《新编简明英语语言学教程》16章复习题集.docx
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《新编简明英语语言学教程》16章复习题集
《英语语言学概论》课程复习题集(1-6章)
2012-5-16更新
ChapterIIntroduction2012
I.DecidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEorFALSE:
1.Linguisticsisthescientificstudyoflanguage.
2.CompetenceandperformanceisdistinguishedbySaussure.
3.Asynchroniclinguisticsisthestudyofalanguagethroughthecourseofitshistory.
4.Linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthescientificstudyoflanguage.
5.Linguisticsstudiesparticularlanguage,notlanguagesingeneral.
6.Ascientificstudyoflanguageisbasedonwhatthelinguistthinks.
7.Inthestudyoflinguistics,hypothesesformedshouldbebasedonlanguagefactsandcheckedagainsttheobservedfacts.
8.Generallinguisticsisgenerallythestudyoflanguageasawhole.
9.Generallinguistics,whichrelatesitselftotheresearchofotherareas,studiesthebasicconcepts,theories,descriptions,modelsandmethodsapplicableinanylinguisticstudy.
10.Phoneticsisdifferentfromphonologyinthatthelatterstudiesthecombinationsofthesoundstoconveymeaningincommunication.
11.Morphologystudieshowwordscanbeformedtoproducemeaningfulsentences.
12.Thestudyofthewaysinwhichmorphemescanbecombinedtoformwordsiscalledmorphology.
13.Syntaxisdifferentfrommorphologyinthattheformernotonlystudiesthemorphemes,butalsothecombinationofmorphemesintowordsandwordsintosentences.
14.Thestudyofmeaninginlanguageisknownassemantics.
15.Bothsemanticsandpragmaticsstudymeanings.
16.Pragmaticsisdifferentfromsemanticsinthatpragmaticsstudiesmeaningnotinisolation,butincontext.
17.Socialchangescanoftenbringaboutlanguagechanges.
18.Sociolinguisticsisthestudyoflanguageinrelationtosociety.
19.Thearbitrarynatureoflanguagemakesitpossibleforlanguagetohaveanunlimitedsourceofexpressions.
20.Synchroniclinguisticisthestudyofalanguagethroughthecourseofitshistory.
21.Modernlinguisticsismostlyprescriptive,butsometimesdescriptive.
22.Modernlinguisticsisdifferentfromtraditionalgrammar.
23.Adiachronicstudyoflanguageisthedescriptionoflanguageatsomepointintime.
24.Modernlinguisticsregardsthewrittenlanguageasprimary,notthewrittenlanguage.
25.ThedistinctionbetweencompetenceandperformancewasproposedbyF.deSaussure.
26.Featuresthatcontrastwordsinmeaningarecalleddesignfeaturesaresaidtobeincomplementarydistribution.
27.Linguisticsymbolsarearbitrary.
28.ByarbitrarinessSaussuremeansthattheformsoflinguisticsignsbearsomenaturalrelationshiptotheirmeaning.
II.Fillineachofthefollowingblankswithonewordwhichbeginswiththelettergiven:
1.Ifalinguisticstudydescribesandanalyzesthelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,itissaidtobed_______.
2. Chomskydefines“competence”astheidealuser’sk__________oftherulesofhislanguage.
3.Languereferstothea__________linguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunitywhiletheparoleistheconcreteuseoftheconventionsandapplicationoftherules.
43.D_________isoneofthedesignfeaturesofhumanlanguagewhichreferstothephenomenonthatlanguageconsistsoftwolevels:
alowerlevelofmeaninglessindividualsoundsandahigherlevelofmeaningfulunits.
5.Languageisasystemofa_________vocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication.
6.Sisthestudyoflanguageinrelationtosociety.
7.Thedisciplinethatstudiestherulesgoverningtheformationofwordsintopermissiblesentencesinlanguagesiscalleds________.
8.Humancapacityforlanguagehasag____basis,butthedetailsoflanguagehavetobetaughtandlearned.
9.P____referstotherealizationoflangueinactualuse.
10.Findingsinlinguisticstudiescanoftenbeappliedtothesettlementofsomepracticalproblems.Thestudyofsuchapplicationsisgenerallyknownasa________linguistics.
11.Languageisp___________inthatitmakespossibletheconstructionandinterpretationofnewsignalsbyitsusers.Inotherwords,theycanproduceandunderstandaninfinitelylargenumberofsentenceswhichtheyhaveneverheardbe12
12.Linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthes____studyoflanguage.
13.Tohelpdefineandmaintaininterpersonalrelationsisthesfunctionoflanguage.
III.Therearefourchoicesfollowingeachstatement.Markthechoicethatcanbestcompletethestatement.
1.Thedescriptionofalanguageinafixedinstantisa_______study.
A.synchronicB.diachronicC.prescriptiveD.systematic
2.Theapplicationoflinguisticsprinciplesandtheoriestolanguageteachingandlearningiscalled_____.
A.sociolinguisticsB.Psycholinguistics
C.computationallinguisticsD.AppliedLinguistics
3.Ifalinguisticstudydescribesandanalyzesthelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,itissaidtobe______________.
