沈阳故宫导游词中英文对照.docx
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沈阳故宫导游词中英文对照.docx
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沈阳故宫导游词中英文对照
沈阳故宫导游词(中英文对照)
hello,everyone!
pleaseallowmetoexpressawarmwelcomeonbehalfofshenyang‘mwithgreatpleasuretobeyourtouristguideandfromnowoniwillshowyouaroundshenyangimperialpalace,sherethefounderofqingdynastynuerhachiandhissonhuangtaijiimperialpalace,fulingtombandzhaolingtombmadeintheearlyperiodofqingdynastyarethethreefamoushistoricalsitesinshenyang.
shenyangimperialpalacewithahistoryofover360yearsstartedin1625andwasroughlyaccomplishedin1636duringthereignofnuerhachiandhuangtaiji.afterthemfouremperorsofqingdynastyhadcomebackfrombeijingtothispalacefor10timesandenlargeditsareaandaddeditswereemperorkangxi,qianlong,jiaqingand,until1783thepalacewasfinallyfinished.
shenyangimperialpalaceisoneofthetworoyalpalaceswellkeptinotheroneisforbiddencityinimperialpalacewasentitled“historicculturerelicspreservedbuildings”in1961bythestatepalaceisanemperormuseumcombiningthearchitectualstylesoftheminoritiesofman,hanandmongolia.
thispalacecoversanareaof60,000squaremeters,comprisingover20courtyards,300housesand70wholeconstructionisdividedintothreesections:
theeast,middleandwest.
firstlet’spayavisittothebuildingsinthebuildingsinthemiddlelayoutofmiddlesectionissimilartoachinesecompoundwiththreefirstcourtyardistheofficestartsfromthegrandqinggateonthesouthandendsatholyadministrationphoenixtowertopurityandtranquilityhallistheresidentialalllayoutonthesameline.
themainentrancetothepalaceisthegrandqinggate,alsocalledmeridiangatebecausetheemperorconsideredhimselfasthesonofheavenandthepalaceshouldbethecenterofuniverse.thegrandqinggatewasbuliltin1632andiswastheplacewherethecivilianoffcialsandmilitaryministerstopresentthemselvesbeforetheemperordaily.thespecialfeatureofthegateisthetileareallyellowtilesbutengravedwithgreensynbolizesthegroundandtheroyalrightwhilegreenrepresentsseaandcombinationofthemmeanscontrollingthevastareasontheearth.
thebuildingtotheeastofgrandqinggateiscalledancestortemple(taimiao)withyellowtileroof,wherenuerhachi’sdescendantsofferedsacrificestotheirancestorsforancestortempleisthemostimportant.
pleasefollowmeintothepathinthemiddlelinksthegatetoholyadministrationhallwithflyingdragonpavilion(feilongge)andflyingphoenixpavilion(xiangfengge)oneachhallofholyadministrationisthemainbuildinginthemiddlepartofthepalaceanditwasthecenterofthemilitary,administrativeaffairsineatlyqingdynastyandhadwitnessedmanynationaldragonandflyingphoenixpavilionswereforstoringmusicinstruments.
holyadministrationhallwasemperorhuangtaiji’sfrontofthehallareriguiandjiangliang,whichwereusedasmeasureinstrumentsandsupposedtobethesymbolofunity.
inaccientconstruction,officeareaisusuallyinthefrontpartandresidentialareaisinthewehavevistedtheplacewheretheemperorsworkedandnowwe’llpayavisitetotheplacewhereempressandconcubinesisthephoenisservedasanentrancestotherearchambersandalsotheentertainmentareaofhuangtaijiandhisconcubines,andsomegatheringsorbanquetswereheldtowerwasbuiltonaterracemeterswasthetallestbuildinginshenyangatthattime.itisamazingwatchingsunriseinthemorningonthetowerandphoenixsunriseisoneofthefamouseightfascinatingscenesinshenyang.
lookupward,wewillseeaboardhanginguponphoenixtower,onwhichemperorqianlonginscribed“ziqidonglai”,whichmeanttheqingdynastyinbeijingimmigratedfronshengjing,theoldnameforshenyangtotheeast.thereare24staircasesleadingtophoenixtowerrepresenting24seasonaldivisionspointsinchineselunarshenyangimperialpalacechambersarehigherthanhalls,whichiscontrarytothearchitecturalstyleinforbiddencityinbeijing.
