北京欢迎你》
Geography
Location
SoutheastAsia,thePacificOcean,theworld‘sthirdlargestcountry.
9.6millionsquarekilometers,18,000kilometers,arooster.
northernend:
Mohe,HeilongjiangProvince,
south:
ZengmuAnsha
west:
Pamirs
east:
theconjunctionoftheHeilongjiang(Amur)RiverandtheWusuli(Ussuri)River.
Boundary
East:
Korea
North:
Mongalia
Northeast:
Russia
Northwest:
Russia,Kazakhstan,Kyrgyzstan,Tajikistan
West&Southwest:
Afghanistan,Pakistan,India,Nepal,Bhutan
South:
Myanmar,Laos,Vietnam
Marine-sideneighborsincludeeightcountries--NorthKorea,Korea,Japan,Philippines,Brunei,Indonesia,MalaysiaandVietnam.
Topography
Terrain
--ThevastlandexpansesofChinaincludeplateaus,plains,basins,foothills,andmountains.
Laddertopography(4stepsofastaircase)
---FirstStep:
Qinghai-TibetPlateau,withanaverageelevationofabout4,000metres.Thehighestpeak:
Mt.Everest(Mt.Qomolangma)
Thesecondstep:
largebasinsandplateaus,mostofwhichare1,000-2,000metershigh.
--theInnerMongoliaPlateau;theLoessPlateau;theYunnan-GuizhouPlateau;theTarimBasin;theJunggarBasin;theSichuanBasin.Enjoythefollowingpictures.
Thethirdstep:
thefoothillsandlowermountains,withaltitudesofover500meters.
Thefourthstep:
alongthesea;acontinentalshelf.
RiversandLakes
Morethan50,000rivershavedrainageareasthatexceed100squarekilometers;morethan1,500exceed1,000squarekilometers.
Famousrivers
TheYangtze,thelongestinChinaandeveninAsia,isthethird-longestintheworld.
TheYellowRiver,'MotherRiveroftheChinesePeople',isjustbehindtheYangtze,bothflowingintothePacificOcean.
Lakes
Middle-LowerYangtzePlainandQinghai-TibetPlateau——mostLakeshere
---InsoutheastChina,mostlakesarefreshwater.PoyangLake,DongtingLake,TaihuLakeandHongzeLakeareallfreshwaterlakes.
---QinghaiLake,thelargest,abeautifulnaturalsalt-waterlake.
NamCoLake,saltwaterlake
Man-madeCanals:
theGrandCanalbetweenBeijingandHangzhou.
Climate
Temperature(fromsouthtonorth):
Equatorial--tropical--subtropical--warm-temperate--temperate--cold-temperatezones.
Precipitation:
gradullydeclinesfromthesouthesterntothenorthesterninlandarea.
AnOutlineHistory
Chinesepeople:
thedescendantsofYanandHuang.
ThreeSovereigns:
Fuxi(伏羲)
Nüwa(女媧)
Shennong(神農)
Yao:
Lunarcalendar
Shun:
amanwithgreatvirtues
YutheGreat:
conqueringthefloods;founderof
XiaDynasty
QinShiHuang:
thefirstemperorofChina
AdministrativeDivisions
Athree-tiersystem:
provinces,counties,townships.
23provinces;5autonomousregions;
4municipalitiesdirectlyunderthecontroloftheCentralGovernment;
2specialadministrativeregions(SARs)
Population
Huge;No.1intheworld;
Unevenlydistributed;populationsdensity;
Thepolicyof“familyplanning”or“onechildpolicy”
Birthrate;mortalityrate
EthnicGroups
56ethnicgroups:
Hannationalityandother
55minorityethnicgroups;
PoliticalSystem
Fundamentallaw:
TheConstitutionofthePeople’sRepublicofChina
Highestorganofstatepower:
theNPC(NationalPeople’sCongress);NPCanditsStandingCommitteehavetherightsoflegislation,decision,supervision,electionandremoval
Parties:
Communistparty;eightdemocraticparties.
