高考英语阅读理解二轮限时训练精品题16及答案.docx
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高考英语阅读理解二轮限时训练精品题16及答案.docx
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高考英语阅读理解二轮限时训练精品题16及答案
2014高考英语阅读理解二轮限时训练精品题(16)及答案
【2014高考英语安徽省合肥市质量检测】
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项,并标在答题卷的相应位置。
用答题卡的考生,先把选出的最佳选项标在试卷的相应位置,再转涂到答题卡上。
Dogsandcatsarenotforstudentswholiveinthedormitory.Justthinkaboutthenoise,thesmellandallthatwildbehavior,chewingonwhatevertheycangettheirteethon,orknockingoverthetrashcan.Butdon’tfeelsad.Theresmallerandlessdestructivepetstomakeyourdormitorylifecolorful.
Bettafish
Theymakegreatpetswiththeirbigpersonalityandastonishingcolors,rangingfrombrightred,darkbluetolemonyellow.Unlikemanyfish,mostbettasreacttotheirowner’spresenceandbecomemoreactivewhentheyarenearby,whichisunusualinthefishworld.
Chinchillas
Withoutbadsmell,aboutthesizeofarabbitandwithfursodensethattheycan'tgetpestssuchasfleas(跳蚤),thefriendlycreatureoriginallyfromtheAndesMountainsinSouthAmericamakesanidealindoorpet.Chinchillasareverysocialanimals,evenifyouareonlyalone,youwillbecomeitsfamily.Incoldwinterdays,onlyaglanceatthisfurypetinadormwillbringyoualotofwarmth.
Landhermitcrabs
Inasocietywhereownersareoftenasked“Aretheytasty?
”,landhermitcrabsareamongthemostunluckyanimalscommonlykeptpets.Buttheyareeasytocarefor,inexpensiveandfascinatingtowatch.Andthefactthattheydon'tcauseanyallergicreactionsmakesthemperfectforcollegedormitories.
Red-earedsliders
Ifyou'reinterestedinalifelongfriend,ared-earedslidermakesawonderfulpet.Ifwellcaredfor,theycanliveforaround40years.Butthereareacoupleofthingsyoushouldknow.Red-earedcangrowtoanadultsizeofupto30cm!
Soyoumayneedalargertankquickly.Inaddition,youwillneedtoprovideUVlighting,waterheater,andaswimmingareaandabasking(晒太阳)area.Housingaredearedsliderisnoteasy.
60.Allthedormitorypetsmentionedinthetextare______.
A.activeandallergicB.quietandpeaceful
C.colorfulandtastyD.smallandsmelly
61.Whichofthefollowingisnottrueaboutthesecreatures?
A.Bettasareactiveandrichincolors.
B.Chinchillasareoriginallymountainanimals.
C.Landhermitcrabsareallergicbuttasty.
D.Red-earedslidersneedmorecarefromtheowner.
62.Ifyouwanttokeepthepetaslongaspossible,you'dbetterchoose______.
A.BettafishB.ChinchillasC.LandhermitcrabsD.Red-earedsliders
63.Thepassageismainlyto______
A.introducethebestwaytokeeppetsB.offerusefulpicturesforchoosingpets
C.informstudentsoflifestyleofpetsD.recommendsomedormitorypets
【参考答案】60—63BCDD
PassageThirteen(CrypticColoring)
Crypticcoloringisbyfarthecommonestuseofcolorinthestruggleforexistence.Itisemployedforthepurposeofattack(aggressiveresemblanceoranticrypticcoloring)aswellasofdefense(protectiveresemblanceorprocrypticcoloring).Thefactthatthesamemethodconcealment,maybeusedbothforattackanddefensehasbeenwellexplainedbyT.Beltwhosuggestsasanillustrationtherapidityofmovementwhichisalsomadeuseofbybothpursuerandpursued,whichissimilarlyraisedtoamaximuminbothbythegradualdyingoutoftheslowestthroughaseriesofgenerations.Crypticcoloringiscommonlyassociatedwithotheraidsinthestruggleforlife.Thuswell-concealedmammalsandbirds,whendiscovered,willgenerallyendeavortoescapebyspeedandwilloftenattempttodefendthemselvesactively.Ontheotherhand,smallanimalswhichhavenomeansofactivedefense,suchaslarge,numbersofinsects,frequentlydependuponconcealmentalone.Protectiveresemblanceisfarcommoneramonganimalsthanaggressiveresemblance,incorrespondencewiththefactthatpredaceousformsareasarulemuchlargerandmuchlessnumerousthantheirprey.InthecaseofinsectivorousVertebrataandtheirpreysuchdifferencesexistinanexaggeratedform.Crypticcoloring,whetherusedfordefenseofattack,maybeeithergeneralorspecial.Ingeneralresemblancetheanimal,inconsequenceofitscoloring,producesthesameeffectasitsenvironment,buttheconditionsdonotrequireanyspecialadaptationofshapeandoutline.Generalresemblanceisespeciallycommonamongtheanimalinhabitingsomeuniformlycoloredexpanseoftheearth’ssurface,suchasanoceanoradesert.Intheformer,animalsofallshapesarefrequentlyprotectedbytheirtransparentbluecolor,onthelatter,equallydiverseformsaredefendedbytheirsandyappearance.Theeffectofauniformappearancemaybeproducedbyacombinationoftintsinstartlingcontrast.Thustheblackandwhitestripesofthezebrablendtogetheratalittledistance,and“theirproportionissuchasexactlytomatchthepaletintwhicharidgroundpossesseswhenseenbymoonlight.”Specialresemblanceisfarcommonerthangeneralandistheformwhichisusuallymetwithonthediversifiedsurfaceoftheearth,ontheshores,andinshallowwater,aswellasonthefloatingmassesofalgaeonthesurfaceoftheocean,suchastheSargassoSea.Intheseenvironmentsthecrypticcoloringofanimalsisusuallyaidedbyspecialmodificationsofshape,andbytheinstinctwhichleadsthemtoassumeparticularattitudes.Completestillnessandtheassumptionofacertainattitudeplayanessentialpartingeneralresemblanceonland;butinspecialresemblancetheattitudeisoftenhighlyspecialized,andperhapsmoreimportantthananyotherelementinthecomplexmethodbywhichconcealmentiseffected.Inspecialresemblancethecombinationofcoloring,shape,andattitudeissuchastoproduceamoreorlessexactresemblancetosomeoneoftheobjectsintheenvironment,suchasaleafoftwig,apatchoflichen,aflakeofbark.Inallcasestheresemblanceistosomeobjectwhichisofnointeresttotheenemyorpreyrespectively.Theanimalisnothiddenfromviewbybecomingindistinguishablefromitsbackgroundasinthecaseofgeneralresemblance,butitismistakenforsomewell-knowobject.
