词组七.docx
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词组七.docx
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词组七
必背词组七
1.hearabout/of听到;听说
△Haveyouheardanythingofhisnewnovel?
hearfromsb.(收到)……的信
△I’vejustheardfromLiPingthatwe’llhaveatestsoon.
2.heartandsoul(=wholeheartedly)全心全意地
△Wemustservethepeopleheartandsoul.
3.helpout帮忙,帮助(解决困难)
helpsb.outof…帮助某人摆脱困境
△I’llhelpyououtwithyourwork.
△Noonebuthisfriend,Tomhelpedhimoutofhisfinancial(经济的)difficulties.
4.holdback阻碍、阻止;忍住、隐瞒、保留
△Nodifficultycanholdusback.
△Shecouldn’tholdbackhertearsanylongerandweptout.
△Weweresurehewasholdingsomethingbackfromus.
holdon别挂(电话);坚持下去
holdonto紧抓某物
△Holdon,everythingwillbeallright.
△Holdonamoment,please.
△Holdontomyhandtightlywhilewecrossthestreet.
holdout坚持,维持;伸出,提出
△Thosewerethepromisestheyheldout.
holdup举起;耽搁;使停顿
△Womencanholduphalfthesky.
△Thestormheldusup.
holdone’sbreath屏住呼吸,不出声
△Hewassofrightenedthathestoodbehindthedoor,holdinghisbreath.
5.huntfor/searchfor/lookfor寻找
△We’vebeenhuntingforyoueverywhere.
6.hurryup赶紧,赶快(不及物词组)/催促(及物词组)/急忙做某事(后加with)
△Hurryup,orwe’llbelate.
△Let’shurryhimup.
△AskXiaoLintohurryupwiththoseletterssothatwecansendthemofftoday.
inaflash即刻,一瞬间
△Thelittleboatsankinaflash.
inahurry匆忙,慌忙
△Inahurrytocatchthetrain,helefthisbookinthetaxi.
△Hewasinahurrytoleave.
inamoment/inaminute马上,立刻
inashortwhile/inashorttime一会,不久
△I’llbebackinamoment.
△I’lltelephoneyouinashortwhile.
inactualfact/infact/asamatteroffact事实上
△Inactualfact,Idon’tknowthetruth.
inall(=totally)总共,总计
△Ihad$2leftinall.
incase(相当于连词和副词)假使;以防;万一
incaseof(介词)
△Takeataxiincaseyou’relateforthemeeting.
△You’dbettercarrysomemoneyincase.
△Incaseoffire,call119.
inchargeof负责,看管
inthechargeof受…的管理
indebttosb.欠某人的债(或人情)
△Hewasalwaysindebtwhenhewasyoung.
△I’mdeeplyindebttoyou.
inhonorof纪念……,为向…表示敬意
△WecelebrateMother’sDayinhonorofourmothers.
inmoderntimes现代
△Computershasbecomeverypopularinmoderntimes.
inone’sopinion/intheopinionofsb.在某人看来
△Mostpeoplecan’taffordthenewhousesinthiscityatleastintheopinionsofmanypeoplehere.
innotime立刻,很快
△Heateupthefoodinnotime.
inpeace平静地;安宁地
△Duringtherest ofhislife,helivedinpeaceinhishometown.
inplace在适当的位置上;适当的
△Herdresswasnotinplace(outofplace)attheceremony.
inpraiseof称赞;歌颂;赞美
△Hewroteacompositioninpraiseofhishometown.
inpublic当众;公开地(=publicly)
inprivate私下地;秘密地
△HedeclaredinpublicthathewouldmarryJane.
insilence作状语时,相当于silently/quiet作表语/宾补时,相当于silent/quiet
△Hehasbeeninsilenceforalongtime.
△WhenIspeak,thelittlegirlusuallylistenstomeinsilence.
inspace在太空;在宇宙里
△Themoonisournearestneighborinspace.
inthatcase如果是那样的话
inanycase无论如何
innocase决不
△Inthatcase,hewouldbesentawayfromschool.
△Inanycase,wemuststartthisevening.
△Innocaseshouldyougiveup.
inthefuture将来
infuture(=fromnowon)从今以后
△Paymuchattentiontoyourpronunciationinfuture.