Executivebody:
theStateCouncil
ChinesePhilosophy
acollectivedesignationforvariousschoolsofthoughts,amongwhichtheConfucianism,TaoismandBuddhismarethemostinfluentialinChineseculture.
Oneofthethreephilosophysystemsintheworld.(theothertwo:
WesternandIndianphilosophy)
Origin:
Xia,Shang,andZhoudynasties.YiJing("theBookofChanges)
prosperity:
theSpringandAutumnPeriod;theWarringStatesPeriod."Ahundredschoolsofthoughtcontend"(百家争鸣)
TheDevelopmentofAncientChinesePhilosophy
ThePhilosophyinPre-Qintimes(先秦子学)
TheorthodoxPhilosophyduringtheHanDynasty(两汉经学)
MetaphysicsduringtheWeiandJinDynasties(魏晋玄学)
TheBuddhistPhilosophyduringtheSuiandTangDynasties(隋唐佛学)
Neo-ConfucianisminSongandMingDynasties(宋明理学)
ApplicationPhilosophyintheMingandQingDunasties(明清实学)
ThePhilosophyinPre-Qintimes
Hundredschoolsofthoughts(诸子百家)
Mainrepresentations:
Confucianism(儒家);Taoism(道家);Mohism(墨家);Legalism(法家);SchoolofYin-yang(阴阳家);Logicians(名家);SchoolofAgriculture(农家);SchoolofDiplomacy(纵横家);TheMiscellaneousSchool(杂家);Schoolof"Minor-talks"(小说家);SchooloftheMilitary(兵家)
Mostinfluential:
Confucianism(儒家);Taoism(道家);Mohism(墨家);Legalism(法家)
Confucianism:
ConfuciusMencius
Confucianism:
TheAnalects(LunYu)
SomewellknownConfucianquotes:
"Toknowyourfaultsandbeabletochangeisthegreatestvirtue."(“知错能改,善莫大焉”)
"Whatyoudonotwishforyourself,donotdotoothers."(“己所不欲,勿施于人”)
"Knowledgeisrecognizingwhatyouknowandwhatyoudon't."(“知之为知之,不知为不知,是知也”)
"Reviewingtheday'slessons.Isn'titjoyful?
Friendscomefromfar.Isn'titdelightful?
Onehasneverbeenangryatother'smisunderstanding.Isn'thearespectableman?
"
(“学而时习之,不亦说乎?
有朋自远方来,不亦乐乎?
人不知而不愠,不亦君子乎?
”)
ConfucianThoughtsonHeavenandHumanity
"Heavendoesnotspeakinwords.Itspeaksthroughtherotationofthefourseasonsandthegrowthofalllivingthings.("天何言哉?
四时行焉,百物生焉,天何言哉?
“)
Confucian"Heaven"alsohadacertainsacredelement,whichwasrelatedtoitbeingthesourceoflife.ThusConfuciusrequiredpeopletoholdHeaveninawe.
---天人合一的哲学基础。
Confucian"Heaven"wasnotaasupernatural,personifieddeity,butwastheworldofever-generatinglife.ThushumanshouldtaketoheartthepurposeofHeavenbycherishinglife.
"ignorantanddisrespectfulofone'sheavenlymission"(不知天命而不畏)--“HewhooffendsagainstHeavenhasnonetowhomhecanpray"("获罪于天,无所祷也”)
Question:
What'sthesignificanceandenlightenmentofthisbelieftoourmodernsociety?
(Respectothercreature'slife;protectoutnature)
ConfuciusonPeople:
ren(仁)andli(礼)
ren:
Loveofpeople.(仁者爱人);Universallove(“泛爱众,而亲仁”)Sometranslateitas"benevolence".
Toloveallshouldbeginwithlovingone'sparents."Filialpiety(孝)andfraternalduty(悌)aretheessenceofren.TheDoctrineoftheMean(《中庸》)quotes:
"Thegreatestloveforpeopleistheloveforone'sparents."(仁者,人也,亲亲为大)
“Childrenshouldnottravelfarwhiletheirparentsarealive.Iftheyhavenochoicebuttodoso,theymustretainsomerestraint"(父母在,不远游,游必有方)
Li:
rituals,traditionsandnormsinsociallife.
