Unit 3 words and expressions教材.docx
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Unit 3 words and expressions教材.docx
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Unit3wordsandexpressions教材
##2.WordsandExpressions
1.tempt:
vt.attract,lure
*Thewarmsuntemptedustogoswimming.
又一道菜吸引了我们,但我们还是拒绝了。
(=Asecondhelpingtemptedus,butwerefusedtheoffer.)
Pattern:
betemptedtodosth.很想做某事
*Hewastemptedtowalkoutaftersupper.
我很想问问刚才发生了什么事。
(=Iamtemptedtoaskwhathappenedjustnow.)
2.generalize:
vt.makeageneralstatement(about);toformanopinionafter
consideringasmallnumberoffacts
*Don’tgeneralize;itisn’tfairtosayallwomendriversarebadjustbecauseoneknockedyouknown.
你遇到三个有钱的中国商人就匆忙下结论说所有的中国人都富有,这是不对的。
(=ItiswrongforyoutogeneralizehastilythatalltheChinesearewealthyafteryoumeetthreerichChinesebusinessmen.)
3.(L.1)intrigue:
1)vt.arousetheinterestorcuriosityof;fascinate,puzzle
*Hibernationhaslongintriguedbiologists.
(=ThefoodisanintriguingcombinationofGermanandFrench.)
这条新闻引起了我们大家的兴趣。
(=Thenewsintriguedallofus.)
2)vi.makeasecretplan;toengageinsecretorunderhandschemes;plot
*Theministerswereintriguingfortheirowngains.
那些政客因阴谋反对政府而被监禁。
(=Thosepoliticianswereimprisonedforintriguingagainstthegovernment.)
Collocation:
intrigueagainstthegovernment密谋反对政府
intriguewith与…合谋
intriguesb.outofoffice用阴谋革除某人职位
4.(L.3)intolerant:
adj.unableorunwillingtoendure
*Hewasintolerantofignorance.
青蛙经受不住严寒的天气。
(=Frogsareintolerantofsevereoldweather.)
CF:
intolerable&intolerant
这两个词都是形容词,词根都是tolerate,但词义不同。
intolerable是“令人无法忍受的”,近义词为“unbearable”。
例如:
Hisbehavioratthedinnerpartyisintolerable.他在晚宴上的行为令人难以忍受。
intolerant为“不宽容的,偏狭的”,近义词为“bigoted,impatient”。
例如:
Themanisintolerantofopposition.这个人不能容忍别人反对他。
5.(L.5)ultimate:
adj.
1)final,eventual,last
*Wearehopingfortheultimatevictory.
工会领导人宣称他们斗争的最终目的是要增加工人工资和改善工作条件。
(=Theunionleadersdeclaredthattheultimateaimoftheirstrugglewastopayincreaseandimprovedworkingconditionsfortheworkers.)
2)fundamental;elemental
*ItisanultimatetruththatTibetisapartofChina.
3)utmost;extreme
*Hefelttheultimateinsultwhenshesaidsuchwordstohim.
6.(L.10)civilized:
adj.
1)showingmoralandintellectualadvancement;humane,ethical,andreasonable
恐怖分子袭击纽约的世贸中心震惊整个文明世界。
(=TheterroristsattackingtheWorldTradeCenterinNewYorkshockedthecivilizedworld.)
2)cultured;polished;politeandgood-mannered
*Suchacivilizedbehaviorispraiseworthy.
7.(L.12)arrogant:
adj.unpleasantlyself-important,over-proud
*Thenoblemanhasanarrogantcontemptfortheweak.
老板的儿子对所有的雇员都傲慢无礼。
(=Theboss’ssonwasarroganttoalltheemployees.)
8.(L.13)incorruptible:
adj.honestandupright
*Thepresidentorderedthatallhissubordinatesshouldbeincorruptible.
史密斯学生廉正不阿的人。
(=Mr.Smithisamanofincorruptibleintegrity.)
9.(L.14)compulsive:
adj.causedorconditionedbycompulsionorobsession
*Compulsivedrinkingisbadforone'shealth.
这项研究得出结论:
美国大约共有四百四十万嗜赌成瘾者。
(=Thestudyconcludedthatthereareabout4.4millioncompulsivegamblersaltogetherintheU.S.)
