国际商法复习重点整理.docx

国际商法复习重点整理.docx

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国际商法复习重点整理

国际商法复习重点整理

考试题型：

选择题10*2=20

判断题10*1=10

名词解释5*5=25

简答题3*6=18

案例分析6*2=12

论述15

1.Legalsystem（两种法律体系的区别和特点）

Civillawsystem:

1）statutorylaw,basedonacomprehensivecode

              2）France,Germany,Switzerlandetc

              3）emphasizetheimportanceofwrittenlaw

              4）casehasnolegalvalidity

Commonlawsystem:

1）derivedfromcustom,usageandcourtdecisionorcourt-establishedlaw

                  2）England,USA,Canadaetc

                  3）evolvesthroughcaseprecedent,bindingthelater

2．Incoterms2000（theInternationalRulesfortheInterpretationofTradeTermsrevisedin2000byInternationalChamberofCommerce）

UCP600（theUniformCustomsandPracticeforCommercialDocumentaryCreditsrevisedin2007byInternationalChamberofCommerce）（了结）

3.LegalCharacteristicsofcorporation:

（1）OwnershipofProperty

（2）Independentlegalpersonality/status

（3）Centralizedmanagement

（4）LimitedLiability:

shareholderssharelimitedliabilitytotheextentofcapitalcontribution   

4.ClassificationofCorporation（比较和区别这两种公司）

（1）CorporationwithLimitedLiability

a.thenumberofshareholdersconfinedbylawandregulation

b.stocksnotissuedandcouldnotbefreelytransferred

 （Transferofstocksbestrictlyrestricted.Underthesamecondition,othershareholdersown

c.priorityinbuyingthisstock.Thus,therelationshipbetweenshareholdersismuchstable）shareholdersassumelimitedliabilitytocorporation

d.evidentcharacteristicofpersonalclosure

（2）CorporationLimitedbyShares

a.thenumberofshareholdersnotlimited,usuallymultitudinous

b.thetotalcapitaldividedintoequalstock

c.stockbepubliclyissuedandcouldbefreelytransferredaccordinglaw

d.therightofownershipandthatofoperationbeseparate

e.thescaleismuchbiggerthanthatofcorporationwithlimitedliability

5.（比较子公司和分公司区别）

Subsidiary:

（1）legalperson;

（2）independentlyassumecivilresponsibility,althoughbecontrolledsomewhatbyparentcorporation.

Branch:

（1）withnolegalpersonstatus;

（2）itscivilresponsibilitybeassumedbythehomecorporation

（最主要的区别：

子公司是独立的法人，分公司不是独立法人）

6．Merger：

（）比较吸收合并和新设合并的区别

（1）mergerbyamalgamation（吸收合并）

Whenacorporationhasanothercorporationamalgamatedwithit,itismergerbyamalgamation,andtheamalgamatedcorporationshallbedissolved

（2）mergerbynewestablishment（新设合并）

Whentwoormorecorporationsmergetoestablishanewcorporation,itismergerfornewestablishment,andallpartiesbeingmergedshallbedissolved

（whencorporationsmerge,theclaimsanddebtsofallthepartiestothemergershallbesucceededtobythecorporationthatcontinuestoexistafterthemergerorbythenewlyestablishedcorporation.）

7．ApplicabilityofCISG

（1）Thecontractisforthecommercialsaleofgoods;

（2）ItisbetweenpartieswhoseplacesofbusinessareindifferentStates（nationalityorcitizenshipofindividualsisnotadeterminingfactor）;

8．Reservation（中国对CISG做的两项保留）

a.thereservationtowardstheapplicablescopeofCISG:

ChinaagreesthatCISGshallbelimitedlyappliedtoacontractofsaleenteredintobyandbetweenthepartieswhosebusinesspremisesarelocatedinthecontractingStatesofCISG,don’tagreetoexpandtheapplicablescopeofCISGinaccordancewiththeconflictrules;

b.thereservationtowardstheformofacontract.

9.StructureandScopeofPICC

Eacharticleisaccompaniedby

（1）commentsandwhereappropriateby

（2）factualillustrationsintendedtoexplainthereasonsfortheblackletterruleandthedifferentwaysinwhichitmayoperateinpractice.

10．ContractualCapacity

（1）CommonLaw

therearethreeclassesofpersonswhoarenotconsideredtohavesufficientcapacitytobeboundbythecontract:

a.Minors（typicallyunder18）

b.MentallyImpairedorIncompetentPersons

c.DrunkPersons

（2）China

Therearethreeclassesofcapacity:

a.Fullcapacity（age18orabove,adult）

b.Limitedcapacity（aminoraged10orabove;amentallyillpersonwhoisunabletofullyaccountforhisownconduct）

c.Nocapacity（aminorundertheage10;amentallyillpersonwhoisunabletoaccountforhisownconduct）

（判断：

minor都是限制行为人。

错）

11.Offer

AnOfferisastatementbyonepartytoanotherindicatinganintentiontoenterintoacontractonspecifiedterms.

ChinaContractLawdefinethatanofferisanintentindicationshowingthedesiretoenterintoacontractwithothers

12.WithdrawalandRevocationofOffer（区分撤消和撤回）

Beforeanofferbecomeseffective,theofferorcanwithdrawtheoffer;Afteranofferbecomeseffective,theofferorcanrevoketheoffer.

