从功能对等理论看汉语歇后语的翻译.docx
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从功能对等理论看汉语歇后语的翻译.docx
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从功能对等理论看汉语歇后语的翻译
湖南科技大学
毕业设计(论文)
题目
作者
学院
专业
学号
指导教师
二
一三年月日
OntheEnglishTranslationofTwo-partAllegoricSayings:
FromthePerspectiveofFunctionalEquivalenceTheory
AThesis
Submittedto
SchoolofForeignStudies
HunanUniversityofScienceandTechnology
InPartialFulfillmentof
TheRequirementsfor
TheDegreeofBachelorofArts
By
XieXiang-ping
UndertheSupervisionof
LecturerFangXiao-qing
June,2013
湖南科技大学
毕业设计(论文)任务书
外国语学院应用英语系(教研室)
系(教研室)主任:
(签名)年月日
学生姓名:
谢湘平学号:
0912010108专业:
英语
1设计(论文)题目及专题:
从功能对等理论看歇后语的英译
2学生设计(论文)时间:
自2012年12月5日开始至2013年6月10日止
3设计(论文)所用资源和参考资料:
1)Nida,E.A.1964.TowardaScienceofTranslating[M].Leiden:
Brill.
2)Nida,E.A.1984.OnTranslation[M].Beijing:
ChinaTranslation&PublishingCorporation.
3)Waard,J.D.1986.FromOneLanguagetoAnother[M].Chicago:
ThomasNelsonIncPublishers.
4)陈军,2009,歇后语的文化内涵与翻译策略[J].温州大学学报
(2):
25-27.
5)温端政,1985,歇后语[M].北京:
商务印书馆.
4设计(论文)应完成的主要内容:
歇后语作为一种特殊的文本形式有其独特的特征。
而歇后语的翻译至今为止仍然是翻译的一个难题。
本论文拟以奈达功能对等理论为依据研究影响歇后语翻译的主要因素,并列出歇后语翻译的相应方法。
5提交设计(论文)形式(设计说明与图纸或论文等)及要求:
1)要求学生认真、独立完成毕业论文的写作
2)要求按照学校规定的论文格式撰写论文
3)要求及时同指导老师进行沟通,按步骤完成论文的写作和答辩工作。
6发题时间:
2012年12月10日
指导教师:
(签名)
学生:
(签名)
Acknowledgments
TherearesomanypeoplewhomIwishtoextendmygratitudetoduringmycompositionofthethesisandthepastfouryearsofstudyintheuniversity.
IwouldfirstexpressmyappreciationtoLecturerFangXiao-qing,mysupervisor,whoseguidanceandinsightfulcriticismhavebeengreatlyhelpfulinthewritingofthethesis.Ihavebeenimpressedandinspiredbyherpatienceandencouragement,withoutwhichthispresentstudywouldnothavebeenwhatitis.
MythanksalsogototheSchoolofForeignStudies,HunanUniversityofScienceandTechnology,whereIhadgreatopportunitiestoattendclassesandimprovemyselfinknowledgeaswellasmycharacterformation.
Mygratitudewillalsoextendtomyclassmatesandfriendswhohavehelpedmeallalongthepastfouryearsandwhohavegivenmygoodadviceinmystudy.
Lastbutnotleast,I’dliketoexpressmythankstomyparents.Theirloveandconcernformegivesmeendlessstrengthandcourageonthewaytograduation.
Abstract
Languageisthecarrierofculture,andtheidiomistheessenceoflanguage.Moreover,two-partallegoricsayingsofidiomsaremoreuniqueintheirexpressions.ThereisnocompletelycorrespondingexpressioninEnglish.Therefore,theculturalconnotationoftwo-partallegoricsayingsformedcommunicationgapinthetranslation.Thepurposeofthispaperistodiscusstheguidingsignificanceofequivalenttranslationtheoryinthetranslationpracticeoftwo-partallegoricsayings,torevealtheculturalcharacteristicsoftwo-partallegoricsayingsandtheculturaldifferencesbetweenEnglishandChineselanguage,andtoexplorethetranslationmethodsoftwo-partallegoricsayingsaccordingtoNida'sfunctionalequivalencetheory.
