版英语大一轮复习讲义话题版全国主题语境一 4.docx
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版英语大一轮复习讲义话题版全国主题语境一 4.docx
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版英语大一轮复习讲义话题版全国主题语境一4
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.Butsomethinginsidemewasgoingtoclimbthatmountainatallcost.Icouldhardlywaittotrythisadventure(冒险)again.(2018·天津)
2.Theindustryhasalsotakenaim(目标)attheproductthathasappearedasitsreplacement.
(2018·浙江)
3.Theproposalattempts(尝试)todealwithwhatsomecallthe“deathvalley”ofautonomousvehicles.(2017·天津)
4.Somepeopleliveonlydreamingaboutitwhileotherslivetoavoid(避免)everclimbingatall.
(2018·天津)
5.Ifyouareastudentstudyingthearts,chances(机会)areyouhavebeenill-advisedtohaveaplanB.(2018·江苏)
6.Itiswellworthmakinganeffort(努力)topromotethepublicawarenessofenvironmentalprotection.
7.Ithoughtofmyheadteacheroneday,whoalwaysencouraged(鼓励)usnottoloseheartandbehopefulaboutthefuturewhenwewereintrouble.
8.Inviewofhiseducationalbackgroundandexperience(经历),noonedoubtshissuitabilityasaleader.
9.Itfoundmanyyoungstersnowmeasure(衡量)theirstatusbyhowmuchpublicapprovaltheygetonline,oftenthrough“likes”.(2018·江苏)
10.Thoughhehadtriedtoovercome(战胜)hisshyness,hedidn’tmakeitintheend.
11.Forthispurpose(目的),selectripebananasforfreezingastheyaremuchsweeter.(2018·全国Ⅱ)
12.Moth,meanwhile,afteraninitialstruggle(挣扎),foundhissymptomswerestrangelyreducedbytheirdailytiringjourney.(2018·江苏)
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.WhatIsawwascompletely(complete)unlikeanythingIhadexperiencedinthepast.Thisnewnessjustleftmewantingmore.(2017·全国Ⅰ)
2.J.K.Rowlingdonates
30milliontohelpthedisadvantaged(disadvantage)children.
3.Childrenbecameincreasinglyanxious(anxiety)aboutswitchingoffduetotheconstantdemandsofsocialmedia.
4.AtfirstRobertwouldn’tlethisdaughtergodiving,buteventuallyhegaveinasshewassoconfident(confidence)aboutherskills.
5.Hewasdisabledfrombirth,butheneverfeltfrustrated.Nordidhegiveintoanydifficulty(difficult).
6.Aquickreviewofsuccessesandfailures(fail)attheendofyearwillhelpshapeyouryearahead.
(2017·江苏)
7.Forthiscourierjob,you’reconsciouslyawarethatinthatboxyou’vegotsomethingthatispotentially(potential)goingtosavesomebody’slife.(2016·全国Ⅰ)
8.Ourownexperienceworkingtogetheronhealth,development,andenergythelasttwentyyearshasbeenoneofthemostrewarding(reward)partsofourlives.(2016·四川)
9.Noonewilleverknowwhatmixoftalent,ambition(ambitious),energyandluckmadeDickenssuchadistinguishedwriter.(2018·浙江)
10.Asuccessful(success)artsneighborhoodcreatesarippleeffect(连锁反应)throughoutacommunity.(2018·江苏)
Ⅲ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)
1.Myaimisto
theworldofliteratureandtheworldofgreatwriterstocultivatemymind.
2.Theboysmade
attempttoleaveforcampingbutwerestoppedbytheirparents.
3.Thetwolostboyshappenedtocomeintoacavewheretheydiscoveredsomeveryvaluablepre-historicalrockpaintingsbythechance.
4.Allthenoisemakesithardformetofullyconcentrate
thebookI’mtryingtoread.
5.Thankstothesupportofherfriendsandrelatives,herdreamofestablishingashelterforthedisadvantagedhasbeencometrue.
6.Driverlesscarsmayendup
aformofpublictransportratherthanvehiclesyouown.
(2017·天津)
Ⅳ.选词填空
1.Childrenshouldbeencouragedtoreachacompromisebetweenwhattheywantandwhattheyareexpected.
2.Thisgenerouslove,encouragespeopleallaroundtheworldtofightforthewell-beingofallpeoplefearlessly.
