Windows Server Terminal Server Capacity and Scaling.docx
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Windows Server Terminal Server Capacity and Scaling.docx
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WindowsServerTerminalServerCapacityandScaling
WindowsServer 2003TerminalServerCapacityandScaling
MicrosoftCorporation
Published:
June2003
Abstract
MicrosoftWindowsTerminalServerletsusersrunWindows®-basedapplicationsonaremotecomputerrunningoneoftheWindowsServer 2003familyofoperatingsystems.Thiswhitepapercontainstestingmethodologies,results,analysis,andsizingguidelinesforWindowsServer 2003TerminalServer.HewlettPackardworkedincooperationwithMicrosofttoperformtheinitialsizingtestsanddatacollectioninHPlabs.MicrosoftperformedthefinalroundoftestingandanalysiscollectionusingHewlettPackardequipment.ThetestswereperformedusingWindowsServer 2003,EnterpriseEdition,build3790.
Thisisapreliminarydocumentandmaybechangedsubstantiallypriortofinalcommercialreleaseofthesoftwaredescribedherein
TheinformationcontainedinthisdocumentrepresentsthecurrentviewofMicrosoftCorporationontheissuesdiscussedasofthedateofpublication.BecauseMicrosoftmustrespondtochangingmarketconditions,itshouldnotbeinterpretedtobeacommitmentonthepartofMicrosoft,andMicrosoftcannotguaranteetheaccuracyofanyinformationpresentedafterthedateofpublication.
Thisdocumentisforinformationalpurposesonly.MICROSOFTMAKESNOWARRANTIES,EXPRESSORIMPLIED,ASTOTHEINFORMATIONINTHISDOCUMENT.
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Microsoftmayhavepatents,patentapplications,trademarks,copyrights,orotherintellectualpropertyrightscoveringsubjectmatterinthisdocument.ExceptasexpresslyprovidedinanywrittenlicenseagreementfromMicrosoft,thefurnishingofthisdocumentdoesnotgiveyouanylicensetothesepatents,trademarks,copyrights,orotherintellectualproperty.
Theexamplecompanies,organizations,products,peopleandeventsdepictedhereinarefictitious.Noassociationwithanyrealcompany,organization,product,personoreventisintendedorshouldbeinferred.
©2003MicrosoftCorporation.Allrightsreserved.
Microsoft,Windows,theWindowslog,andWindowsServerareeitherregisteredtrademarksortrademarksofMicrosoftCorporationintheUnitedStatesand/orothercountries.
Thenamesofactualcompaniesandproductsmentionedhereinmaybethetrademarksoftheirrespectiveowners.
Contents
Introduction1
ResultsOverview2
ServerCapacity2
SystemandUserMemoryRequirements3
ComparisonwithTerminalServicesRunningonWindows 20003
TestEnvironmentandTestingTools5
TestEnvironment5
TestingToolsandScripts6
TestingMethodology9
AnalysisoftheResults11
Overview11
MemoryRequirementsandUtilization11
NetworkUsage14
EffectofIncreasedColorDepth(16bit)15
EffectofFileRedirection15
EffectofPrinterRedirection16
EffectofLogonActivityonCPUUtilization16
EffectofKernelAddressSpaceLimitations17
EffectofTypingRateonCPUUtilization20
EffectofBackgroundSpelling-andGrammar-Checking20
PerformingYourOwnScalingTests21
ToTestorPilot?
21
DeterminingApplicationSuitability21
CharacterizationofUsers22
NetworkEnvironment22
AppendixA:
TestScriptFlowCharts23
KnowledgeWorkerScript23
DataEntryWorkerScript25
AppendixB:
TerminalServerSettings26
AppendixC:
HPServerspecifications28
TheProLiantAdvantage28
ProLiantServerModels29
ProLiantServersinaSBCEnvironment29
TestedServers31
SBCSolutionSizing32
RelatedLinks34
Introduction
MicrosoftWindowsTerminalServerletsusersrunWindows®-basedapplicationsonaremoteWindows 2000orWindows2003-basedserver.Thiswhitepapercontainstestingmethodologies,results,analysis,andsizingguidelinesforWindowsServer 2003TerminalServer.HewlettPackardworkedincooperationwithMicrosofttoperformtheinitialsizingtestsanddatacollectioninHPlabs.FinaltestinganddatacollectionwasperformedatMicrosoftusingHewlettPackardservers.ThetestswereperformedusingWindowsServer 2003,EnterpriseEdition,build3790.
ForinformationonTerminalServerfeatures,licensingandarchitecture,see
Inaserver-basedcomputingenvironment,allapplicationexecutionanddataprocessingoccurontheserver.Thereforeitisextremelyusefulanddesirableforservermanufacturerstotestthescalabilityandcapacityoftheirserverstodeterminehowmanyclientsessionsaservercantypicallysupportunderavarietyofdifferentscenarios.Microsoft,usingmultipleHewlettPackardhardwareconfigurations,testedWindowsServer 2003TerminalServertoprovidecustomerswithguidelinestochoosetherightserveraccordingtotheirneeds.
