历年考研英语一真题及答案详解.docx

历年考研英语一真题及答案详解.docx

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历年考研英语一真题及答案详解

2016年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语

（一）试题

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorD

ontheANSWERSHEET.（10points）

InCambodia,thechoiceofaspouseisacomplexonefortheyoungmale.Itmayinvolvenotonlyhisparentsandhisfriends,1thoseoftheyoungwoman,butalsoamatchmaker.Ayoungmancan2alikelyspouseonhisownandthenaskhisparentsto3themarriagenegotiations,ortheyoungman’sparentsmaymakethechoiceofaspouse,givingthechildlittle

tosayintheselection.4,agirlmayvetothespouseherparentshavechosen.5a

spousehasbeenselected,eachfamilyinvestigatestheothertomakesureitschildismarrying6agoodfamily.

Thetraditionalweddingisalongandcolorfulaffair.Formerlyitlastedthreedays,7bythe1980sitmorecommonlylastedadayandahalf.Buddhistpriestsofferashortsermonand8prayersofblessing.Partsoftheceremonyinvolveritualhaircutting,9cottonthreadssoakedinholywateraroundthebride’sandgroom’swrists,and10acandlearoundacircle

ofhappilymarriedandrespectedcouplestoblessthe11.Newlywedstraditionallymovein

withthewife’sparentsandmay12withthemuptoayear,13theycanbuildanewhousenearby.

Divorceislegalandeasyto14,butnotcommon.Divorcedpersonsare15withsomedisapproval.Eachspouseretains16propertyheorshe17intothemarriage,andjointly-acquiredpropertyis18equally.Divorcedpersonsmayremarry,butagenderprejudice19up:

thedivorcedmaledoesn’thaveawaitingperiodbeforehecanremarry

20thewomanmustwaittenmonths.

1.[A]bywayof

[B]onbehalfof

[C]aswellas

[D]withregardto

2.[A]adaptto

[B]providefor

[C]competewith

[D]decidedon

3.[A]close

[B]renew

[C]arrange

[D]postpone

4.[A]Aboveall

[B]Intheory

[C]Intime

[D]Forexample

5.[A]Although

[B]Lest

[C]After

[D]Unless

6.[A]into

[B]within

[C]from

[D]through

7.[A]since

[B]but

[C]or

[D]so

8.[A]copy

[B]test

[C]recite

[D]create

9.[A]folding

[B]piling

[C]wrapping

[D]tying

10.[A]passing

[B]lighting

[C]hiding

[D]serving

11.[A]meeting

[B]collection

[C]association

[D]union

12.[A]grow

[B]part

[C]deal

[D]live

13.[A]whereas

[B]until

[C]if

[D]for

14.[A]obtain

[B]follow

[C]challenge

[D]avoid

15.[A]isolated

[B]persuaded

[C]viewed

[D]exposed

16.[A]whatever

[B]however

[C]whenever

[D]wherever

17.[A]changed

[B]brought

[C]shaped

[D]pushed

18.[A]withdrawn

[B]invested

[C]donated

[D]divided

19.[A]breaks

[B]warns

[C]shows

[D]clears

20.[A]sothat

[B]while

[C]once

[D]inthat

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartADirections：

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.（40points）

Text1

France,whichpridesitselfastheglobalinnovatoroffashion,hasdecideditsfashionindustryhaslostanabsoluterighttodefinephysicalbeautyforwomen.Itslawmakersgavepreliminaryapprovallastweektoalawthatwouldmakeitacrimetoemployultra-thinmodelsonrunways.Theparliamentalsoagreedtobanwebsitesthat―inciteexcessivethinness‖bypromotingextremedieting.

Suchmeasureshaveacoupleofupliftingmotives.Theysuggestbeautyshouldnotbedefinedbylooksthatendupimpingingonhealth.That’sastart.Andthebanonultra-thinmodelsseemstogobeyondprotectingmodelsfromstarvingthemselvestodeath–assomehavedone.Ittellsthefashionindustrythatitmusttakeresponsibilityforthesignalitsendswomen,especiallyteenagegirls,aboutthesocialtape-measuretheymustusetodeterminetheirindividualworth.

Thebans,iffullyenforced,wouldsuggesttowomen（andmanymen）thattheyshouldnotletothersbearbitersoftheirbeauty.Andperhapsfaintly,theyhintthatpeopleshouldlooktointangiblequalitieslikecharacterandintellectratherthandietingtheirwaytosizezeroorwasp-waistphysiques.

TheFrenchmeasures,however,relytoomuchonseverepunishmenttochangeaculturethatstillregardsbeautyasskin-deep–andbone-showing.Underthelaw,usingafashionmodelthatdoesnotmeetagovernment-definedindexofbodymasscouldresultina$85,000fineandsix

monthsinprison.

Thefashionindustryknowsithasaninherentprobleminfocusingonmaterialadornmentandidealizedbodytypes.InDenmark,theUnitedStates,andafewothercountries,itistryingtosetvoluntarystandardsformodelsandfashionimagesthatrelymoreonpeerpressureforenforcement.

