环球雅思学校6分入学测试题.docx
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环球雅思学校6分入学测试题.docx
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环球雅思学校6分入学测试题
环球雅思学校6分入学测试题
SAPMLETEST
ReadingPassage1
Youshouldspendabout20minutesonquestions1-13,whicharebasedonreadingpassage1onthefollowingpages.
Questions1-4
Thispassagehas5sections,A-E.
Choosethecorrectheadingforeachsectionfromthelistofheadingsbelow.
Writethecorrectnumber,i-ix,inboxes1-4onyouranswersheet.
ListofHeadings
i.Possiblesolutionsputforward
ii.Bullyinghatisinternet-based
iii.TheMainstreamcommunicationamongteens
iv.Governmentasproblemsolver
v.Characteristicsofinternetthataccountfortheseverity
vi.Researchintohowcommoncyber-bullyingis
vii.Moreviewersonline,morehurtsforthevictims
viii.Disregardfrominstitutionsconcerned
ix.Threatsfromdisguisedoffenders
ExampleAnswer
ParagraphAii
1.ParagraphB
2.ParagraphC
3.ParagraphD
4.ParagraphE
ReadingTask
Cyber-bullying:
BullyingintheDigitalAge
OnOctober6th,2003,a13year-oldteenagerinVerment,America,diedbysuicideafterexcessivecyber-bullyingonlinefromhisclassmates.Hisdeathledhisfathertolobbyforlawstobepassedtoimprovehowschoolsaddressbullyingandsuicidepreventionandhistragedyuncoveredthedevastationwroughtbycyber-bullying.
Withdevelopmentintechnology,cyberbullyinghasbecomemoreandmoreprevalent.Anditalsobringsaboutincreasingchallengesforparentsandeducators.Thisbullyinginthedigitalageaffectsmillionsofchildrenthroughouttheworldeachyear.
A.
Cyber-bullying,atermonlycoinedwhenInternetbecamemoreaccessibleandaffordableforpeople,takevariousdifferentformsfromphysicalbullying,includingsendingthreateningmessages,displayingprivatemessagesandpostingembarrassingvideoandphotosonline.
“It’sschool-yardbullyingtakentothenextlevel,”saysJustinPatchin,acriminologistattheUniversityofWisconsin.Nearlythreeinfourteenssaytheywerebulliedonlineatleastonceduringarecent12-monthperiod,andonlyonein10reportedcyber-bullyingtoparentsorotheradults,accordingtoJaanaJuvonen,leaderofastudyinUniversityofCalifornia.AnotherstudybyUK-basedinternetmarketresearchfirmYouGovin2006foundthatcyber-bullyingisevenworsethanphysicalbullying.
B.
Researchintothecausesandeffectsofcyber-bullyingisstillinitsinfancy.Butitisbecomingclearthatnatureofonlinecommunicationdeterminesexactlyhowseveretheproblemis.Anunrealonlineenvironmentencouragespeopletoactaggressively,promptingthemtodothingstheywouldn’tdaretotryinreallife.What’smore,theabilitytoreachmorepeople,andthealways-oncultureoftheinternet,meansthatcyber-bullyingcanhaveanevenmoredetrimentaleffectonthevictimthanconventionalplaygroundbullying.
Whattheatenspeopleisthesheernumberofpeoplewhocanviewsomethinghatisposedonline.“Girlssendtheirboyfriendsphotosofthemselvesandthenheygetdumpedandeveryboywithinheyear12groupshasacopy,”saysSusanMclean,SeniorConstablefromVictoriaPoliceinAustralia,“theydon’understandthattheirwordsorimagesintendedforasmallaudiencecanfindanaudienceofmillions.”Itwouldbebadenoughobecyber-bulliedbyonekidandnobodyelseknewaboutit,butavideoseenbyhundredsorthousandsofpeerscouldbedevastating.
Anotherpointisthehighprobabilityofbeingbulliedonline.“WhenIwasakid,playgroundbullyingstoppedwhenthebellrangandyouwentbackinsideorwhenyouwenthomeattheendoftheday,”saysJohnCarr,chairoftheChildren’sCharities’CoalitionforInternetSafetyinLondon.”Butwithcyber-bullying,itis24hoursaday,365daysayear.Thereisnoescape.”Whileanadultcouldsimplyturnoffthecomputer,that’snotreallyanoptionfortoday’steen,whoaredependentontheinternetforcommunicatingwithheirpeers.A2007Pewstudyfoundthat93percentofUsteensusetheinternetand61percentgoonlinedaily.
C.