△Wearenotsurewhatmanwillbelikeinthefuture.
inthepast在过去(句子用过去时)
in/duringthepast/lastfewyears在过去几年(句子用完成时)
△Thepoorlivedadog’slifeinthepast.
inaway在某种程度上,在某种意义上
inthe(one’s)way挡路,妨碍某人
(in)thisway以这种方式;这样
(in)onewayoranother/(in)onewayortheother一种方式;无论如何
onthe(one’s)way在路上;在途中
outofthe(one’s)way不挡路;靠边
bytheway顺便问问
△Inaway,itisagoodfilm.
△Thetreeisintheway.Wemustcutitdown.
△Noonewillbeinthiswayifhereallywantstodoit.
△Youcandoitthisway.
△Alllifeonourplanetdepends,inonewayoranother,onthesun.
△Onthewayhomeaftertoldmeabouttheaccident.
△IgotoutoftheirwayasfastasIcould.
△Bytheway,haveyouseenJohnlately?
7.insiston/upon坚持;硬要(常接观点、意见、主张,侧重一个人的意志)
△Heinsistedonhiscorrectness.
8.insteadof(=inplaceof)代替,而不是(此时为并列连词)
△Hewillgothereinsteadofyou.
△Let’sdrinkteaintheyardinsteadofintheroom.
9.joinin/joinsb.in参加某项活动
takepartin参加群众活动
participatein参加体育活动
△MayIjoininyourconversation?
△Won’tyoujoinusinatennismatch?
△EveryfouryearsathletesfromallovertheworldtakepartintheOlympicGames.
10.juniorto比……年少的;地位低的/seniorto比……年老的(后面不能加than)
△Heisjuniortome.
△Sheisfouryearsseniortome.
11.keeparecordof记录,保留记录
△Iforgotwhathesaid,andwhat’sworseIdidnotkeeparecord.
keepaway(from)避开;离开;使……不靠近
△You’dbetterkeepaway(fromme),Ihaveabadcold.
keepback后退;抑制(感情);隐瞒
△Thepolicemenkeptthecrowdback.
△Shecouldn’tkeepbackheranger(tears).
△Ikeptthebadnewsbackfromher.
keepon继续干;继续前进(=goon,goahead);keep(on)doing/continue/goondoing继续做某事;keep…doing…让一直干
△Hekeptrunningafterher,tryingtocatchher.
△Keepontillyoucometoafillingstation.
△Don’tkeepyourmotherwaiting.
Keep…fromdoing/stop…fromdoing/preventfromdoing/protect…fromdoing
阻止…做某事
△Wemustkeepthemfromgettingtoknowtheplans.
keepfit/keephealth保持健康
△Everybodywantstokeepfit.
keep…inmind/bear…inmind把…记在心里(=remember)
△Pleasekeepwhattheteachersaidinmind.
keepoff不靠近,不碰;不提及;不吃(喝)
△Keepoffthegrass.
△Wekeptoffthetopicofhismarriagewhenshewaspresent.
△Thedoctoradvisedhimtokeepofffattyfood.
keepone’sbalance(of)保持…的平衡;镇定
loseone’sbalance失去平衡;慌乱
breakone’sbalance(of)打破…的平衡
△Hewassurroundedbysomanydangersthathelosthisbalance.
keepoutof不接近(=keepawayfrom);不牵涉,不卷入
△Keepoutoftherailwaytrack.
△Youshouldkeepoutofotherpeople’squarrels.
keepsilent/keepsilence/makenonoise保持沉默,不讲话
keepup保持;维持;继续
keepupwith跟上,不落在后面
△Weshouldkeepupgoodtradition.
△KeepupyourEnglish,you’llfindithelpfulinyourwork.
△Hewalkedsofastthatwecouldn’tkeepupwithhim.
名词性从句
一.名词性从句
主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句,在整个句子中所起的作用,相当于一个名词。
因此,这四种从句通称为名词性从句。
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:
连接词:
that,whether,if(不充当从句的任何成分)
连接代词:
what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,which.
连接副词:
when,where,how,why
1.主语从句
作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。
主语从句通常由从属连词that,whether,if和连接代词what,who,which,whatever,whoever以及连接副词how,when,where,why等词引导。
that在句中无词义,只起连接作用;连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用,在从句中充当从句的成分。
例如:
Whathewantstotellusisnotclear.