Inseekingtheinterpretationofthesemostinterestingandelaborateadaptations,attemptshavebeenmadealongtwolines.Thefirstseekstoexplaintheeffectasaresultofthedirectinfluenceoftheenvironmentupontheindividual(G.L.L.Buffon),orbytheinheritedeffectsofeffortsandtheuseanddisuseofparts(J.B.P.Lamarck).Thesecondbelievesthatnaturalselectionproducedtheresultandafterwardsmaintaineditbythesurvivalofthebestconcealedineachgeneration.Theformersuggestionbreaksdownwhenthecomplexnatureofnumerousspecialresemblancesisappreciated.Thusthearrangementofcolorsofmanykindsintoanappropriatepatternrequiresthecooperationofasuitableshapeandtherigidlyexactadoptionofacertainelaborateattitude.Thelatterisinstinctiveandthusdependsonthecentralnervoussystem.Thecrypticeffectisduetotheexactcooperationofallthesefactors;andinthepresentstateofscience,theonlypossibleholeofaninterpretationliesinthetheoryofnaturalselection,whichcanaccumulateanyandeveryvariationwhichtendstowardsurvival.Afewofthechieftypesofmethodsbywhichconcealmentiseffectedmaybebrieflydescribed.Thecolorsoflargenumbersofvertebrateanimalsaredarkestonthebackandbecomegraduallylighteronthesides,passingintowhiteonthebelly.AbbotH.Thayerhassuggestedthatthisgradationobliteratestheappearanceofsolidity,whichisduetoshadow.Thecolorharmony,whichisalsoessentialtoconcealment,isproducedbecausethebackisofthesametintastheenvironment(e.g.earth),bathedinthecoldblue-whiteofthesky,whilethebelly,beingcoldblue-whiteandbathedinshadowandyellowearthreflectionsproducesthesameeffects.ThismethodofneutralizingshadowforthepurposeofconcealmentbyincreasedlightnessoftintwasfirstsuggestedbyE.B.Poultoninthecaseofalarvaandapupa,buthedidnotappreciatethegreatimportanceoftheprinciple.Inananalogousmethodananimalinfrontofabackgroundofdarkshadowmayhavepartofitsbodyobliteratedbytheexistenceofadarktint,theremainderresembling,e.g.,apartofaleaf.Thismethodofrenderinginvisibleanypartwhichwouldinterferewiththeresemblanceiswellknowinmimicry.
1. Theblackandwhitestripesofthezebraaremostusefulform
[A].hunters. .nocturnalpredators
[C].lionsandtigers. [C].insectivorous Vertrbrata
2. Aggressiveresemblanceoccurswhen
[A].apredaceousattitudeisassumed.
.specialresemblanceisutilized.
[C].ananimalreliesonspeed.
[D].ananimalblendsinwithitsbackground.
3. Specialresemblancediffersfromgeneralresemblanceinthattheanimalrelieson
[A].itsabilitytofrightenitsadversary. .speed.
[C].itsabilitytoassumeanattitude. [D].mistakenidentify
4. Thetitlebelowthatbestexpressestheidesofthispassageis
[A].CrypticcolorationforProtection. .HowAnimalsSurvive.
[C].TheusesofMimicryinNature. [D].ResemblancesofAnimals.
5. Ofthefollowingwhichistheleastcommon?
[A].protectiveresemblance. .Generalresemblance.
[C].Aggressiveresemblance. [D].Specialresemblance.
Vocabulary
1. cryptic 隐藏的,保护的
crypticcoloring 保护色,隐藏色
2. predaceous 食肉的,捕食其他动物的。
3. vertebrate 脊椎动物门
4. tint 色泽,色彩
5. zebra 斑马
6. Sargasso 果本马尾藻
7. twig 嫩枝
8. lichen 地衣
9. flake 一片
10. gradation 等级,层次,分等
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