医学英语教程Chapter 3.docx
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医学英语教程Chapter 3.docx
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医学英语教程Chapter3
Chapter3.
I.Introduction
Thischapterhasthreepurposes.Thefirstpurposeistoteachmanyofthemostcommonsuffixesinthemedicallanguage.Asyouworkthroughtheentirebook,thesuffixesmasteredinthischapterwillappearoften.AnadditionalgroupofsuffixesispresentedinChapter6.
Thesecondpurposeistointroducenewcombiningformsandusethemtomakeworkswithsuffixes.YouranalysisoftheterminologyinSectionIIIofthischapterwillincreasetourmedicallanguagewocabulary.
Thethirdpurposeistoexpandyourunderstandingofterminologybeyondbasicwordanalgsis.TheappendicesinSectionIVpresentillustrationsandadditionalexplanationsofnewterms.YourshouldrefertotheseappendicesasyourcompletethemeaningsoftermsinSectionIII.
II.CombiningForms
Readthislistandunderlinethosecombiningformsthatareunfamiliar
CombiningForms
CombiningFormMeaning
Abdomin/oabdomen
Acr/oextremities,top,extremepoint
Acu/osharp,severe,sudden
Aden/ogland
Agor/amarketplace
Amni/oamnion
Angi/ovessel
Arteri/oartery
Arthr/ojoint
Axill/oarmpit
Blephar/oeyelid
Bronch/obronchialtubes
Carcin/ocancer
Chem/odrug,chemical
Chondr/ocartilage
Chron/otime
Col/ocolon
Cyst/ourinarybladder
Encephal/obrain
Hydr/owater,fluid
Inguin/ogroin
Isch/otoholdback
Lapar/oabdomen,abdominalwall
Laryng/olarynx
Lymph/olymph
Lymph,aclearfluidthatbathestissuespaces,iscontainedinspeciallymphvesselsandnodesthroughoutthebody
Mamm/obreast
Mast/obreast
Morph/oshape,form
Muc/omucus
My/omuscle
Myel/ospinalcord,bonemarrow
Contextofusageindicatesthemeaningintended
Necr/odeath
Nephr/okidney
Neur/onerve
Neutr/oneurophil
Ophthalm/oeye
Oste/obone
Ot/oear
Path/odisease
Peritone/operitoneum
Phag/otoeat,swallow
Phleb/ovein
Plas/oformation,development
Pleur/opleura
Pneumon/olungs
Pulmon/olungs
Rect/orectum
Ren/okidney
Sarc/oflesh
Splen/ospleen
Staphyl/oclysters
Strept/otwistedchains
Thorac/ochest
Thromb/oclot
Tonsill/otonsils
Trache/otrachea
Ven/ovein
III.SuffixesandTerminology
NounSuffixes
Thefollowinglistincludescommonnounsuffixes.Afterthemeaningofeachsuffix,terminologyillustratestheuseofthesuffixinvariouswords.Rememberthebasicruleforbuildingamedicalterm:
Useacombiningvowel,suchaso,toconnecttheroottothesuffix.However,dropthecombiningvowelifthesuffixbeginswithavowel.Forexample:
gastr/itis,notgastr/o/itis.
NumbersaftercertaintermsdirectyoutotheAppendicesthatfollowthislist.TheseAppendicescontainadditionalinformationtohelpyouunderstandtheterminology.
SuffixMeaningTerminologyMeaning
-algiapainarthralgia_________________________
otalgia____________________________
neuralgia__________________________
myalgia___________________________
-celeherniarectocele___________________________
cystocele__________________________
-centesissurgicalpuncturetoremovefluidthoracentesis__________________________
Noticethatthistermisshortenedfromthoracocentesis
amniocentesis__________________________
abdominocentesis________________________
Thisprocedureismorecommonlyknownasaparacentesis.Atubeisplacedthroughanincisionoftheabdomenandfluidisremovedtfromtheperitonealcavity.