Theresultsandanalysiscontainedhereshouldnotbeinterpretedinisolation.Theclientapplicationsusedinthetest(componentsofMicrosoft®Office 2000)arenoteasytocharacterizewithoutaccountingforthefeaturesordatasetsanindividualusesorcreates.TwodifferentuserscenariosaretestedinaccordancewithGartnerGrouprecommendations(“KnowledgeWorker”and“DataEntryWorker”),buttheactualapplications,features,anddatasetsusedintheseuserscenarioscannotpreciselymimictheexperienceofareal-lifeuseronamoment-by-momentbasis.Thetestsassumearatherroboticquality,withuserstakingnoprolongedbreaksandessentiallyusingthesamefunctionsanddatasetsduringatentothirtyminuteperiodofactivity.Inshort,yourresultsmayvary.
Theresultsareconservative,withaserverconsideredtobeatcapacitywhentheserveris10percentslowerthanitwaswithasingleuserload.Withthisinmind,considerbuyingaserverthatwill,basedontheanalysis,comfortablyaccommodatetherequirednumberofusersundertheexpectedpeakworkload,leavingroomforexpansion.
ResultsOverview
ServerCapacity
Theactualnumberofusersthataspecificconfigurationofservercansupportvariesdependingonseveralcriteriasuchastheprocessortype,theamountofthememory,theharddisk,thenetworkconfiguration,andtheusertype(typingspeed,applicationsused,frequency,andsoforth).SeeTable 1forserverconfigurationsfortypesofusers.
Table 1 MaximumUsersbyScenarioandServerType
ServerConfiguration
ModelNumber
KnowledgeWorker
DataEntryWorker
4xIntelXeonProcessorsMP
2GHz
2MBL2Cache
4096MB
DL560
270Users,
520Users3
2xIntelXeonProcessors
2.4GHz
2MBL2Cache
4096MB
DL360G3
200Users
440Users
1xIntelXeonProcessors
2.4GHz
2MBL2Cache
4096MB
DL360G3
140Users
200Users
2xIntelXeonProcessors
2.4GHz
2MBL2Cache
4096MB
DL380G3
200Users3
440Users
2xIntelXeonProcessors
2.4GHz
2MBL2Cache
4096MB
BL20pG2
200Users3
440Users
1xIntelUltraLowVoltagePentiumIII
900MHz
1024MB
BL10e
50Users
120Users
4xIntelXeonProcessorsMP
2.0GHz
2MBL2Cache
4096MB
BL40p
240Users3
NotTested
xPentiumIIIXeon
550MHz
2MBL2Cache
4096MB
ProLiant6400R
170Users
NotTested
Figure1MaximumUsersbyScenarioandProcessorConfiguration
onIntelXeonSystems
SystemandUserMemoryRequirements
Table 2containsgeneralguidelinesforWindowsServer 2003TerminalServicesmemoryrequirements,basedontheresultsachievedintheperformancelab.
Table 2 RecommendedMemory
KnowledgeWorkers
DataEntryWorkers
Memoryperuser(MB)
9.5
3.5
SystemMemory(MB)
128
TotalMemory
System+(#ofUsersxMemoryperUser)
ComparisonwithTerminalServicesRunningonWindows 2000
Bydefault,TerminalServeronWindowsServer 2003istunedtoaccommodateapproximately80percentmoreusersthanWindows 2000Server.Thisismadepossiblebecauseofbetterutilizationofthelimited32-bitvirtualaddressspacebythekernel.Thesystemmustallocatevirtualresourcesforloggedinusers,whethertheyareactiveornot,evenwhentheyaredisconnected.Thesevirtuallimitationscannotbeovercomebyaddingphysicalresourcestoacomputer.Becauseoftheseconstraints,TerminalServicesonWindows 2000Serverislesseffectiveatutilizingthefasterhardwarethatisavailabletoday.Forexample,acomputerrunningWindowsServer 2003TerminalServerthatcanaccommodate280knowledgeworkerscanonlyaccommodate160knowledgeworkersifitisrunningWindows 2000Server.WindowsServer 2003TerminalServerprovidesbetterdefaultscalingfortoday’shardware.Figure 2showsthemaximumnumberofuserssupportedonWindows 2000ServeragainstWindowsServer 2003.
Figure 2 Maximumnumberofuserssupportedbeforereachingkerneladdressspacelimitations
Ontheotherhand,onacomputerwherethemaximumnumberofusersislimitedbyphysicallimitations,suchasCPUsaturationorphysicalmemoryavailability,WindowsServer 2003TerminalServerscaledtothesamenumberofusersasWindows 2000Server.Forexample,ifa4x550MHzprocessorcomputerrunningWindows 2000Serverscalesupto170usersrunningtheKnowledgeWorkerscenario,WindowsServer 2003willscaletothesamenumberofusers.
TestEnvironmentandTestingTools
ThetestingwascompletedbyHewlettPackardandMicrosoftusingspecifictestscriptsandtools.ThetestlaboratoryusedHewlettPackardservers.AllsettingsaredefinedinAppendixB:
TerminalServerSettings.Overviewsoftheserverspecificationsarein
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