13．CISG和我国合同法的对比（不可撤消情形）

CISG        

a.ifitindicates,whetherbystatingafixedtimeforacceptanceorotherwisethatitisirrevocable;or

b.ifitwasreasonablefortheoffereetorelyontheofferasbeingirrevocableandtheoffereehasactedinrelianceontheoffer.

ChinaContractLaw

a）theofferorhasspecifiedatimelimitfortheacceptanceorhasexplicitlyindicatedinanyothermannertheirrevocabilityoftheoffer;b）therearegroundsfortheoffereetomaintaintheirrevocabilityoftheofferandtheoffereehasmadepreparationsforthefulfillmentofthecontract.

14.RequirementsofAcceptance

a.Anacceptancemustbemadebytheofferee;

b.Anacceptancemustbecommunicatedtotheofferororhisagent;

c.Anacceptancemustbemadewithintheperiodofvalidity（lateacceptanceisacounteroffer）

d.Anacceptancemustmatchthetermsoftheofferexactlyandunequivocally

15.Consideration

Considerationisoneofthethreeelementsofcontractformationincommonlaw.Itissomebenefitreceivedbyapartywhogivesapromiseorperformsanact,orsomedetrimentsufferedbyapartywhoreceivesapromise.Inanotherword,considerationiswhatisactuallygivenoracceptedinreturnforapromise

16.了解哪种法律使用哪种主义

a.Underthecommonlawsystem,acontractisformedwhentheacceptanceisdispatchedbytheofferee.Thetimeofdispatchisthetimetheletterisputintothehandsofthepostalauthorities,whichisknownas“Mail-boxrule”.（投邮主义）

b.Undermostcivillawstates,theReceipttheoryisused。

（到达主义）

17.PromissoryEstoppel（禁止反言，考名词解释）

a.Thedoctrineofpromissoryestoppelpreventsonepartyfromwithdrawingapromisemadetoanotherpartyifthelatterhasreasonablyreliedonthatpromiseandacteduponittohisdetriment

b.Estoppelisanequitabledoctrinethatprovidesforthecreationoflegalobligationsifapartyhasgivenanotheranassuranceandtheotherhasreliedontheassurancetohisdetriment

18.AccordingtointerpretationbytheSupremeCourtofthePeople’sRepublicofChina,substantialmisunderstandingrefersto

a.Misunderstandingtothenatureofcontract;

b.Misunderstandingtotheotherparty;

c.Misunderstandingtothequalityofthecontractedobject;

d.Misunderstandingtotheassortmentofthecontractedobject;

e.Misunderstandingtothepriceandexpenses

19.standardterms

“Standardclauses”meanstheclausesthatareformulatedinanticipationbyapartyforthepurposeofrepeatedusageandthatarenotaresultofconsultationwiththeotherpartyinthemakingofthecontract.”

20.DefenseforPerformDenial  

ChinaContractLawprovidesthreekindsofdefensefordenialtoperformhis/herduties:

thecounterargumentrightforsimultaneousperformance（同时履行抗辩权）,rightofpleaagainsttheperformanceinadvance（后履行抗辩权）,counterargumentrightforsecurity（不安抗辩权）.

21ImpossibilityofPerformance

ChinaContractLaw

Art.110ofChinaContractLawallowsnon-performancewhenimpossibilityofperformanceexits,

“Ifeitherpartyfailstodischargenon-pecuniarydebtorfailstodischargenon-pecuniarydebtascontracted,theotherpartymaydemandthedischarge,exceptinanyofthefollowingsituations:

　（a）legallyorpracticallythedischargeisimpossible;

　（b）thetargetedmatterofthedebtisunsuitableforacompulsorydischargeortooexpensiveforthedischarge;or

　（c）thecreditordoesnotdemandthedischargewithinareasonableperiodoftime

ForceMajeure（不可抗力）

Thecontractlawgivesadefinitiononforcemajeure,“Forcemajeuremeansobjectivesituationswhichcannotbeforeseen,avoidedorovercome.”

22.AnticipatoryBreach（预期违约，考名词解释）

Onecontractingpartymayinformtheotherparty,beforethetimefixedforperformanceunderthecontract,thathewillnotperformhisobligationsunderthecontract.Inthissituation,theinnocentpartyisentitledtoterminateperformanceofthecontractimmediately.

ChinaContractLawprovidesbothexplicitandimplicitanticipatorybreach,ifeitherpartyexplicitlyexpressesorindicatesbyactitsintentionnottoperformitsobligationsunderthecontract,theotherpartymay,beforetheexpirationoftheperiodoffulfillment,demandthatthepartyinquestionbeartheliabilityforbreachofcontract.

23.Charterparties（主观题）

a.VoyageCharterparties

Voyagecharterpartiesmeansthatachartererhiresashipanditscrewforthecarriageofgoodsfromoneplacetoanother.Theowneragreestoprovideashipatanamedportandtocarrythegoodstothecontracteddestination

b.TimeCharterparties

Thechartererusesashipforastatedperiodoftime.Hecandirecttheshiptoproceedtowhereveritisneeded.

Thecharterernormallypays“hire”monthly,theshipownerwillbeentitledtowithdrawtheshipifamonthlyinstallmentisnotpaidpromptly.

c.CharterpartiesbyDemise

alsobareboatcharterpartyinAmericanlaw,meansthatthechartererobtainspossessionandcontroloftheshipandputsinhisownmasterandcrew.

24.BillofLading（名词解释）

Abillofladingisadocumentissuedbya