3.Youwillneverknowwhatshewentthroughtoeducateherchildren.
4.ItwasmyEnglishteacherwhoencouragedmenottoloseheartwhenIwasfacedwithdifficultiesinmyEnglishlearning.
5.Tomakeprogressatareasonablerate,you’llneedtocommitatleastanhouradaytopracticethepiano.
6.Ifyouworkoutbrightandearlyinthemorning,youwillbemorelikelytosticktohealthyfoodchoicesthroughouttheday.(2018·全国Ⅱ)
7.Withsomanyreferencebooksonthisromanticpoetformetochoosefrom,Ican’tmakeupmymindwhichtochoose.
8.Receivingagoodeducationisrathercostlybutitshouldpayoffinthelongrun.
9.Chinaistakingpainstoensuretheactiontakentoprotecttheenvironmenteffectively.
10.Newtechnologieshavemadeitpossibletoturnoutnewproductsfasterandatalowercost.
Ⅴ.同义词语替换
1.Travelnotonlygivesmetheopportunitytounderstandtheworld,butalsobringsmetoachievethedreamofexploringdifferentscenery.realize
2.Difficultasthetaskwas,hestillstucktoitandtookpainstocompleteit.madeeveryeffort
3.Surprisingly,thereislittleevidencetobackupthisopinionthatkeepingavegetariandietcanbenefitthehealthandfightagainstheartdisease.support
4.Ifindithardtoconcentrateonmystudieswithsomepeoplehavingsmalltalksaroundme.focuson
5.Theywillstartacampaigntoencourageawarenessofenvironmentalissues.promote
(1)achieveone’saims/goals达到目标
achievesuccess获得成功
(2)achievementn.成就;功业;完成;达到
asenseofachievement成就感
makegreatachievements取得巨大的成功
(1)Seeingthelinesoftreeswehadplanted,weallhadarealsenseofachievement(成就感).
(2)Hewasofferingawayforustochangeourlivesandachieveourdreams(实现我们的梦想).
(2016·江苏)
(3)Inthelastfewyears,Chinahasmadegreatachievements(取得了巨大成就)inenvironmentalprotection.
易错点拨
achievement作“完成,达到”解时为不可数名词;作“成就,功绩”解时是可数名词。
(1)attempttodo...尝试(试图)做……
(2)makeanattempttodo/(at)doing...尝试做……
atthefirstattempt第一次尝试
(3)attemptedadj.未遂的
(1)Inanattempttoencouragethestudentstodosomereadingandprovidethestudentswithmoregoodbooks,ourschoolisplanningtoholdtheReadingFestivalinthelibrarynextFriday.
(2)Policesaythey’retreatingitasacaseofattempted(attempt)murder.
(3)Ipassedmydrivingtestatthefirstattempt(第一次尝试).
(4)[同义句改写] Theyattemptedtoclimb(climb)thathill.
→Theymadeanattempttoclimb/(at)climbingthathill.
1avoiddoing...避免做……
2avoidableadj.可避免的
(1)Deathscausedbycarelessdrivingareavoidable(avoid).
(2)CCTVsaysthatastormwillhitourcity.Inordertoavoidbeingcaught(catch),wemusttakeourraincoatwithus.
(3)[单句改错] Sheavoids
ondarkstreetsatnight.
易错点拨
(1)avoid后接动词时要用动名词,不接不定式,且后不接that从句。
(2)avoid通常指“成功地避免”,如果表示“企图避免”,应用trytoavoid。
challengen.挑战;难题;质疑
vt.挑战;怀疑
(1)meet/face/issueachallenge应对/面临/发起挑战
(2)challengesb.to(do)sth.向某人挑战(做)某事
(3)challengingadj.有挑战性的;有吸引力的
challengedadj.受到挑战的
(1)Shegavehimachallenging(challenge)look.“Areyoureallysure?
”shedemanded.
(2)Theoppositionleaderchallengedtheprimeministertocall(call)anelection.
(3)Ichallengedhimtoagameoftennis.
[熟词生义] 选择句子中challenge的汉语意思
(4)Ididnotthinkhewasright,soIchallengedhim.A
A.质疑 B.驳斥 C.挑战
costv.使付费;价钱为;使损失
n.价格;费用;代价
(1)atthecostof以……为代价
atacostof以……的费用/价格
atanycost(=atallcosts)以任何代价,不惜一切代价
(2)costsb.sth.使某人失去……
(1)Wemustatallcosts/atanycostpreventthemfromfindingoutabouttheplan.
