武汉微博教育整理分享计算机英语第三版课后答案二.docx
- 文档编号:11274021
- 上传时间:2023-02-26
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:17
- 大小:22.96KB
武汉微博教育整理分享计算机英语第三版课后答案二.docx
《武汉微博教育整理分享计算机英语第三版课后答案二.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《武汉微博教育整理分享计算机英语第三版课后答案二.docx(17页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
武汉微博教育整理分享计算机英语第三版课后答案二
武汉微博教育整理分享—计算机英语第三版课后答案
(二)
课后答案
Unit4
ComputerLanguageandProgramming
SectionA
I.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:
1.artificial;instructions
2.low-level;high-level
3.low-level
4.Machine
5.functional;logic
6.Statement
7.Module
8.digital
II.TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:
1.storageregister存储寄存器
2.functionstatement函数语句
3.programstatement程序语句
4.object-orientedlanguage面向对象语言
5.assemblylanguage汇编语言
6.intermediatelanguage中间语言,中级语言
7.relationallanguage关系(型)语言
8.artificiallanguage人造语言
9.datadeclaration数据声明
10.SQL结构化查询语言
11.executableprogram可执行程序
12.programmodule程序模块
13.conditionalstatement条件语句
14.assignmentstatement赋值语句
15.logiclanguage逻辑语言
16.machinelanguage机器语言
17.functionallanguage函数式语言
18.programminglanguage程序设计语言
19.runacomputerprogram运行计算机程序
20.computerprogrammer计算机程序设计员
III.Fillineachoftheblankswithoneofthewordsgiveninthefollowinglist,makingchangesifnecessary:
Aprogramminglanguageisalanguageusedtowriteinstructionsforthecomputer.Itletstheprogrammerexpressdataprocessinginasymbolicmannerwithoutregardtomachine-specificdetails.
Thedifficultyofwritingprogramsinthemachinelanguageof0sand1sledfirsttothedevelopmentofassemblylanguage,whichallowsprogrammerstousemnemonicsforinstructionsandsymbolsforvariables.Suchprogramsarethentranslatedbyaprogramknownasanassemblerintothebinaryencodingusedbythecomputer.Otherpiecesofsystemsoftwareknownaslinkingloaderscombinepiecesofassembledcodeandloadthemintothemachine’smainmemoryunit,wheretheyarethenreadyforexecution.Theconceptoflinkingseparatepiecesofcodewasimportant,sinceitallowed“libraries”ofprogramstobebuiltuptocarryoutcommontasks—afirststeptowardtheincreasinglyemphasizednotionofsoftwarereuse.Assemblylanguagewasfoundtobesufficientlyinconvenientthathigher-levellanguages(closertonaturallanguages)wereinventedinthe1950sforeasier,fasterprogramming;alongwiththemcametheneedforcompilers,programsthattranslatehigh-levellanguageprogramsintomachinecode.Asprogramminglanguagesbecamemorepowerfulandabstract,buildingefficientcompilersthatcreatehigh-qualitycodeintermsofexecutionspeedandstorageconsumptionbecameaninterestingcomputerscienceprobleminitself.
IV.TranslatethefollowingpassagefromEnglishintoChinese.
OneespeciallypowerfulfeatureofOOP(object-orientedprogramming)languagesisapropertywhichisknownasinheritance.Inheritanceallowsanobjecttotakeonthecharacteristicsandfunctionsofotherobjectstowhichitisfunctionallyconnected.Programmersconnectobjectsbygroupingthemtogetherindifferentclassesandbygroupingtheclassesintohierarchies.Theseclassesandhierarchiesallowprogrammerstodefinethecharacteristicsandfunctionsofobjectswithoutneedingtorepeatsourcecode,thecodedinstructionsinaprogram.Thus,usingOOPlanguagescangreatlyreducethetimeittakesforaprogrammertowriteanapplication,andalsoreducethesizeoftheprogram.OOPlanguagesareflexibleandadaptable,soprogramsorpartsofprogramscanbeusedformorethanonetask.ProgramswrittenwithOOPlanguagesaregenerallyshorterinlengthandcontainfewerbugs(缺陷),ormistakes,thanthosewrittenwithnon-OOPlanguages.