-coccusberry-shaped,bacteriumstreptococcus_________________________
staphylocci___________________________
-cytecellerythrocyte__________________________
leukocyte___________________________
thrombocyte_________________________
-dyniapainpleurodynia_________________________
Paininthechestwallmusclesthatisaggravatedbybreathing
-ectomyexcision,removal,resectionlaryngectomy_______________________
mastectomy_________________________
-ectomybloodconditionanemia___________________________
ischemia_________________________
-genesisconditionofproducing,formingcarcinogenesis_____________________
pathogenesis________________________
angiogenesis________________________
-genicpertainingto,producing,carcinogenic_________________________
producedby,orin
osteogenic___________________________
Anosteogenicsarcomaisatumorproducedinbonetissue
-gramrecordelectroencephalogram__________________
myelogram_________________________
Myle/omeansspinalcordinthisterm.Thisisanx-rayrecordtakenaftercontrastmaterialisinjectedintomembranesaroundthespinalcord
mammogram_________________________
-graphinstrumentforrecordingelectroencephalograph_________________
-graphyprocessofrecordingelectroencephalography________________
angiography_________________________
-itisinflammationbronchitis___________________________
tonsillitis____________________________
thrombophlebitis______________________
Alsocalledphlebitis
-logystudyofophthalmology_______________________
morphology__________________________
-lysisbreakdown,destruction,separationhemolysis___________________________
Breakdownofredbloodcellswithreleaseofhemoglobin
-malaciasofteningosteomalacia_______________________
chondromalacia______________________
-megalyenlargementacromegaly_________________________
splenomegaly_______________________
-omatumor,mass,collectionoffluidmyoma__________________________
Abenigntumor
myosarcoma_______________________
Amalignanttumor.Muscleisatypeoffleshtissue
myltiplemyeloma____________________
Myel/omeansbonemarrowinthisterm.Thismaliganttumoroccursinbonemarrowtissuethroughoutthebody
hematoma_______________________
-opsytoviewbiopsy_____________________________
necropsy__________________________
Thisisanautopsyorpostmortemexamination
-osiscondition,usuallyabnormalnecrosis___________________________
hydronephrosis______________________
leukocytosis_________________________
-pathydiseaseconditioncardiomyopathy_____________________
Primarydiseaseoftheheartmuscleintheabsenceofaknownunderlyingetiology
-peniadeficiencyerythropenia______________________
neutropenia________________________
Inthisterm,neutr/omeansneutrophil
thrombocytopenia___________________
-phobiafearacrophobia________________________
Fearofheights
agoraphobia_______________________
Ananxietydisordermakedbyfearofventuringoutintoacrowdedplace
-plasmdevelopment,formation,growthachondroplasia_____________________
-plastysurgicalrepairangioplasty________________________
Acardiologistopensanarrowedbloodvesselusingaballonthatisinflatedafterinsertionintothevessel.Stents,orslottedtubes,arethenputinplacetokeepthearteryopen
-ptosisdrooping,sagging,prolapseblepharoptosis_____________________
Physciansuseptosisalone,toindicateprolapseoftheuppereyelid
nephroptosis________________________
-sclerosishardeningarteriosclerosis_____________________
Inatherosclerisisdepositsoffatcollectinanartery
-scopeinstrumentforvisualexaminationlaparoscope_______________________
-scopyprocessofvisualexaminationlaparoscopy_______________________
-stasisstopping,controllingmetastasis________________________
Meta-meansbeyond.Ametastasisisthespreadofamalignanttumorbeyonditsoriginalsitetoasecondaryorganorlocation
hemostasis________________________
Bloodflowisstoppednaturallybyclottingorartificiallybycompressionorwsuturingofawound
-stomyopeningtoformamouthcolostomy________________________
tracheostomy______________________
-therapytreatmenthydrotherapy______________________
chemotherapy______________________
radiotherapy_____________________
-tomyincision,tocutintolaparotomy_____________________
Thisisalargeincisionthroughtheabdominalwall
phlebotomy______________________
-trophydevelopment,nourishmenthypertrophy______________________
Cellsincreaseinsize,notnumber.Musclesofweightliftersoftenhypertrophy
atrophy___________________________
Cellsdecreaseinsize.Musclesatrophywhenimmobilizedinacastandnotinuse
Thefollowingareshorternounsuffixesthatareusuallyattachedtorootsinwords
SuffixMeaningTerminologyMeaning
-eronewhoradiographer_______________________
Atechnologistwhoassistsinthemakingof
diagnosticx-raypictures
-iaconditionleukemia__________________________
pneumonia________________________
-istspecialistnephrologist_______________________
-olelittle,smallarteriole__________________________
-ulelittle,smallvenule____________________________
-um,-iumstructure,tissue,thingpericardium_______________________
Thismembranesurroundstheheart
-ycondition,processnephropathy_______________________
AdjectiveSuffixes
Thefollowingareadjectivalsuffixes.Nosimplerulewilltellyouwhichsuffixmeanin“pertaining
to”shouldbeusedwithaspecificcombiningform.Yourjobistorecongnizethesuffixineachtermandknowthemeaningoftheentireterm
SuffixMeaningTerminologyMeaning
-ac,-iacpertainingtocardiac_________________________
-alpertainingtoperitoneal_______________________
inguinal_________________________
pleural__________________________
-arpertainingtotonsillar__________________________
-arypertainingtopulmonary________________________
axillary___________________________
-ealpertainingtolaryngeal__________________________
-ic,-icalpertainingtochronic____________________________
Acuteistheoppositeofchronic.Itdescribesadiseasethatisofrapidonsetandhasseveresymptomsandbriefduration
pathological__________________
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