现代大学英语 精读3 Diogenes and Alexander 原文.docx
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现代大学英语 精读3 Diogenes and Alexander 原文.docx
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DiogenesandAlexander
Lyingonthebareearth,shoeless,bearded,half-naked,helookedlikeabeggaroralunatic(神经病,疯子).Hewasone,butnottheother.Hehadopenedhiseyeswiththesunatdawn(拂晓),scratched,donehisbusinesslikeadogattheroadside,washedatthepublicfountain,beggedapieceofbreakfastbreadandafewolives,eatenthemsquattingontheground,andwashedthemdownwithafewhandfulsofwaterscoopedfromthespring.(Longagohehadownedaroughwoodencup,buthethrewitawaywhenhesawaboydrinkingoutofhishollowedhands.)Havingnoworktogotoandnofamilytoprovidefor,hewasfree.Asthemarketplacefilledupwithshoppersandmerchantsandslavesandforeigners,hehadstrolledthroughitforanhourortwo.Everybodyknewhim,orknewofhim.Theywouldthrowsharpquestionsathimandgetsharperanswers.Sometimestheythrewbitsoffood,andgotscantthanks;sometimesamischievouspebble,andgotashowerofstonesandabuse(漫骂).Theywerenotquitesurewhetherhewasmadornot.Heknewtheyweremad,eachinadifferentway;theyamusedhim.Nowhewasbackathishome.
Itwasnotahouse,notevenasquatter'shut.Hethoughteverybodylivedfartooelaborately,expensively,anxiously.Whatgoodisahouse?
Nooneneedsprivacy:
naturalactsarenotshameful;wealldothesamething,andneednothidethem.Nooneneedsbedsandchairsandsuchfurniture:
theanimalslivehealthylivesandsleepontheground.Allwerequire,sincenaturedidnotdressusproperly,isonegarmenttokeepuswarm,andsomeshelterfromrainandwind.Sohehadoneblanket——todresshiminthedaytimeandcoverhimatnight——andhesleptinacask.HisnamewasDiogenes.HewasthefounderofthecreedcalledCynicism;hespentmuchofhislifeintherich,lazy,corruptGreekcityofCorinth,mockingandsatirizingitspeople,andoccasionallyconvertingoneofthem.
Hishomewasnotabarrelmadeofwood:
tooexpensive.Itwasastoragejarmadeofearthenware,nodoubtdiscardedbecauseabreakhadmadeituseless.Hewasnotthefirsttoinhabitsuchathing,Buthewasthefirstwhoeverdidsobychoice,outofprinciple.
Diogeneswasnotamaniac(疯子).Hewasaphilosopherwhowroteplaysandpoemsandessaysexpounding(解释)hisdoctrine;hetalkedtothosewhocaredtolisten;hehadpupilswhoadmiredhim.Buthetaughtchieflybyexample.Allshouldlivenaturally,hesaid,forwhatisnaturalisnormalandcannotpossiblybeevilorshameful.Livewithoutconventions,whichareartificialandfalse;escapecomplexitiesandextravagances:
onlysocanyouliveafreelife.Therichmanbelieveshepossesseshisbighousewithitsmanyroomsanditselaboratefurniture,hisexpensiveclothes,hishorsesandhisservantsandhisbankaccounts.Hedoesnot.Hedependsonthem,heworriedaboutthem,hespendsmostofhisenergylookingafterthem;thethoughtoflosingthemmakeshimsickwithanxiety.Theyprocessthem,Heistheirslave.Inordertoprocureaquantityoffalse,perishablegoodshehassoldtheonlytrue,lastinggood,hisownindependence.
Therehavebeenmanymenwhogrewtiredofhumansocietywithitscomplications,andwentawaytolivesimply——onasmallfarm,inaquietvillage,inahermit'scave.NotsoDiogenes.Hewasamissionary.Hislife'saimwascleartohim:
itwas"torestampthecurrency〃:
totakethecleanmetalofhumanlife,toerasetheoldfalseconventionalmarkings,andtoimprintitwithitstruevalues.
TheothergreatphilosophersofthefourthcenturyBC,suchasPlatoandAristotle,taughtmainlytheirownprivatepupils.ButforDiogenes,laboratoryandspecimensandlecturehallsandpupilswerealltobefoundinacrowdofordinarypeople.Therefore,hechosetoliveinAthensorCorinth,wheretravelersfromallovertheMediterraneanworldconstantlycameandwent.And,bydesign,hepubliclybehavedinsuchwaysastoshowpeoplewhatreallifewas.
Hethoughtmostpeoplewereonlyhalf-alive,mostmenonlyhalf-men.Atbrightnoondayhewalkedthroughthemarketplacecarryingalightedlampandinspectingthefaceofeveryonehemet.Theyaskedhimwhy.Diogenesanswered,"Iamtryingtofindaman."
Toagentlemanwhoseservantwasputtingonhisshoesforhim,Diogenessaid,"Youwon'tbereallyhappyuntilhewipesyournoseforyou:
thatwillcomeafteryoulosetheuseofyourhands."
Oncetherewasawarscaresoseriousthatitstirredeventhelazy,profit-happyCorinthians.Theybegantodrill,cleantheirweapons,andrebuildtheirneglectedfortifications.Diogenestookhisoldcaskandbegantorollitupanddown,backandforward."Whenyouareallsobusy,"hesaid,"IfeltIoughttodosomething!
"
Andsohelived一likeadog,somesaid,becausehecarednothingforconventionsofsociety,andbecauseheshowedhisteethandbarkedatthosehedisliked.Nowhewaslyinginthesunligh
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