IncontrasttoFrance’sactions,Denmark’sfashionindustryagreedlastmonthonrulesand

sanctionsregardingtheage,health,andothercharacteristicsofmodels.ThenewlyrevisedDanishFashionEthicalCharterclearlystates:

―Weareawareofandtakeresponsibilityfortheimpactthefashionindustryhasonbodyideals,especiallyonyoungpeople.‖Thecharter’smaintoolofenforcementistodenyaccessfordesignersandmodelingagenciestoCopenhagenFashion

Week（CFW）,whichisrunbytheDanishFashionInstitute.Butingeneralitreliesonaname-and-shamemethodofcompliance.

Relyingonethicalpersuasionratherthanlawtoaddressthemisuseofbodyidealsmaybethe

beststep.Evenbetterwouldbetohelpelevatenotionsofbeautybeyondthematerialstandardsofaparticularindustry.

21.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,whatwouldhappeninFrance?

[A]Newrunwayswouldbeconstructed.

[B]Physicalbeautywouldberedefined.[C]Websitesaboutdietingwouldthrive.[D]Thefashionindustrywoulddecline.

22.Thephrase―impingingon‖（Line2,Para.2）isclosestinmeaningto.[A]heighteningthevalueof

[B]indicatingthestateof

[C]losingfaithin

[D]doingharmto

23.Whichofthefollowingistrueofthefashionindustry?

[A]NewstandardsarebeingsetinDenmark.

[B]TheFrenchmeasureshavealreadyfailed.[C]Modelsarenolongerunderpeerpressure.[D]Itsinherentproblemsaregettingworse.

24.AdesignerismostlikelytoberejectedbyCFWfor.[A]pursuingperfectphysicalconditions

[B]caringtoomuchaboutmodel’scharacter

[C]showinglittleconcernforhealthfactors

[D]settingahighagethresholdformodels

25.Whichofthefollowingmaybethebesttitleofthetext?

[A]AChallengetotheFashionIndustry’sBodyIdeals

[B]ADilemmafortheStarvingModelsinFrance

[C]JustAnotherRoundofStruggleforBeauty

[D]TheGreatThreatstotheFashionIndustry

Text2

Forthefirsttimeinhistorymorepeopleliveintownsthaninthecountry.InBritainthishashadacuriousresult.WhilepollsshowBritonsrate―thecountryside‖alongsidetheroyalfamily,ShakespeareandtheNationalHealthService（NHS）aswhatmakesthemproudestoftheircountry,thishaslimitedpoliticaltraction.

AcenturyagoOctaviaHilllaunchedtheNationalTrustnottorescuestylishhousesbuttosave―thebeautyofnaturalplacesforeveryoneforever‖.Itwasspecificallytoprovidecitydwellerswithspacesforleisurewheretheycouldexperience―arefreshingair‖.Hill’spressurelaterledtothecreationofnationalparksandgreenbelts.Theydon’tmakecountrysideanymore,andeveryyearconcreteconsumesmoreofit.Itneedsconstantguardianship.

Atthenextelectionnoneofthebigpartiesseemlikelytoendorsethissentiment.TheConservatives’planningreformexplicitlygivesruraldevelopmentpriorityoverconservation,evenauthorising―off-plan‖buildingwherelocalpeoplemightobject.Theconceptofsustainabledevelopmenthasbeendefinedasprofitable.Labourlikewisewantstodiscontinuelocalplanning

wherecouncilsopposedevelopment.TheLiberalDemocratsaresilent.OnlyUkip,sensingitschance,hassidedwiththosepleadingforamoreconsideredapproachtousinggreenland.NigelFarage’sspeechthisyeartotheCampaigntoProtectRuralEngandstruckterrorintomanylocalConservativeparties.

Thesensibleplacetobuildnewhouses,factoriesandofficesiswherepeopleare,incitiesandtownswhereinfrastructureisinplace.TheLondonagentsStirlingAckroydrecentlyidentifiedenoughsitesforhalfamillionhousesintheLondonareaalone,withnointrusionongreenbelt.WhatistrueofLondoniseventrueroftheprovinces.

Theideathat―housingcrisis‖equals―concretedmeadows‖ispurelobbytalk.Theissueis

nottheneedformorehousesbut,asalways,wheretoputthem.Underlobbypressure,GeorgeOsbornefavoursruralnew-buildagainsturbanrenovationandrenewal.Hefavoursout-of-townshoppingsitesagainsthighstreets.Thisisnotafreemarketbutabiasedone.Ruraltownsandvillageshavegrownandwillalwaysgrow.Theydosobestwherebuildingstickstotheiredgesandrespectstheircharacter.Wedonotruinurbanconservationareasinthisway.Whyruinruralones?

Developmentshouldbeplanned,notletrip.AftertheNetherlands,BritainisEurope’smost

crowdedcountry.Halfacenturyoftownandcountryplanninghasenabledittoretainanenviableruralcoherence,whilestillpermittinglow-densityurbanliving.Thereisnodoubtofthealternative–thecorruptedlandscapesofsouthernPortugal,SpainorIreland.Avoidingthisrather

thanpromotingitshouldunitetheleftandrightofthepoliticalspectrum.

26.Britain’spublicsentimentaboutthecountryside_.[A]didn’tstarttilltheShakespeareanage

[B]hasbroughtmuchbenefittotheNHS[C]isfullybackedbytheroyalfamily[D]isnotwellreflectedinpolitics