我们必须不惜一切代价阻止他们发现这个计划。
(2)Hesavedhisdaughterfromthefire,butonlyatthecostofhisownlife.
他从大火中救出了他的女儿,但却牺牲了自己的生命。
(3)Heboughtthepianoatacostof500dollars.
他花500美元买下了这架钢琴。
(4)Onemistakecosthimhisjob.
一个错误让他丢了工作。
desiren.渴望;欲望;渴求;渴望的人或物
vt.希望得到;想要
(1)haveastrongdesire
(2)desiretodosth.渴望做某事
desiresb.todosth.希望某人做某事
desirethat...(should)do...渴望……
(3)desirableadj.理想的;值得拥有的;可取的
(1)Hedesiredtobring(bring)backtheso-callednewfourinventionsbacktohishomecountry.
(2)Shehasastrongdesireforknowledgeandwantstogotocollegeverymuch.
(3)[一句多译] 他母亲希望他成为一名老师。
①Hismotherdesiredhimtobe/becomeateacher.
②Hismotherdesiredthathe(should)be/becomeateacher.
易错点拨
desire不用于进行时态,后接宾语从句或同位语从句,从句中谓语动词用“should+动词原形”,should可省略。
(1)devote...to...把……致力于……,专心于……
devoteoneselfto献身于;致力于
(2)devotedadj.挚爱的;忠实的,忠诚的
bedevotedto致力于;献身于;热爱……
(3)devotionn.奉献;关照;忠诚
(1)Mostchildrenlongforandneedaloving,devoted(devote)andresponsiblefather.
(2018·黑龙江哈尔滨三中二模)
(2)Onlywhenwerealizetheimportanceofhelpingeachothercanwebedevotedtobuilding(build)aharmonioussociety.
[句式升级]
(3)Hedevotedhimselftocommunityactivitiesandwaspraisedbythepeoplearound.
①Devotinghimselftocommunityactivities,hewaspraisedbythepeoplearound.(用现在分词短语作状语改写)
②Devotedtocommunityactivities,hewaspraisedbythepeoplearound.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)
guaranteevt.保证;担保
n.保证;担保;保修单
(1)guaranteesb.sth.保证某人某事
guaranteetodosth./that...保证做某事;确保……
beguaranteedtodosth.肯定会……;必定会……
(2)underguarantee在保修期内
givesb.aguaranteethat...向某人担保/保证……
(1)Iguaranteetopay(pay)offhisdebts.
(2)Thecarislessthanayearold,soitisstillunderguarantee.
(3)[一句多译] 我们保证在一周内将货物送到。
①Weguaranteetodeliverthegoodsinoneweek.(guaranteev.;简单句)
②Weguaranteethatwewilldeliverthegoodsinoneweek.(guaranteev.;复合句)
③Wegiveaguaranteethatwewilldeliverthegoodsinoneweek.(guaranteen.)
insiston/upondoingsth.坚持做某事
insistthat...坚持认为……;坚决要求……
(1)Thedoctorinsistedthatshewas(be)seriouslyillandthatshe(should)beoperated(operate)onimmediately.
(2)[一句多译] 他坚持要我同他一起去。
①HeinsistedthatI(should)gowithhim.
②Heinsistedonme/mygoingwithhim.
③HeinsistedonitthatI(should)gowithhim.
易错点拨
(1)insist表示“坚持说,坚持认为”时,其后的宾语从句用陈述语气;表示“坚决主张,坚持要求”时,其后的宾语从句用虚拟语气,即谓语动词用“(should)do”。
(2)insist后面既不接不定式也不接动名词,遇此情况要用insiston/upon。
insist后也不接带不定式的复合结构。
(1)managetodo设法做
manageit能做到
managesth.经营/管理……
(2)succeedindoing...成功地做成了……
trytodo...努力做……(不一定成功)
(1)Later,engineersmanagedtoconstruct(construct)railwaysinasystemofdeeptunnels,whichbecameknownastheTube.(2017·全国Ⅱ)
(2)Theboxisheavy,butIcanmanageit(拿得动).
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