KeyWords:
Two-partallegoricsayings;Nida;functionalequivalencetheory
中文摘要
语言是文化的载体,习语又堪称是语言的精华,而汉语习语中的歇后语更是中国文化独有的表达方式,英语中没有与之完全相对应的表达法。
因此,歇后语所传递的文化内涵在汉译英中便形成了交际空白。
本文旨在以奈达功能对等理论为理论依据,探讨等效翻译理论在歇后语翻译实践中所具有的指导意义,揭示歇后语的文化特色以及英汉语之间的文化差异,进而探讨歇后语的翻译方法。
关键词:
歇后语;奈达;功能对等理论
Contents
Acknowledgmentsi
Abstractii
中文摘要iii
Introduction1
.IntroductiontoTwo-partAllegoricSayings2
1.1DefinitionofTwo-partAllegoricSayings2
1.2TypesofTwo-partAllegoricSayings2
1.3CharacteristicsofTwo-partAllegoricSayings3
1.4FunctionsofTwo-partAllegoricSayings3
1.4.1CommunicativeFunctionofTwo-partAllegoricSayings4
1.4.2RhetoricFuctionofTwo-partAllegoricSayings4
.AnOverviewofFunctionalEquivalence.5
2.1DefinitionofFunctionalEquivalence5
2.2LevelsofFunctionalEquivalence6
2.2.1LexicalEquivalence6
2.2.2SyntacticEquivalence6
2.2.3ContextualEquivalenceandCulturalEquivalence................................................7
.InfluentialFactorandMethodsofTwo-partAllegoricSayingsTranslation8
3.1InfluenceofCulturalFactorUponTwo-partAllegoricSayingsTranslation.8
3.2MethodsofTwo-partAllegoricSayingsTranslation...................................................9
3.2.1LiteralTranslation.......10
3.2.2FreeTranslation.11
3.2.3CombinationofLiteralandFreeTranslation..................................................11
3.2.4LoanTranslation................................................................................................12
3.2.5Annotation................................................................................................13
3.2.6PartialTranslation14
3.2.7UseofAllusions14
Conclusion15
Bibliography16
Introduction
“Two-partallegoricalsayings,whosesecondpartsbearthemainsemanticweight,exhibitsrichsemanticandphonologicaloperations,theyarenotunanalyzedfixedstructuresmemorizedbytheusers;instead,two-partallegoricalsayingsareconceptualinnature,exhibitingmultiplesemanticoperationsamongmetaphor,metonymy,andknowledgeframe”(Lakoff&Johnson2003:
58).Asforthestudyoftwo-partAllegoricSayings,althoughmanyeffortshavebeentakentoexploreit,therearestillsomedifferentideasaboutitsclassifications,translationmethodsandsoon.
InordertohelpthetargetlanguagereadershaveabetterunderstandingaboutChinesetwo-partallegoricsayingsandChineseculture.Itisofgreatimportancetointroducetwo-partallegoricsayingstoforeigncountries.Sotheultimatepurposeofthispaperistoexplorethetranslationmethodsoftwo-partallegoricsayingsunderNida'sfunctionalequivalencetheory.
Basedonthepreviousresearches,thispapertendstoanalyzethetranslationoftwo-partallegoricsayingswithFunctionalEquivalenceasaguidingtheory.Thisthesiscanbedividedintothreechaptersasfollows:
ChapterOneprovidesanintroductiontotwo-partallegoricsayings,includingitsdefinition,classification,characteristicsandfunctions.ChapterTwomakesanoverviewofFunctionalEquivalencetheorywhichconsistsofitsdefinitionandlevels.ChapterThreestartswiththeinfluenceofculturalfactorupontwo-partallegoricsayingstranslation.Thenseveralmethodsoftwo-partallegoricsayingstranslationhavebeencomeupwith.SuchasLiteraltranslation,freetranslation,thecombinationofliteralandfreetranslationandsoon.