面向对象程序设计语言的一个特别强大的功能,是称为继承的特性。
继承允许一个对象获得与其具有功能联系的其他对象的属性与功能。
程序员把对象归为不同的类,并把类分成层次,以此将对象联系起来。
这些类与层次使程序员可以定义对象的属性与功能,而不必重复源代码,即程序中的编码指令。
因此,使用面向对象程序设计语言,可以大大缩短程序员编写应用程序所需的时间,也可以缩短程序长度。
面向对象程序设计语言灵活、适应性强,所以程序或程序的某些部分可用于不止一项任务。
使用面向对象程序设计语言编写的程序,比使用非面向对象程序设计语言编写的程序,一般长度短且包含的错误少。
SectionB
I.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:
1.object-oriented
2.userinterface
3.Event
4.Controls
II.TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:
1.functioncall函数调用
2.event-drivenprogramming事件驱动编程
3.clickonapushbutton点击按钮
4.applicationwindow应用程序窗口
5.classhierarchy类继承
6.childwindow子窗口
7.applicationdevelopmentenvironment应用程序开发环境
8.pull-downmenu下拉菜单
9.dialogbox对话框
10.scrollbar滚动条
SectionC
I.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:
1.Giventhearraycalledobjectwith20elements,ifyouseethetermobject10,youknowthearrayisin________form;ifyouseethetermobject[10],youknowthearrayisin________form.(subscript;index)
2.Inmostprogramminglanguages,anarrayisastaticdatastructure.Whenyoudefineanarray,thesizeis________.(fixed)
3.A(n)________isapictorialrepresentationofafrequencyarray.(histogram)
4.Anarraythatconsistsofjustrowsandcolumnsisprobablya(n)________array.(two-dimensional)
武汉微博教育
II.TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:
1.barchart条形图
2.frequencyarray频率数组
3.graphicalrepresentation图形表示
4.multidimensionalarray多维数组
5.用户视图user(’s)view
6.下标形式subscriptform
7.一维数组one-dimensionalarray
8.编程结构programmingconstruct
PARTTWO
SoftwareEngineering
Unit5
SoftwareDevelopment
SectionA
I.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:
1.application;operating
2.assemblers
3.compiler
4.interpreter
5.Debugger
6.Loop
7.devicedriver
8.JohnvonNeumann
II.TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:
1.inferenceengine推理机
2.systemcall系统调用
3.compiledlanguage编译语言
4.parallelcomputing平行计算
5.patternmatching模式匹配
6.freememory空闲内存
7.interpreterprogram解释程序
8.libraryroutine库程序
9.intermediateprogram中间程序,过渡程序
10.sourcefile源文件
11.interpretedlanguage解释(性)语言
12.devicedriver设备驱动程序
13.sourceprogram源程序
14.debuggingprogram调试程序
15.objectcode目标代码
16.applicationprogram应用程序
17.utilityprogram实用程序
18.logicprogram逻辑程序
19.inkcartridge墨盒
20.programstorageandexecution程序的存储与执行
III.Fillineachoftheblankswithoneofthewordsgiveninthefollowinglist,makingchangesifnecessary:
Acompiler,incomputerscience,isacomputerprogramthattranslatessourcecodeintoobjectcode.Softwareengineerswritesourcecodeusinghigh-levelprogramminglanguagesthatpeoplecanunderstand.Computerscannotdirectlyexecutesourcecode,butneedacompilertotranslatetheseinstructionsintoalow-levellanguagecalledmachinecode.
