Culture Shock.docx
- 文档编号:11077985
- 上传时间:2023-02-24
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:15
- 大小:26.94KB
Culture Shock.docx
《Culture Shock.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《Culture Shock.docx(15页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
CultureShock
Unit1CultureShockandtheProblemofAdjustmentinNewCulturalEnvironments
KalveroOberg
1Cultureshockmightbecalledanoccupationaldiseaseofpeoplewhohavebeensuddenlytransplantedabroad.Likemostailments,ithasitsownsymptomsandcure.
2Cultureshockisprecipitatedbytheanxietythatresultsfromlosingallourfamiliarsignsandsymbolsofsocialintercourse.Thosesignsorcuesincludethethousandandonewaysinwhichweorientourselvestothesituationofdailylife:
whentoshakehandsandwhattosaywhenwemeetpeople,whenandhowtogivetips,howtomakepurchases,whentoacceptandwhentorefuseinvitations*whentotakestatementsseriouslyandwhennot.Thesecues,whichmaybewords,gestures,facialexpressions,customs,ornorms,areacquiredbyallofusinthecourseofgrowingupandareasmuchapartofourcultureasthelanguagewespeakorthebeliefsweaccept.Allofusdependforourpeaceofmindandourefficiencyonhundredsofthesecues,mostofwhichwedonotcarryonthelevelofconsciousawareness.
3Nowwhenanindividualentersastrangeculture,allormostofthesefamiliarcuesareremoved.Heorsheislikeafishoutofwater.Nomatterhowbroad-mindedorfullofgoodwillyoumaybe,aseriesofpropshavebeenknockedfromunderyou,followedbyafeelingoffrustrationandanxiety.Peoplereacttothefrustrationinmuchthesameway.Firsttheyrejecttheenvironmentwhichcausesthediscomfort.“Thewaysofthehostcountryarebadbecausetheymakeusfeelbad."Whenforeignersinastrangelandgettogethertogrouseaboutthehostcountryanditspeople,youcanbesuretheyaresufferingfromcultureshock.Anotherphaseofcultureshockisregression.Thehomeenvironmentsuddenlyassumesatremendousimportance.Tothefore18nereverythingbecomesirrationallyglorified.Allthedifficultiesandproblemsareforgottenandonlythegoodthingsbackhomeareremembered.Itusuallytakesatriphometobringonebacktoreality.
4Someofthesymptomsofcultureshockarcexcessivewashingofthehands,excessiveconcernoverdrinkingwater,fooddishes,andbedding;fearofphysicalcontactwithattendants,theabsent-mindedstare;afeelingofhelplessnessandadesirefordependenceonlongtermresidentsofone'sownnationality;fitsofangeroverminorfrustrations;greatconcernoverminorpainsanderuptionsoftheskin;
andfinally,thatterriblelongingtobebackhome.
5Individualsdiffergreatlyinthedegreesinwhichcultureshockaffectsthem.Althoughnotcommon,thereareindividualswhocannotliveinforeigncountries.However;thosewhohaveseenpeoplegothroughcultureshockandontoasatisfactoryadjustmentcandiscernstepsintheprocess.Duringthefirstfewweeksmostindividualsarefascinatedbythenew.Theystayinhotelsandassociatewithnationalswhospeaktheir1anguageandarepoliteandgracioustoforeigners.Thishoneymoonstagemaylastfromafewdaysorweekstosixmonths,dependingoncircumstances.Ifoneisveryimportant,heorshewillbeshowntheshowplaces,willbepampcredandpetted,andinapressinterviewwillspeakglowinglyaboutgoodwillandinternationalfriendship.
6Butthismentalitydoesnotnormallylastiftheforeignvisitorsremainsabroadandhasseriouslytocopewithrealconditionsoflife.Itisthenthatthesecondstagebegins,characterizedbyahostileandaggressiveattitudetowardthehostcountry.Thishostilityevidentlygrowsoutofthegenuinedifficultywhichthevisitorexperiencesintheprocessofadjustment.Therearehousetroubles,transportationtroubles,shoppingtroubles,andthefactthatpeopleinthehost
countryarelargelyindifferenttoallthesetroubles..Theyhelp,buttheydon'tunderstandyourgreatconcernoverthesedifficulties.Therefore,theymustbeinsensitiveandunsympathetictoyouandyourworries.Theresult,“Ijustdon'tlikethem.”Youbecomeaggressive,youbandtogetherwithothersfromyourcountryandcriticizethehostcountry,itsways,anditspeople.Butthiscriticismisnotanobjectiveappraisal.Insteadoftryingtoaccountfortheconditionsandthehistoricalcircumstanceswhichhavecreatedthem,youtalkasifthedifficultiesyouexperiencearemoreorlesscreatedbythepeopleofthehostcountryforyourspecialdiscomfort.
7Youtakerefugeinthecolonyofothersfromyourcountrywhichoftenbecomesthefountainheadofemotionallychargedlabelsknownasstereotypes.Thisisapeculiarkindofoffensiveshorthandwhichcaricaturesthehostcountryanditspeopleinanegativemanner.The“dollargraspingAmerican”andthe"indolentLatinAmericans"aresamplesofmildformsofstereotypes.Thesecondstageofcultureshockisinasenseacrisisinthedisease.Ifyoucomeoutofit,youstay;ifnot,you1eavebeforeyoureachthestageofanervousbreakdown.
