大学英语六级考试第3卷真题与答案.docx
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大学英语六级考试第3卷真题与答案.docx
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大学英语六级考试第3卷真题与答案
PartIWriting(30minutes)
Directions:
Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayontheimportanceofmotivation
andmethodsinlearning.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
PartⅠWriting
TheImportanceofMotivationandMethodsinLearning
Whenitcomestolearning,thereisafamousChinesesayingwhichgoes"Learningwithoutthinkingleadstoconfusion;thinkingwithoutlearningendsindanger."Evidently,itismeanttotellusthatlearningmethodsareasimportantashardwork.Itotallyagreewithit.Besides,Iinsistthatinadditiontodiligenceandmethods,motivationinlearningshouldalsobepaidattentionto.
Asforme,motivationisanindispensablepartoflearning,becausewithoutmotivation,youwon'tstarttolearnatall.Evenifyouhavestartedstudying,withoutmotivationthatdrivesyoutokeepgoing,youmayeasilygiveupwhenfacedwithdifficulties.
Withmotivation,wealsoneedtherightwaytolearn.Inthelearningprocess,hardworkisnotenough.Ifwedon'tattachimportancetolearningmethods,wemayfallintothedilemmaofstudyingmechanically.Instead,witheffectivelearningmethods,therewillbetwicetheresultwithhalftheeffort.
Inbrief,motivationandmethodsarecriticaltosuccessfullearning.Therefore,onlywhenweareclearlyawareofthis,canweachievegoodlearningresultsbymakingefforts.
PartIIListeningComprehension(30minutes)
说明:
由于2019年6月六级考试全国共考了两套听力,本套真题听力与前2套内容相同,只是选项顺序不同,因此在
本套真题中不再重复出现。
PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)
SectionA
Directions:
Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordfor
eachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethrough
carefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Pleasemarkthe
correspondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynot
useanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.
Steel(钢铁)isvaluedforitsreliability
可靠性,butnotwhenitgetscold.Mostformsofsteel
_A_26_abruptly突然地、硬生生的_becomebrittle
(脆的)attemperaturesbelowabout-25
℃unlessthey
aremixedwithothermetals.Now,though,anoveltypeofsteelhasbeendevelopedthatresists
对抗、
抵抗_J_27_fractures
破碎、碎裂_atmuchlowertemperatures,whileretaining
保留、留住itsstrengthand
toughness
韧性、韧度—withouttheneedforexpensive_B_28_
additives(
添加剂)_.
Steel'sfragilityatlowtemperaturesfirstbecameamajorconcernduringtheSecondWorldWar.After
GermanU-boatstorpedoed(用鱼雷攻击)numerousBritishships,a2,700-strongfleetofcheap-and-cheerful"Libertyships"wasintroducedtoreplacethelostvessels,providingalifelineforthe
_E_29_besieged(被包围)_British.Butthesteelshellsofhundredsoftheships_I_30_cracked(破裂)_intheicynorthAtlantic,and12brokeinhalfandsank.
Brittleness(脆弱、脆性)remainsaproblemwhenbuildingsteelstructuresincoldconditions,suchasoil
rigsintheArctic.Soscientistshave_N_31_
strived(努力、奋斗)_tofindasolutionbymixingitwith
expensivemetals
(金属、五金)
suchasnickel(镍).
YuujiKimuraandcolleaguesinJapantriedamorephysical
(物理的、物质的、符合自然法则的)
_C_32_approach
(方法)_.Ratherthanaddingothermetals,theydevelopedacomplexmechanical
(机
械、力学)processinvolvingrepeatedheating
(加热、采暖)andverysevere(严重、严厉、严格)mechanical
deformation(变形),knownastempforming.
Theresultingsteelappearstoachieveacombinationofstrength
(强度)andtoughness
(韧性)thatis
_G_33_comparable
(想当、可比)_tothatofmodemsteelsthatareveryrichinalloy
(合金)content
(内容、含量、目录)and,therefore,veryexpensive.
Kimura'steamintends
(打算)touseitstempformedsteeltomakeultra-high
(超高)strengthparts,such
asbolts(螺栓、铆钉).Theyhopetoreduceboththenumberof_H_34_
components
(组建、部件)_needed
inaconstructionjobandtheirweight
—by(按⋯⋯计算)
replacingsolid
(实心的、实体的)
supportswith
_K_35_hollow(空心的)_tubes(管),forexample.Thiscouldreducetheamountofsteelneededtomake
everythingfromautomobiles
(发动机)tobuildingsandbridges
(桥梁).
A)abruptly
B)additives
C)approach
D)ardentlyE)besieged
F)channel
G)comparable
H)components
I)cracked
J)fractures
K)hollow
L)relevant
M)reshuffled
N)strivedO)violent
SectionB
Directions:
Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Each
statementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.
Thefutureofpersonalsatellite(卫星)technologyishere—arewereadyforit?
A)Satellitesusedtobetheexclusiveplaythingsofrichgovernmentsandwealthycorporations.Butincreasingly,asspacebecomesmoredemocratized,theyarecomingwithinreachofordinarypeople.
Justlikedrones(无人机)beforethem,miniaturesatellitesarebeginningtofundamentallytransformourconceptionsofwhogetstodowhatupaboveourheads.
B)AsarecentreportfromtheNationalAcademyofScienceshighlights,thesesatellitesholdtremendouspotentialformakingsatellite-basedsciencemoreaccessiblethaneverbefore.However,asthecostofgettingyourownsatelliteinorbitdropssharply,therisksofirresponsibleusegrow.Thequestionhereisnolonger"Canwe?
"but"Shouldwe?