Compilerscollectandreorganize(compile)alltheinstructionsinagivensetofsourcecodetoproduceobjectcode.Objectcodeisoftenthesameasorsimilartoacomputer’smachinecode.Iftheobjectcodeisthesameasthemachinelanguage,thecomputercanruntheprogramimmediatelyafterthecompilerproducesitstranslation.Iftheobjectcodeisnotinmachinelanguage,otherprograms—suchasassemblers,binders(联编程序),linkers(连接程序),andloaders(装入程序)—finishthetranslation.
Mostcomputerlanguagesusedifferentversionsofcompilersfordifferenttypesofcomputersoroperatingsystems,soonelanguagemayhavedifferentcompilersforpersonalcomputers(PC)andAppleMacintoshcomputers.Manydifferentmanufacturersoftenproduceversionsofthesameprogramminglanguage,socompilersforalanguagemayvarybetweenmanufacturers.
IV.TranslatethefollowingpassagefromEnglishintoChinese.
Insoftware,abugisanerrorincodingorlogicthatcausesaprogramtomalfunctionortoproduceincorrectresults.Minorbugs—forexample,acursorthatdoesnotbehaveasexpected—canbeinconvenientorfrustrating,butnotdamagingtoinformation.Moreseverebugscancauseaprogramto“hang”(stoprespondingtocommands)andmightleavetheuserwithnoalternativebuttorestarttheprogram,losinganypreviousworkthathasnotbeensaved.Ineithercase,theprogrammermustfindandcorrecttheerrorbytheprocessknownasdebugging.Becauseofthepotentialrisktoimportantdata,commercialapplicationprogramsaretestedanddebuggedascompletelyaspossiblebeforerelease.Minorbugsfoundaftertheprogrambecomesavailablearecorrectedinthenextupdate;moreseverebugscansometimesbefixedwithspecialsoftware,calledpatches,thatcircumvents(规避)theproblemorotherwisealleviates(减轻)itseffects.
在软件中,错误是指导致程序发生故障或产生不正确结果的编码或逻辑错误。
较轻微的错误,如光标表现异常,会造成不便或带来挫折,但不会对信息产生破坏性影响。
较严重的错误会导致程序“中止”(对命令停止反应),可能使用户别无选择,只能重新启动程序,结果致使任何前面已经做好但尚未保存的工作丢失。
两种情况无论是哪一种,程序员都必须凭借称为调试的过程,发现并改正错误。
由于错误对重要数据的潜在危险,商用应用程序在发行前要经过尽可能全面的测试与调试。
程序发行后发现的较轻微错误在下一次更新时改正;较严重的错误有时可用称为补丁的特殊软件加以修补,以规避问题或减轻其影响。
SectionB
I.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:
1.OneofthedifferencesbetweenC#andJavaisthatJavarunsonanyplatformwithaJavaVirtual________whileC#onlyrunsinWindowsfortheforeseeablefuture.(Machine)
2.With.NET,Microsoftisopeningupachannelbothto________inotherprogramminglanguagesandtonon-.NET________.(developers;components)
3.J2EEisasingle-languageplatform;callsfrom/toobjectsinotherlanguagesarepossiblethrough________,butthiskindofsupportisnotaubiquitouspartoftheplatform.(CORBA)
4.Oneimportantelementofthe.NETplatformisacommonlanguage________,whichrunsbytecodesinanInternalLanguageformat.(runtime)
II.TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:
1.messagingmodel消息收发模型
2.commonlanguageruntime通用语言运行时刻(环境)
3.hierarchicalnamespace分等级层次的名称空间
4.developmentcommunity开发社区
5.CORBA公用对象请求代理(程序)体系结构
6.基本组件basecomponent
7.元数据标记metadatatag
8.虚拟机virtualmachine
9.集成开发环境IDE(integrateddevelopmentenvironment)
10.简单对象访问协议SOAP(SimpleObjectAccessProtocol)
SectionC
I.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:
1.
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 武汉 教育 整理 分享 计算机 英语 第三 课后 答案