大学体验英语4课文.docx
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大学体验英语4课文.docx
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大学体验英语4课文
TheUnsungHeroes:
WhatAboutWorkingDads?
Onourfirst“date”afterourtwindaughterswereborn,myhusbandandIwenttoseethemovieToyStory.Weenjoyedit,butafterwardmyhusbandasked,“Wherewasthedad?
”Atfirst,itseemedpettytocriticizeanentertainingfamilymoviebecauseofonesmallpoint.ThemoreIthoughtaboutit,however,themoreglaringanomissionitseemed.Notonlywasdadnotaround,hewasn’tevenmentioned—despitethefactthattherewasababyinthefamily,sodadcouldn't'thavebeenthatlonggone.Itwasasifthepresence—orabsence—ofafatherisaminordetail,notevenrequiringanexplanation.
Thisisonlyoneexampleofthemediatrendtowardmarginalizingfathers,whichmirrorsenormoussocialchangesintheUnitedStates.DavidBlankenhorn,inhisbookFatherlessAmerica,referstothistrendasthe“unnecessaryfather”concept.
Wearebombardedbystoriesaboutthestrugglesofworkingmothers(asopposedtonon-workingmothers,Isuppose).Meanwhile
highproportionofmediastoriesaboutfathersfocusonabusivehusbandsordeadbeatdads.Itseemsthattheonlytimefathersmeritattentioniswhentheyarecriticizedfornothelpingenoughwiththehousework(aclaimthatIfinddubiousanyway,becausethedefinitionof“housework”rarelyincludescleaningthegutters,changingtheoilinthecarorotherjobstypicallydonebymen)orwhentheydie.WhenMr.Blankenhornsurveyedfathersaboutthemeaningoftheterm“goodfamilyman,”manyrespondedthatitwasaphrasetheyonlyheardatfunerals
Oneexceptiontothe“unnecessaryfather”syndromeistheglowingmediaattentionthatat-homedadshavereceived.Idonotmeantoimplythatat-homedadsdonotdeservesupportformakingthiscommitment.Ionlymeantopointoutthedoublestandardatworkwhenat-homedads
areapplaudedwhileat-homemothersandbreadwinnerfathersaregivenlittle,ifany,culturalrecognition.
Theverylanguageweusetodiscussmen’sroles(i.e.,deadbeatdads)showsalackofappreciationforthemajorityofmenwhoquietlyyetproudlyfulfilltheirfamilyresponsibilities.Wealmostneverheartheterm“workingfather,”anditisrarethatcallsformoreworkplaceflexibilityareconsideredtobeformenasmuchasforwomen.Oursocietyactsasiffamilyobligationsarenotasimportanttofathersastheyaretomothers—asifcareersatisfactioniswhataman'slifeisallabout.
Evenmoreinsultingistherecentmediatrendofregardingat-homewivesas“statussymbols”—likeanexpensivecar—flauntedbythesupposedlyfewmenwhocanaffordsuchaluxury.Theimplicationisthatmenwithat-homewiveshaveiteasierthanthosewhosewivesworkoutsidethehomebecausetheyhavethe“luxury”ofafull-timehousekeeper.Inreality,however,themenwhoarethesolewageearnersfortheirfamiliessufferalotofstresses.Thelossofajob—oreventhethreatofthathappening—isobviouslymuchmoredifficultwhenthatjobisthesolesourceofincomeforafamily.Bythesametoken,solewageearnershavelessflexibilitywhenitcomestoleavingunsatisfyingcareersbecauseofthelossofincomesuchajobchangeentails.Inaddition,manyhusbandsworkovertimeorsecondjobstomakemoreneededmoneyfortheirfamilies.Forthesemen,itisthefamilythatthejobsupportsthatmakesitallworthwhile.Itisthebeliefthathavingamotherathomeisimportanttothechildren,whichmakessomanymengladlytakeontheburdenofbeingasolewageearner.
Today,thereiswidespreadagreementamongresearchersthattheabsenceoffathersfromhouseholdscausesseriousproblemsforchildrenand,consequently,forsocietyatlarge.Yet,ratherthanholdingup“ordinary”fathersaspositiverolemodelsforthedadsoftomorrow,toooftensocietyhasthrownupitshandsanddecidedthattraditionalfatherhoodisatbestobsoleteandatworstdangerously
reactionary.Thishasleftmanymenquestioningthevalueoftheirroleasfathers.
Asasociety,weneedtorealizethatfathersarejustasimportanttochildrenasmothersare—notonlyforfinancialsupport,butforemotionalsupport,educationanddisciplineas
well.Itisnotenoughforusmerelytorecognizethatfatherlessnessisaproblem—tostandbesidethegraveandmournthelossofthe“goodfamilyman”andthentrytofindsomeonetoreplacehim(askanyonewhohaslostafatherthoughdeathifthatispossible).Wemustacknowledgehowwehavedevaluedfatherhoodandworktoshowmenhownecessary,howimportanttheyareintheirchildren’slives.
Thosefatherswhostrivetobegoodfamilymenbybeingthereeverydaytoloveandsupporttheirfamilies—thoseunsungheroes—needourrecognitionandourthanksforalltheydo.Becausetheydeserveit.
2WhyDigitalCultureIsGoodforYou?