Pattern:
haveacompulsivedesiretodosth.情不自禁想做某事
NB:
compulsive和compulsory都是形容词,词根相同且形似,但意义不同。
前者指“随心所欲、不加节制的”;后者指“强制的、必须的”。
例如:
compulsivesmoking不加节制的吸烟
compulsivegambler嗜赌成瘾者
compulsoryeducation义务教育
compulsorycourse必修课程
10.(L.14)assail:
vt.
1)attackviolently
(=Thearmyassailedthetownbeforethedaybreak.)
2)causesb.toexperienceunpleasantthoughtsorfeelings;trouble
*Hewasassailedwithworriesabouthisson’sillness.
11.(L.19)hideous:
adj.havingaterribleeffectonthesenses,esp.shockingtotheeyesorears
*Hesufferedahideousfatewhentheenemycaughthim.
昨天我做实验时听到附近建筑工地上传来可怕的噪音。
(=WhenIwasdoingmyexperimentyesterday,Iheardhideousnoisesfromthenearbyconstructionsite.)
12.(L.23)evasion:
n.
1)theactofgettingoutofthewayorescaping
*Theprisoner’sevasionofthelawyer’squestionsconvincedthejuryhewasguilty.
逃避责任是可鄙的。
(=Evasionofone’sresponsibilityiscontemptible.)
2)astatementoractionthatavoidswhatshouldbesaidordone
*Theminister’sspeechwasfullofevasions.
他用含糊的遁词来回答别人对他的理论所做的批评。
(=Herespondedtocriticismofhistheorywithvagueevasions.)
13.(L.25)proclaim:
vt.announcepubliclyorofficially
*Newregulationsonthewagesforholidayjobsinthecollegewereproclaimed.
1949年10月1日,毛泽东在北京庄严宣布中华人民共和国成立。
(=OnOctober1,1949,ChairmanMaosolemnlyproclaimedinBeijingthefoundingofthePeople’sRepublicofChina.)
Collocation:
proclaimalaw公布一项法令
proclaimwaragainst对…宣战
publiclyproclaim公开宣布
14.(L.29)credibility:
n.thequality,capability,orpowertoelicitbelief
*Noonedoubtedthecredibilityofthereportmadebytheresearchgroup.
“美国的信誉不能被丢掉,尤其是不能被这些领袖们丢掉。
”亨利·基辛格博士说。
(=“America'scredibilitymustnotbesquandered,especiallybyitsleaders.”Dr.HenryKissingersaid.)
CF:
credible&credulous
两者都是形容词,有共同的词根,但意义不同。
前者指的是“可信的,值得信赖的”,后者指“轻信的,易于相信别人的”。
相似地,credibility和credulity都是名词,但意义不同,前者为“可信度”,后者为“轻信度”。
crediblecredulousincredible
credibilityincredulouscredulity
Filltheblankswiththewordsgivenintheboxabove.
(1)Hewasenoughtobelievethemanufacturer'sclaims.
(2)Johnhasmade_________progressthissemester.
(3)Scientistsare___________aboutghosts.
(4)Thejudgeconcludedthathewasinnocentbecausehehada_______witness.
(5)Histheoryislackof_______inreasoning.
(6)Thevendorswhosellfakecommoditiesliveonthe________ofthepeople.
(Key:
=
(1)credulous
(2)incredible(3)incredulous
(4)credible(5)credibility(6)credulity)
15.(L.31)unsolicited:
adj.notaskedfor,unrequested,unsought
*Janedoesn’tliketocommentonothers,andnevergivesunsolicitedopinions.
就这个有争议的问题,如果没有人问我,我不会主动发表意见。
(=Iwon’tairunsolicitedopinionsonthiscontroversialissue.)
16.(L.33)eloquent:
adj.
1)abletomakegoodspeechesthatinfluencethehearers
*Chrisisaneloquentspeakerandhehadanexcellentperformanceintherecentdebate.
马丁·路塞·金是位雄辩的演说家,他在1963年发表了著名的演说“我有一个梦想”。
(=MartinLutherKingwasaneloquentorator,andhedeliveredafamousspeech“IHaveaDream”in1963.)
2)expressiveorshowingsth.verystronglythoughwithoutwords
*Thehealthyappearanceofthechildreniseloquentenoughofthewealthofthenation.
17.(L.34)indulge:
vt.allowoneselforsb.elsetohavetoomuchofsth.enjoyable
*Iindulgemyinterestsinflowersforseveralyearsbyplantingalargegarden.