A.prescriptiveB.analytic
C.descriptiveD.linguistic
4.Whichofthefollowingisnotadesignfeatureofhumanlanguage?
A.ArbitrarinessB.Displacement
C.DualityD.Meaningfulness
5.Modernlinguisticsregardsthewrittenlanguageas____________.
A.primaryB.correct
C.secondaryD.stable
6.Inmodernlinguistics,speechisregardedasmorebasicthanwriting,because___________.
A. inlinguisticevolution,speechispriortowriting
B. speechplaysagreaterrolethanwritingintermsoftheamountofinformationconveyed.
C. speechisalwaysthewayinwhicheverynativespeakeracquireshismothertongue
D. Alloftheabove
7.Manymodernlinguistshavecriticizedtraditionalgrammariansforadoptinga_____approachtolanguagestudy.
A.synchronicB.diachronic
C.prescriptiveD.descriptive
8.Ahistoricalstudyoflanguageisa____studyoflanguage.
A.synchronicB.diachronic
C.prescriptiveD.comparative
9.AccordingtoF.deSaussure,____referstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity.
A.paroleB.performance
C.langueD.Language
10.Languageissaidtobearbitrarybecausethereisnologicalconnectionbetween_________andmeanings.
A.senseB.sounds
C.objectsD.ideas
11.Languagecanbeusedtorefertocontextsremovedfromtheimmediatesituationsofthespeaker.Thisfeatureiscalled_________,
A.displacementB.duality
C.flexibility D.culturaltransmission
12.Thedistinctionbetweenlangueandparolewasmadeby_______earlylastcentury.
A.AmericanlinguistN.ChomskyB.SwisslinguistF.deSaussure
C.AmericanlinguistEdwardSapirD.BritishlinguistJ.R.Firth
13.Thefactthatdifferentlanguageshavedifferentwordsforthesameobjectisgoodproofthathumanlanguageis.
A.arbitraryB.rationalC.logicalD.cultural
IV.Answerthefollowingquestion:
1.Inwhatbasicwaysdoesmodernlinguisticsdifferfromtraditionalgrammar?
2.WhatarethemainfeaturesofhumanlanguagethathavebeenspecifiedbyC.Hocketttoshowthatitisessentiallydifferentfromanimalcommunicationsystem?
Chapter2:
Phonology
I.Decidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse:
1. VoicingisaphonologicalfeaturethatdistinguishesmeaninginbothChineseandEnglish.
2. Iftwophoneticallysimilarsoundsoccurinthesameenvironmentsandtheydistinguishmeaning,theyaresaidtobeincomplementarydistribution.
3. Aphoneisaphoneticunitthatdistinguishesmeaning.
4. EnglishisatonelanguagewhileChineseisnot.
5. Inlinguisticevolution,speechispriortowriting.
6. Ineverydaycommunication,speechplaysagreaterrolethanwritingintermsoftheamountofinformationconveyed.
7. Articulatoryphoneticstriestodescribethephysicalpropertiesofthestreamofsoundswhichaspeakerissueswiththehelpofamachinecalledspectrograph.
8. Thearticulatoryapparatusofahumanbeingarecontainedinthreeimportantareas:
thethroat,themouthandthechest.9.Thesound〔z〕isavoicedalveolarstop.
9.VoicingisadistinctivefeatureforEnglishconsonants.
10.Whentwodifferentformsareidenticalineverywayexceptforonesoundsegmentthatoccursinthesameplaceinthestring,thenthetwowordsarecalledminimalpairs.Sipandzipareaminimalpair,asarefineandvine,andvealandleaf.
11. Vibrationofthevocalcordsresultsinaqualityofspeechsoundscalledvoicing.
12. Englishconsonantscanbeclassifiedintermsofplaceofarticulationandthepartofthetonguethatisraisedthehighest.
13. Accordingtothemannerofarticulation,someofthetypesintowhichtheconsonantscanbeclassifiedarestops,fricatives,bilabialandalveolar.
12. Vowelsoundscanbedifferentiatedbyanumberoffactors:
thepositionoftongueinthemouth,theopennessofthemouth,theshapeofthelips,andthelengthofthevowels.
13. Accordingtotheshapeofthelips,vowelscanbeclassifiedintoclosevowels,semi-closevowels,semi-openvowelsandopenvowels.
14.TheEnglishconsonantscanbeclassifiedintermsofplaceandmannerofarticulation.
15.Thequalitiesofvowelsdependonthepositionsoflips.
16. Anysoundproducedbyahumanbeingisaphoneme.
17. Phonesarethesoundsthatcandistinguishmeaning.
18. Phonologyisconcernedwithhowthesoundscanbeclassifiedintodifferentcategories.
19. Abasicwaytodeterminethephonemesofalanguageistoseeifsubstitutingonesoundforanotherresultinachangeofmeaning.
20. Whentwodifferentformsareidenticalineverywayexceptforonesoundsegmentwhichoccursinthesameplaceinthestrings,thetwowordsaresaidtoformaphonemiccontrast.
21.
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