8Ifvisitorssucceedingettingsomeknowledgeofthelanguageandbegintogetaroundbythemselves,theyarebeginningtoopenthewayintothenewculturalenvironment.Visitorsstillhavedifficultiesbuttheytakea“thisismyproblemandIhavetobearit”attitude.Usuallyinthisstagevisitorstakeasuperiorattitudetopeopleofthehostcountry.Theirsenseofhumorbeginstoexertitself.Insteadofcriticizing,theyjokeaboutthepeopleandevencrackjokesabouttheirowndifficulties.Theyarenowonthewaytorecovery.
9Inthefourthstage,youradjustmentisaboutascompleteasitcanbe.Thevisitornowacceptsthecustomsofthecountryasjustanotherwayofliving.Youoperatewithinthenewsurroundingswithoutafeelingofanxiety,althoughtherearemomentsofsocialstrain.Onlywithacompletegraspofallthecuesofsocialintercoursewillthisstraindisappear.Foralongtimetheindividualwillunderstandwhatthenationalissayingbutisnotalwayssurewhatthenationalmeans.Withacompleteadjustmentyounotonlyacceptthefood,drinks,habits,andcustoms,butactuallybegintoenjoythem:
Whenyougohomeonleave,youmayeventakethingsbackwithyou;andifyouleaveforgood,yougenerallymissthecountryandthepeopletowhomyoubecameaccustomed.
NewWords
1.1ailmentn.轻微的病,小病
1.2,symptomn.症状,病症
2.1.precipitate[pri‵sipiteit]vt.突然陷入,引起
2.2.intercoursen.交际,往来
2.3.cue[kju:
]n.提示,暗示,现象
2.4.orientvt.使……适应,调整
2.5.normn.标准,规范一
3.1.propn.支柱,支撑物
3.2.frustrationn.挫折,失意
3.3.grouse[graus]vi.发牢骚,抱怨
4.1.eruptionn.疹子
5.1.graciousadj.和蔼可亲的
5.2.pampervt.纵容,使……满足
6.1.mentalityn.精神,智力
6.2.hostileadj.敌视的,对……不友好的
6.3.aggressiveadj.过分的,攻击的‘
6.4.appraisaln.估价,评价
7.1.stereotypen.陈规老套,陈词滥调
7.2.caricaturevt.使……变得滑稽,歪曲
7.3.indolentadj.懒惰的,不积极的
Phrases
1.1.thousandandone许许多多的,很多的
6.1.indifferentto对……漠不关心,无所谓
7.1.takerefuge避难,躲避
Notes
1.pressinterview记者采访,新闻采访2.forgood永久,永远
Comprehension
Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordirt8:
toyourunderstandingofthearticle.Yourteachermaywantyoutoanswerthesequestionsorally,inwriting,orbyunderliningappropriatepartsofthetext.True/falseitemsareindicatedbyaT/Fprecedingastatement.
1.Whatprecipitatescultureshock?
2.Obergoutlinesfourstepsinadjustingtoanewculture:
Describeeachstageanditscharacteristics.
3;T/FCultureshockcanneverbecured.
4.T/FWeshouldtrytoavoidcultureshock.
Discussion/Composition
1.Haveyoueverexperiencedcultureshock?
Describeyoursymptoms.Whatadvicedoyouhaveforpeoplewhosufferfromcultureshock?
2.Usingexamples;describethebehaviorofvisitorstoyourhomeculturewhosufferfromcultureshock.I
3.Thisarticledealswiththeanxietyofvisitinganotherculture.Onceonehasadjustedtoaforeignculture,however,onemayexperience“reversecultureshock”uponreturninghome.Whatdoyouthinkarethesymptomsofthisrelated"disease"?
Vocabularyfromcontext
Boththeideasandthevocabularyintheexercisebelowaretakenfrom“CultureShockandtheProblemofAdjustmentinNewCulturalEnvironments."Usethecontextprovidedtodeterminethemeaningsoftheitalicizedwords.Writeadefinition,synonym,ordescriptionofeachoftheitalicizedvocabularyitemsinthespaceprovided.
Exercise1'
1._______________________Illnessesspecifictoworkersinaparticularoccupationareknownasoccupationaldiseases.CulturalShockisan2._________________________________occupationaldiseaseforpeoplewhotravel.Itisprecipitatedbytheanxietyoflivinginastrangeculture.
3._______________________________Suddenlyfindingyourselfinastrangecountrycanberatherfrightening.Youloseallofthepropsthatgenerally
4._______________________supportyou,allofthefamiliarcuesthatprovideinformation
5._________________________aboutwhattodo.Withoutfamiliarpropsandcuestoorient
6.___________________youinunfamiliarsituationsitbecomesdifficulttocopewithlifeinanewsetting.Everythingcanseemdifferent.Youdon't
7.______________________evenknowhowmuchtotipacabdriverorawaiterinarestaurant.Inthissituation,youcanloseasenseoflogic,
8._________________________developingirrationalfearofthelocalpeople.9.__________________________Peoplereactdifferentlytovisitingdifferentcultures.Peoplewhoareveryimportant,liketheleadersofacountry,willbetreatedverycarefully.Becausetheyarepamperedand
10._________________petted,theymaynotbecomeuncomfortable.Othersmayfeel
11.___________veryuncomfortableandspendtheirtimegrousingto
whomeverwilllistenabouthowunfriendlythenativesare.
12.__________________________Onesymptomofcultureshockistheinabilitytoseethehostnationalsasrealpeople.Insteadonetendstocreate
13._______
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- Culture Shock