.IntroductiontoTwo-partAllegoricSayings
Two-partallegoricsayingsisaveryspecialpartofChineseculture,andcreatedbyancientpeopleaccordingtotheirrichlifeexperiences.ItisakindofspecialhumorouslanguageformandauniquewaytoexpresstheChinesenationalculture.Soitiswidelyusedinpeople’sdailylifeandsometraditionalworks,suchasADreamofRedMansions.Two-partallegoricsayingshasitsowncharacteristics.Firstly,itconsistsoftwopartsinitsform.Secondly,figuresofspeechsuchassimileandpuncanbeeasilyfoundinitscontent.
1.1DefinitionofTwo-partAllegoricSayings
Two-partallegoricsayingshasbeendiscussedsince1930s,butitsdefinitionstillremainscontroversialinspiteofnumerousresearchesanddefinitionsprovidedbyChinesescholars.
Two-partallegoricsayingsbelongstothecommonsayings(idioms),exceptthatithasaparticularstructureofariddle.Two-partallegoricsayingsissimilartoaphraseforitexplainsthemeaningofaphraseintwoparts---thefirstpartcanberegardedasasimileorastatementdescribesariddle,whilethesecondpart,sometimesunstated,carriedamessageastheanswertotheriddle(TheContemporaryChineseDictionaryofIdioms).
1.2TypesofTwo-partAllegoricSayings
Thediscussionsabouttheclassificationhavenotcometoanagreementtillnow.TherepresentativeandwidelyacceptedonesareproposedbyMaGuofanandGaoGedong,SunWeizhang,andeachofthemwinsmanysupporters.
MaGuofanandGaoGedongsaid,“Two-partallegoricsayingscanbedividedintotwotypes:
metaphoricalonesandhomophoniconesaccordingtowhetherthesecondpartuseshomophonesornot”(1979:
18).Theformeronesrefertothosewhosefirstpartsaremetaphorsandsecondpartsareexplanationsforthefirstparts.However,thelatteronesarerelatedtothosewhosesecondpartsusehomophonestoexpressasenseofpun.Asforthelatterone,wecanseethatitisnotall-sidedbecausethesecondpartoftwo-partallegoricsayingsexpressingpunysensewithahomophoneisnotalwaysright.Ontheonehand,forinstance,“七十岁戴眼镜——老花(话)(aseventy-oldpersonwearsglasses—presbyopia(anoldsaying)”(刘淑娟2011:
5).Whileontheotherhand,insomeothercases,suchpunnysensecanbeindicatedbyusingahomograph.Forexample,“一顿饭能吃三升米——肚量大(apersoncaneatthreelitersofriceinonemeal—abigstomach(abroadtolerance)”(刘淑娟2011:
6).
SunWeizhang(1989:
289-291)dividestwo-partallegoricsayingsintotwotypesmetaphoricalonesandpunyones.Andmetaphoricaltwo-partallegoricsayingsincludeexplanatoryones,revealingonesandassociatingonesbasedontherelationshipbetweentwoparts.
1.3CharacteristicsofTwo-partAllegoricSayings
“Two-partallegoricsayingsisubiquitous,vividlyemployingthefullspectumoftraditionalChinesehistoryandimagery,fromtheloftytothemundane”(Rohsenow1991:
59).Which,undoubtedly,isfullofthecolorfulChineseculture.Thefirstpartoftenprovidesavividimageandthesecondpartintendstoexplaintheimplicitmeaningofthefirstpart.Forexample,猫哭耗子——假慈悲(Acatcryingoveramouse'smisfortune—shammercy).Itiseasyforthereaderstoimagineaclearpicturefromthevividdescriptionofthefirstpart,nevertheless,thesecondpartisthetruthandexplanationtothefi
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- 关 键 词:
- 功能 对等 理论 汉语 歇后语 翻译