walkingthroughthetoweraretherearoneonthenorthinthemiddlewascalledpurityandtranquilityhall,whichwaspreparedforemperorandotherfourlyingonbothsideswerefoconcubines.purityandtranquilityhallhasfiveroomsandthefirstfromtheeastwaswherehuangraijipassedawayhereattheageof52withoutanythronepassedtohisninthson,earlyqingdynasty,theconstructionstylewassummeduplikethis:
bag-likehouse,zigzagbedandchimneysittingonthemainbuildingshereweredifferentfromotherbuildingswithadoorwasopendeinthewalloftheeastroomandtheotherroomswereconnectedtogetherlikeazigzagbeds,madeofmudandbrickandwithfireandsmoketunnelswerecalled”kang”inordertogetheatandkeeproomwarminwinter,tunnelswasmadeunderthegroundofpurityandtranquilityhalltoputfireandsmokethrough.nownoticethepolestandingonthegroundforsmokenoticethepolestandingrightinthemiddleoftheredpoleiscalledsuolunpole,orholyroundtincontainernearthetopwasfilledwithfoodforfeedingwassaidthatnuerhachiwassavedbyareconsideredsacredinmanchurianculturethoughinchineseculturecrowsareregardedasbirdsbringingbadluck.
emperorhuangtaijihadfourthefourconcubineschenwaslovedbestbyhuangtaijiandconcubinezhuangwasthewisestandthemotherofthenextemperor,,shehadaspecialstatusamongtheconcubines.
theonlychimneywasbuiltontherearofpurityandtranquilityhallfromthegroundwith11layers,representingthe11emperorsfromemperorhuangtaijitothelastemperorchimneywasthehighestoneatthatchinese,thesoundofchimeny”tong”isthesameasthatofunity.
tothenorthfurtherisrearcourtyardcalledyuhuagarden.
aftervisitingthemiddlesectionofthepalace,wecometotheeasternrepresentativebuildingisthegreatadministrationhall,flankedbytenprincespartwasbuiltin1625,andtheyweretheearliestbuildinginshenyangimperialadministrationhallistheplaceceremoniesandhandledstateaffairs.
greatadministrationhallwasbuiltwitheightsidesrepresentingthestyleofmilitarytentandalsoeightbannermilitarypleaselookatthetenpavilions,fiveoneachside,whichweretheofficesofthecommandersatthatiwillgiveyouanintroductiontothemilitarysystemofearlymanchurianperiod.nuerhachidividedhistroopsinfourpartsandeachpartwasidentifiedbythecolorofitsbanner.thereserethenfourkindsofbanner:
red,blue,whiteandyellowthetroopsexpandedquickly,anotherfourpartswereaddedandthereforeanotherfourkindsofbannerwereneeded.bythentherewerealtogethereightkindsofarmywasthereforewellknownforeightbannerarmy.
thelastpartofshenyangimperialpalaceisthewesternsection,builtfrom1782to1783andduringemperorqianlong’smainconstructionisbooksourcepavilion(wensuge)withtheaterplatformandgooddescendant-benefitinghall(jiayintang)infront,prosperityadministrationstydy(yangxizhai)andninehallssouurcepavilion(wensuge)wasspeciallydesignedforstoringtheencyclopediacompiledatthattime,sikuquanencyclopediacollectedmostofthebooksinchinesehistory.itscomplicationstartedinsetofhistorybooksiscomposedofsevensections,morethan36,000tookeducatedpersonsover10yearstofinishfinished,thesholecneyclopediawasduplicatedinsevenpavilionsacrossothersixcopieswereeitherdamagedduringwarsorsetistheonlyonewelltherealcopyisnolongerhereandnowisrestoredinthepalacemuseuminbeijingandgansuprovincecanseethatbooksourcepavilioncoveredwithblackchinesephilosophy,blackreferspavilionwasbuiltforstoringbooksanditsbiggestthreatwasblacktileshintingwatercoveringitonthetopasawayofprotection.goodprosertyadmirationstudywasforemperorreadingwhiledescendant-benefitinghallandthetheaterplatformconsistingofacouryardforemperor,hisempressandconcubineswatchingplays.
shenyangimperialpalaceisoneoftheculturalrelicsinchinaanditisthesymbolofthiscity.itisagoodcombinationofdiferentnationalitiesaswellasatouristnowwehavetoendourvisiting,ihopeyouallenjoyitandthankyouforyourcooperation,goodbye.