Confuciusplacedemphasisonliwiththeaimofpreservingsocialorder,stabilityandharmony.TheAnalectssays,"Theroleofliistomaintainharmonyamongpeople."(“礼之用,和为贵”)
ConfuciusontheStateofLife:
thefirstoneinChinesehistorytoinitiateprivateeducation.
3000disciples.72ofthemexcelledinthe"sixarts“,i.e.,ritual(礼),music(乐),archery(射),(carriage)driving(御),calligraphy(书),andmathematics(数)."Sageofsages".
Goalofeducation:
cultivate"personsofvirtue".
Generalprinciplesofeducation:
loftyideals,greatvirtue,loveofpeople,andthe"sixarts".Ofthese,whichoneisthemostimportant?
Virtue.
Thehigheststateoflife:
harmonyamongpeopleandharmonybetweenpeopleandnature.
Taoism
Daodejingquotes:
♥道可道,非常道。
名可名,非常名。
无名天地之始;有名万物之母。
♥宠辱若惊,贵大患若身。
何谓宠辱若惊?
宠为下,得之若惊,失之若惊,是谓宠辱若惊。
♥上善若水。
水善利万物而不争,处众人之所恶,故几于道。
居善地,心善渊,与善仁,言善信,政善治,事善能,动善时。
夫唯不争,故无尤。
♥有物混成,先天地生。
寂兮寥兮,独立而不改,周行而不殆,可以为天地母。
吾不知其名,强字之曰道,强为之名曰大。
大曰逝,逝曰远,远曰反。
故道大,天大,地大,人亦大。
域中有四大,而人居其一焉。
人法地,地法天,天法道,道法自然。
Laozi'sphilosophy:
♥NaturalnessandNon-action(自然,无为):
"Greatingenuityappearstobestupidity"(大智若愚);
♥Non-contention(不争):
“overcomingthestrongbybeingweak"(以柔弱胜刚强);"Thegreatestvirtueislikewater"(上善若水);”Waternourisheseverythingbutcontendsfornothing"(水善万物而不争)
♥Returningtoanewbornstate(回到婴儿状态)
TheorthodoxPhilosophyduringtheHanDynasty
EmperorWudiDongZhongShu
Thecampaignof"banningallschoolsofthoughtexceptConfucianism“
(罢黜百家,独尊儒术)
ThepoweroftheemperorsareauthorizedbyHeaven(君权神授)
HeavenaffectshumanaffairsandhumanbehaviorfindsresponseinHeaven(天人感应)
Humanmoralconduct,andthepoliticalandsocialupheaval,inturn,willeffectchangesinHeaven.
MetaphysicsduringtheWeiandJinDynasties
"Threeprofoundstudies(三玄)":
TheBookofChanges(《易经》);LaoZi(《老子》);ZhuangZi(《庄子》)
Neo-ConfucianisminSongandMingDynasties
theSchoolofPrinciple(理学):
ZhouDunyi(周敦颐),ZhuXi(朱熹);
theSchoolofMind(心学):
LuJiuyuan(陆九渊),WangShouren(王守仁)
ApplicationphilosophyintheMingandQingDynasties
Focuson"self-examination".
Sticktotheapplicationofphilosophyonthestateaffairs.
TheBasicFeaturesofAncientChinesePhilosophy
Fivestresses:
Spiritualexistence;Practice;Morality;Harmony;Intuition
CharacteristicsofChineseEthicsandMorality
Seekingharmonyandmaintainingequilibrium(平衡)
Collectivismoverindividualism
Spirituallifeovermateriallife
ChineseReligions:
IndigenousTaoistreligion;
Religionsofforeignorigins:
Buddhism,IslamandChristianity.
TheTaoistReligion
“TheChineserootsaredeepinTaois
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