Whowillwinthematchisstillunknown.
Itisknowntoushowhebecameawriter.
WheretheEnglisheveningwillbeheldhasnotyetbeenannounced.
有时为避免句子头重脚轻,常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首,而把主语从句置于句末。
主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。
常用句型如下:
(1)It+be+名词+that从句
(2)It+be+形容词+that从句
(3)It+be+动词的过去分词+that从句(4)It+不及物动词+that从句
另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时,谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should)+do”,常用的句型有:
Itisnecessary(important,natural,strange,etc.)that…
Itisapity(ashame,nowonder,etc.)that…
Itissuggested(requested,proposed,desired,etc.)that…
2.宾语从句
名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。
引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样,在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。
1.由连接词that引导的宾语从句
由连接词that引导宾语从句时,that在句中不担任任何成分,在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去,但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。
例如:
HehastoldmethathewillgotoShanghaitomorrow.
Wemustneverthink(that)wearegoodineverythingwhileothersaregoodinnothing.
注意:
在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist,desire,demand,request,command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后,宾语从句常用“(should)+动词原形”。
例如:
Iinsistthatshe(should)doherworkalone.
Thecommanderorderedthattroops(should)setoffatonce.
2.用who,whom,which,whose,what,when,where,why,how,whoever,whatever,whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句,应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。
例如:
Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.
Shealwaysthinksofhowshecanworkwell.
Shewillgivewhoeverneedshelpawarmsupport.
3.用whether或if引导的宾语从句,其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒,仍保持陈述句语序。
此外,whether与if在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether,不用if:
a.引导主语从句并在句首时;b.引导表语从句时;c.引导从句作介词宾语时;d.从句后有“ornot”时;e.后接动词不定式时。
例如:
Whetherthereislifeonthemoonisaninterestingquestion.
Thequestioniswhethersheshouldhavealowopinionofthetest?
Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughmoney.
Iwonderwhetherhewillcomeornot.
Canyoutellmewhethertogoortostay?
4.注意宾语从句中的时态呼应,当主句动词是现在时,从句根据自身的句子情况,而使用
不同时态。
例如:
hestudiesEnglisheveryday.(从句用一般现在时)
hestudiedEnglishlastterm.(从句用一般过去时)
Iknow(that)hewillstudyEnglishnextyear.(从句用一般将来时)
hehasstudiedEnglishsince1998.(从句用现在完成时)
当主句动词是过去时态(could,would除外),从句则要用相应的过去时态,如一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时等;当从句表示的是客观真理,科学原理,自然现象,则从句仍用现在时态。
例如:
TheteachertoldusthatTomhadleftusforAmerica.
5.think,believe,imagine,suppose等等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中,要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。
即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。
例如:
Wedon’tthinkyouarehere.
Idon’tbelievehewilldoso.
3.表语从句
在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。
引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样,表语从句位于连系动词后,有时用asif引导。
其基本结构为:
主语+系动词+that从句。
例如:
Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.
That’sjustwhatIwant.
Thisiswhereourproblemlies.
Thatiswhyhedidn’tcometothemeeting.
Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.
需要注意的,当主语是reason时,表语从句要用that引导而不是because。
例如:
Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathemissedthetrainbyoneminutethismorning
4.同位语从句
同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。
同位语从句通常由that引导,可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。
例如:
试比较下面两个例句:
Ihadnoideathatyouwerehere.(that引导同位语从句,不能省略)
Haveyougottheidea(that)thisbookgivesyouoflifeinancientGreece?
(that引导定语从句,作宾语,可以省略)
1.that即可代表事物也可代表人,which代表事物;它们在从句中作主语或宾语,that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词,which在从句中作宾语则不能省略。
而且,如果which在从句中作“不及物动词+介词”的介词的宾语,注意介词不要丢掉,而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边,但有的则放在它原来的位置
2.which作宾语时,根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系,先行词与which之间的介词不能丢
3.代表物时多用which,但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which,这些词包括all,anything,much等,这时的that常被省略
4.who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人,分别作从句中的主语和宾语,whom作宾语时,要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语
5.where是关系副词,用来表示地点的定语从句
6.when引导定语从句表示时间〔注〕值得一提的是,表示时间“ti
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