(=Thefootballfansindulgedtheirpatriotism,wavingflagsandsingingtheirnationalanthems.)
他对他的孩子太放任了。
(=Heindulgeshischildrentoomuch.)
Pattern:
indulgein沉湎于
*Somestudentsindulgeinplayingcomputergames.
在那里可以尽情钓鱼、游泳和跳舞。
(=Fishing,swimminganddancingcanbeindulgedinthere.)
18.(L.35)mellifluous:
adj.(ofwords,music,oravoice)soundingpleasantandflowing
*Thegirlstoodbythedoor,singingwithamellifluousvoice.
“您需要什么饮料?
”空姐问我,声音甜美。
(=“Whatkindofdrinkdoyouwant?
”Thestewardessaskedmewithamellifluousvoice.)
19.(L.38)irritation:
n.theconditionofbeingirritated;vexation
*Themanagertriedtoconcealhisirritationattheforeman’sdelay.
有了私人小汽车,也就没有了等候公共汽车或出租车带来的烦恼。
(=Withaprivatecar,therewillbenoirritationcausedbywaitingforbusesortaxies.)
20.(L.39)shelter:
v.
1)providecoverorprotectionfor
*Thefilmshelterstheplantfromdirectsunlight.
2)findprotection,takeanenclosureofferingprotection
下雨了,人们在商店的门口躲雨。
(=Intherainpeoplewereshelteringinthedoorwaysofshops.)
21.(L.40)rationalize:
v.givereasonsfor
*Howdoyourationalizeyourresearchmethods?
他想证明错不在他,但他显然是在找借口自圆其说。
(=Hetriedtoprovethathewasnotatfault,buthewasobviouslyrationalizing.)
22.(L.44)disapproveof:
v.haveorexpressanunfavorableopinionabout
*ProfessorSmithdisapprovesofstudentstakingpart-timejobs.
*玛莉她想做个演员,然而父母不赞同她的想法。
(=Marywantstobeanactress,butherparentsdisapproveoftheidea.)
23.(L.44)holler:
v.yell,shout,complain
*“Youarelateagain,”thebossholleredattheworker.
*“Letgo”,thepolicemanholleredattherobberwhowasgrippingthewoman’sarm.
24.(L.45)dodge:
v.avoidbyatrickorinadishonestway
*Thepoliticiankeptdodgingthereporters’questionsatthepressconference.
*Tomboastsofdodgingmilitaryservicebyfeigningillness.
25.(L.54)mood:
n.astateoffeelingsataparticulartime
(=Hismoodschangeveryquickly;onemomentheischeerful,andthenextcomplainingabouthislife.)
*阳光明媚的早晨使我心情愉快。
(=Thebeautifulsunnymorningputmeinahappymood.)
Collocation:
inthemoodtodosth./forsth.想做某事;有做某事的兴致
amanofmoods喜怒无常的人
inamelancholymood闷闷不乐
inamerrymood心情愉快
CF:
mood,humor&temper
这三个词都是名词,都含“心情”、“情绪”的意思。
mood指“在某一特定时间内由某种感情或欲望而引起的心情或心境”,如:
Sheisinamerrymood.她心情愉快。
humor指“在某一特定时间内由性情或感觉而决定的心境”,特指“某一时刻的心情”,如:
Heweptandlaughedashishumormovedhim.他因情绪波动而又哭又笑。
temper除指“心情”、“情绪”外,尚有“性情”、“脾气”的含义,如:
Hehasagood/badtemper.他脾气好/不好。
26.(L.60)assert:
vt.defendormaintain(one’srights,etc.)
*Theteacherassertedhiscontroloverthestudentsbymakingthembequiet.
(=Heassertedinthecourtthathewasinnocent.)
Collocation:
assertone’srighttodosth.维护做某事的权利
assertsth.tobetrue断言某事是真实的
assertnationalindependence维护民族独立
27.(L.68)intimacy:
n.theconditionofbeingintimateandclose(followedbywith/between)
*Intimacybetweenteachersandstudentsisnotrecommended.
他是日本通,很可能被委派为驻日大使。
(=HisintimacywithJapanmakeshimthelikelychoiceasambassadortothatcountry.)
28.(L.75)supersede:
v.taketheplaceof;displace
*Theoldmethodshavebeensupersededbythenew.
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