Anonymitycanalsoamplifybullying’snegativeeffectsonthevictim.“Thepsychologicalramificationsofnotknowingwho’sattackingyoucanbemaddening,”saysRobinKowalski,apsychologistatClemsonUniversityinSouthCarolina.”Thebullycouldbeyourbestfriend,asibling,orhalftheschool.”Inarecent,asyetunpublishedsurveyshecarriedout,nearlyhalfofthechildrensheintervieweddidn’tknowwhotheircyber-bullywas.
Thelackofface-tofacecontactmighalsotemptbulliestonewlevelsofcruelty.Ontheplayground,seeingthestressandpainofthevictimface-to-facecanactasaninhibitortosomedegree;however,incyberspace,wherethereisnovisualcontact,onlineoffenderstendtogoextreme.Kowalskiclaimstheeffectisuniquetocomputer-mediatedcommunication.“Thereisadistancingoftheselfandimmediacyinresponsethatwedon’thaveinanyotherformofcommunication,”shesays.”Onthecomputer,it’slikeit’snotreallyyou.”
D.
Sowhatcanbedone”LedbyRuthAyletofHerio-WattUniversityinEdinburh,Uk,aconsortiumofEuropeanresearchersrecentlydevelopedarole-playingsoftwarecalledFearNot!
whichaimstogetchildrentoempathisewithavictimofbullyingandfeelinsympathyduringtheprocess.Afterwatchingashortanimationofachildbeingbulledeitherintheplaygroundoronline,theviewerisaskedtohelpthevictimbytypingadviceintothecomputer.ThesoftwarewillbetestedinschoolsintheUkandGermanylaterthisyear.
Meanwhile,somegovernmentshavetakenlegislativeactions.InJanuary2006,theUSCongresspassedalawmakingitafederalcrimeto”annoy,abuse,theatenorharass”anotherpersonovertheinternet.Approximately36stateshaveenactedsimilarlegislation.AndinSouthKorea,the”internetreal-namesystem”’introducedlastmonth,forcesonlineportalsandnewswebsitestorecordtheidentitiesofpeoplewhopostcontentandtodisclosetheircontactdetailsifsomeonewantstosuethemforlibelorinfringementofprivacy.
However,itcanbedifficulttopersuadepeopletotaketheselawsseriously,andintheUsTheyonlyapplytoover-18s.“Manyjurisdictionsdon’twantoinvestigateorprosecutethesecases,”saysA1KushofWiredSafety.org,aninternetsafetyadvocacygroupbasedinSeattle,Washington.“Theyareshort-staffedandbusypursuingwhatheycall“realcrime.”
E.
However,itcanbedifficulttopersuadepeopletotaketheselawsseriously,andintheUStheyonlyapplytoover-18s.
“Manyjurisdictionsdon’twanttoinvestigateorprosecutethesecases,”saysA1KushofWiredSafety.org,aninternetsafetyadvocacygroupbasedinSeattle,Washington.“Theyareshort-staffedandbusypursuingwhattheycallrealcrime.”
Questions5-8
Lookatthefollowingstatementsandhelistofpeoplebelow.
Matcheachstatementwiththecorrectperson.
WritethecorrectletterA-Finboxes5-8onyouranswersheet.
5.Theprobabilityofcyber-bullyingwashigherthanthatofschoolyardbullying.
6.Thevictimizedrarelyreportedtotheiradultsupervisors.
7.Itisusuallyconsideredasminoroffencesinsteadofcrimes.
8.Bulliesdon’tuserealnamesandidentifications.
A.RobinKowalski
B.AIKush
C.JohnCarr
D.RuthAylett
E.SusanMclean
F.JaanaJuvonen
Questions9-13
Dothefollowingstatementsagreewiththeinformationgiveninreadingpassage1?
Inboxes9-13onyouranswersheet,write
Trueifthestatementagreeswiththeinformation
Falseifthestatementcontradictstheinformation
NotGivenifthereisnoinformationonthis
9.Technicaladvanceshavebeenahelperinmakingonlinebullinggorampant.
10.Cyber-bullyingwasacontinuationofplaygroundbullyinginschoolaccordingoYouGovin2006.
11.Toavoidonlinecommunicationwillprotectteensfromonlineharassment.
12.Arole-playingsoftwarewasdesignedtoidentifythosewhoareliabletobullyothers.
13.Sometimesbulliesareimmunefromcriminalchargesbeforereaching18.
WritingTask
Youshouldspendabout40minutesonthistask.
Doingpart-timejobsincollegehasbecomeahottopicfordiscussion.Somepeoplesaypart-timejobsareusefulforfull-timestudents,becausetheycanearnmoneyandgaincareerexperience.Others,however,regardpart-timejobsasuselessexperience,becausethetakeupmostofstudent’stime.Discussboththeseviewsandgiveyourownopinion.
Youshouldwriteatleast250words.
Youshoulduseyourideas,knowledgeandexperienceandsupportyourargumentswithexamplesandrelevantevidence.
.
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