Thenewsmedia,alongwithsocialandbehavioralscientists,haverecentlysentoutamultitudeofwarningsaboutthemanydangersthatawaitusoutthereincyberspace.ThetruthofthematteristhattheWebisnomoreinherentlydangerousthananythingelseintheworld.Itisnotsomeamorphousentitycapableofinflictingharmfuloutcomesonallwhoenter.Infact,inandofitself,theWebisfairlyharmless.IthasnospecialpowertoovertakeitsusersandaltertheirveryexistenceLiketheoldtalethatthevampirecannotharmyouunlessyouinviteittocrossyourthreshold,theInternetcannotcorruptwithoutbeinginvited.And,withtheexceptionofchildrenandtheweak-willed,itcannotcreatewhatdoesnotalreadyexist.
(1)Likealcohol,theWebsimplymagnifieswhatisalreadythere:
ExpertsareconcernedthatthemaskingthatgoesononlineposesadangerforeveryonewhoisapartoftheDigitalCulture.Beforeweknowit,theexpertstellus,wewillallusefakeidentities,becomefragmented,andwillnolongerbesureofjustwhoweare.Wrong.
Theonlypeoplewhofeelcompelledtomask,andotherwisemisrepresentthemselvesonlinearethesamepeoplewhoaremysteriousandunfrankin“reallife”...theNetjustgivesthemonemoretooltopracticetheirdeceit.
Asfortherestofus,gettingtakeninbythesepeopleisalowprobability.Weknowwhothesefolksareinthe“realworld”.TheInternetdoesnot“cause”peopletodisguiseassomethingtheyarenot.AsfortheDigitalCulturegettingcheatedbythesedishonestfolks,well,therearejustasmany“cues”onlinetodecipherdeceptionasthereareinthe“realworld”.ThecompetentWebHeacanrecognizemanyredflagsgivenoffbytheonlinebehaviorofothers.Oftentimestheintentionsoffellowusersiscrystalclear,especiallyovertime.
Whensomeoneistryingtodeceiveusonline,inconsistencies,theessencethattheyaretrying“toohard”orarejustplainunbelievable,oftencomethroughloudandclear.Likewise,justlikeinthe“realworld”,ahostofotherunacceptabletendenciescanbereadilyrecognizedonline.Narcissism(it’sallabout“meeeee”),thosepeoplewhohavenothingbutnegativityorunpleasantthingstosayaboutothers,andthosewhofeelcompelledtoundermineothersandwhothinktheymustblowouttheotherguys’candlesinorderfortheirowntoshinecanbespottedacybermileaway.
(2)TheWebcanbringoutthebestinpeople:
Gregarious,frankfolksin“reallife”usuallycarrythesesametraitsovertotheironlinelife.Mostarejustasfun-lovingonlineifnotmoreso,astheyareataparty,atwork,oratthelocalbar.Thoughadmittedly,somearenotquiteasmuchfuntobearoundwithoutastiffdrink.Shyfolkshavea“safer”environmentonlinethaninthe“realworld”andcanlearntoexpressthemselvesmorefreelyontheNet(you’veneverseenanyonestutterone-mail,haveyou?
)allowingthemtogainconfidenceandcommunicationskillsthatcaneventuallyspilloverintootheraspectsoftheirlives.Helpfulpeoplein“reallife”areoftenjustaswillingtocometosomeone’sassistanceonlineasanywhereelse.
(3)PeoplearejudgeddifferentlyontheWeb:
OntheInternetpeoplearejudgedbytheirpersonality,beliefsandonlineactions,NOTbytheirphysicalappearance.Thisisgood.Itnotonlygivesuglyfolksanaid,butcausesBeautifulPeopletohavetosaysomethingworthlisteningtoinordertogetattention.
(4)Peopleopenupmore:
ManypeopleareopeningupawholelotmorethesedayssincetheyarenotrequiredtousetheirrealnameandprovidetheirrealidentityintheInternet.
(5)We’reconnected:
MembersoftheDigitalCultureknowfullwellthatthereisawealthofimportantinformationandlife-changingopportunitiesoutthereincyberspace.TheWebhasopeneddoorsfor
manyofusthatotherwisewouldneverhavebeenanoption.Researchpossibilitiesandnetworkingarejusttwosuchopportunities.
(6)WeLearnthePowerofWordsandtobeBetterListeners:
Withnofacialexpressions,bodylanguage,orphysicalappearancetodistractus,membersoftheDigitalCulturehavelearnedthepowerofwords...boththeirown,andothers’.Weknowverywellhowasimplestringofwordscanharm,hurtandoffend,orhowtheycanofferhumor,help,supportandencouragement.Mostexperiencedmembersoftheonlineculturehavelearnedtobecomewordsmiths,carefullycraftingthewordstheyusetoconveyexactlywhattheymeansoasnottobemisunderstood.
ManyofushavealsolearnedtobecomefarbetterlistenersthankstotheInternet.Notonlydowechooseourwordsmorecarefullybutwe(especiallythosewhocommunicateviaemailasopposedtochatrooms)areforcedtowaituntiltheotherpersonfinishesbeforewecanspeakorrespond.
(837words)
3.10BigMythsAboutCopyright
1)“Ifitdoesn’thaveacopyrightnotice,it’snotcopyrighted.”Thiswastrueinthepast,buttodayalmostallmajornationsfollowt
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