各位游客大家好,我们此次游览的景点是世界文化遗产、国家4a级景区、国家重点文物保护单位——沈阳故宫。
故宫,顾名思义就是旧时宫殿,沈阳故宫始建于后金(努尔哈赤建立政权之初国号为金,史称后金)天命十年(公元1625年)。
先后经过三次大规模建设,形成了东中西三路格局。
其中东路为老罕王努尔哈赤进沈阳以后修建;中路为努尔哈赤的儿子清太宗皇太极继位以后兴建;西路则为清朝中期乾隆皇帝东巡和为了安放《四库全书》而修建。
全部建筑70余座,300余间,组成20多组院落。
作为我国现存保存最完好的两座宫殿之一,与北京故宫遥相呼应,却又有着与北京故宫截然不同的建筑风格和格局样式。
那么我们今天就来领略一下昔日皇宫的风采。
(故宫门前)我们现在所在的位置是故宫门前,东西各有一座牌坊。
东边为文德坊,西边为武功坊。
老沈阳人俗称为“东华门”和“西华门”。
古时候大臣上朝之时从东华门入朝。
先在东西朝房侯朝。
我们眼前的这座挂有郭沫若题词《沈阳故宫》牌匾的建筑就是大清门,大家可能会问,这座像房子一样的建筑为什么叫做门,它与我们常见的门有很大的区别!
门作为古代建筑中重要的组成部分,同样也是等级制度直观体现。
如我们常听说的“柴门”,柴门是用柴木搭建的一个只有门框的门,这也是等级地位最低的门。
再有单开门,**门。
有钱有势人家的门要高出地面修建在台基上。
我们眼前这座大清门是五间硬山顶的屋宇式的大门,中间三间为门,南北都设有台阶,两梢间有槛墙木窗,皇家的大门明显异于常人。
大清门虽然只是出入宫殿的通道,但作为皇宫的门面装饰也力求华丽美观。
除黄绿两色的琉璃瓦屋顶和檐下的雕梁画栋外,最引人注目的要算是墙体四角的琉璃“墀头”,每组都由上下相联的四部分组合而成,黄、蓝色调为主,间以红、白、绿等色,浮雕云龙飞凤,瑞兽奇花,鲜艳多彩,烧造精致,虽然不处于建筑的中心部位,却成为最亮丽斑斓的艺术杰作。
这座门为什么叫做“大清门”哪正统的说法是清朝的国号为“清”,宫殿的门又叫国门,所以叫“大清门”。
还有个传说:
这座宫门在建成以后并没有名称,只是叫做“大门”。
后来崇德元年皇太极改国号为“大清”以后,听说明朝北京皇城的正门叫做“大明门”,为了针锋相对,克其锋芒,就把这座大门命名为“大清门”。
古时上朝之时文武大臣按照文东武西排列站在大清门前两侧侯朝议事。
在大清门的东侧有一座封闭的院落——太庙。
所谓“太庙”即皇帝奉祀祖先的宗庙。
清朝有太庙制度始于崇德元年皇太极改元称帝之时,前殿供奉太祖努尔哈赤和太后。
叶赫纳拉氏(皇太极生母)神位,后殿则供奉努尔哈赤以上四代祖先,即猛哥帖木儿、福满、觉昌安、塔克世及其妻的神位。
太庙建成后,每年逢清明、除夕等日,皇太极都要亲自前往焚香祭祀。
顺治迁都北京后,先是把太祖朝的神位移往北京太庙,原来的盛京太庙因为只剩下四祖神位,改称为“四四祖庙”。
清朝历代皇帝东巡祭祖陵的皇帝在进入沈阳故宫之前,都要先到庙中向自己祖先的玉宝玉册上香行礼。
(中路)我们走进大清门,在右侧有一个沈阳故宫的微缩,可以领略沈阳故宫的全貌。
穿过大清门我们来到了沈阳故宫中路的头道院落。
我们正面的建筑就是沈阳故宫的“金銮殿”——崇政殿。
兴建之初名字叫做“正殿”。
崇德元年定名为崇政殿。
崇政殿为五间九檩硬山式建筑,殿顶铺黄琉璃瓦,镶绿剪边,正脊饰五彩琉璃龙纹及火焰珠。
其中请各位游客注意的是殿顶的琉璃瓦,有去过北京故宫的朋友一定会清楚地记得北京故宫的琉璃瓦是黄色的,而沈阳的琉璃瓦是黄色镶绿剪边。
这是沈阳故宫与北京故宫的重要差别之一。
我们走上台基。
在台基两侧分别有用于计时的日晷,和存放标准计量单位的嘉量亭。
此外台基上四口盛满清水的大缸
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