"Whatarethepotentialdownsidesofhavingasliceofspacedenselypopulatedbyequipmentbuiltbypeoplenottraditionallylabeledas"professionals"?
Andwhatwouldtheresponsibleandbeneficialdevelopmentanduseofthistechnologyactuallylooklike?
Someoftheanswersmaycomefromanonprofitorganizationthathasbeenbuildingandlaunchingamateursatellitesfornearly50years.
C)Havingyourpersonalsatellitelaunchedintoorbitmightsoundlikeanideastraightoutofsciencefiction.Butoverthepastfewdecadesauniqueclassofsatelliteshasbeencreatedthatfitsthebill:
CubeSats.The"Cube"heresimplyreferstothesatellite'sshape.ThemostcommonCubeSatisa10cmcube,sosmallthatasingleCubeSatcouldeasilybemistakenforapaperweightonyourdesk.Thesemini-satellitescanfitinalaunchvehicle'sformerly"wastedspace."MultiplescanbedeployedincombinationformorecomplexmissionsthancouldbeachievedbyoneCubeSatalone.
D)Withintheircompactbodiestheseminutesatellitesareabletohousesensorsandcommunicationsreceivers/transmittersthatenableoperatorstostudyEarthfromspace,aswellasspacearoundEarth.
They'reprimarilydesignedforLowEarthOrbit(LEO)—aneasilyaccessibleregionofspacefromaround
200to800milesaboveEarth,wherehuman-tendedmissionsliketheHubbleSpaceTelescopeandthe
InternationalSpaceStation(ISS)hangout.Buttheycanattainmoredistantorbits;NASAplansfor
mostofitsfutureEarth-escapingpayloads(tothemoonandMarsespecially)tocarryCubeSats.
E)Becausethey'resosmallandlight,itcostsmuchlesstogetaCubSatintoEarth'sorbitthanatraditionalcommunicationsorGPSsatellite.Forinstance,aresearchgrouphereatArizonaStateUniversityrecentlyclaimedtheirdevelopmentalsmallCubeSatscouldcostaslittleas$3,000toputinorbit.Thisdecreaseincostallowsresearchers,hobbyistsandevenelementaryschoolgroupstoputsimpleinstrumentsintoLEOorevenhavingthemdeployedfromtheISS.
F)ThefirstCubeSatwascreatedintheearly2000s,asawayofenablingStanfordgraduatestudentsto
design,build,testandoperateaspacecraftwithsimilarcapabilitiestotheUSSR'sSputnik(前苏联的人造卫星).Sincethen,NASA,theNationalReconnaissanceOfficeandevenBoeinghavealllaunchedand
operatedCubeSats.Therearemorethan130currentlyinoperation.TheNASAEducationalLaunchofNanoSatelliteprogram,whichoffersfreelaunchesforeducationalgroupsandsciencemissions,isnowopentoU.S.nonprofitcorporationsaswell.Clearly,satellitesarenotjustforrocketscientistsanymore.
G)TheNationalAcademyofSciencesreportemphasizesCubeSats'importanceinscientificdiscoveryandthetrainingoffuturespacescientistsandengineers.YetitalsoacknowledgesthatwidespreaddeploymentofLEOCubeSatsisn'trisk-free.Thegreatestconcerntheauthorsraiseisspace
debris—piecesof"junk"thatorbittheearth,withthepotentialtocauseseriousdamageiftheycollidewithoperationalunits,includingtheISS.
H)Currently,therearen'tmanyCubeSatsandthey'retrackedclosely.YetasLEOopensuptomoreamateursatellites,theymayposeanincreasingthreat.Asthereportauthorspointout,even
near-missesmightleadtothe"creationofaburdensomeregulatoryframeworkandaffectthefuturedispositionofscienceCubeSats."
I)CubeSatresearcherssuggestthatnow'sthetimetoponderunexpectedandunintendedpossibleconsequencesofmorepeoplethaneverhavingaccesstotheirownsmallsliceofspace.InanerawhenyoucansimplybuyaCubeSatkitofftheshelf,howcanwetrustthesatellitesoverourheadsweredevelopedwithgoodintentionsbypeoplewhoknewwhattheyweredoing?
Some"expertamateurs"inthesatellitegamecouldprovidesomeinspirationforhowtoproceedresponsibly.
J)In1969.theRadioAmateurSatelliteCorporation(AMSAT)wascreatedinordertofosterhamradio
enthusiasts'(业余无线电爱好者)participationinspaceresearchandcommunication.Itcontinuedthe
efforts,begunin1961,byProjectOSCAR—aU.S.-basedgroupthatbuiltandlaunchedtheveryfirst
nongovernmentalsatellitejustfouryearsafterSputnik.Asanorganizationofvolunteers,AMSATwas
putting"amateur"satellitesinorbitdecadesbeforethecurrentCubeSatcraze.Andovertime,its
membershavelearnedathingortwoaboutresponsibility.Here,open-sourcedevelopmenthasbeena
centralprinciple.Withintheorganization,AMSAThasaphilosophyofopensourcingeverything—making
technicaldataonallaspectsoftheirsatellitesfullyavailabletoeveryoneintheorganization,andwhen
possible,thepublic.AccordingtoamemberoftheteamresponsibleforFOX1-A,AMSAT'sfirstCubeSat,thismeansthatthere'snowaytosneaksomethinglikeexplosivesoranenergyemitterintoanamateursatellitewheneveryonehasaccesstothedesignsandimplementation.
K)However,they'remorecautiousaboutsharinginformationwithnonmembers,astheorganizationguardsagainstothersdevelopingtheabilitytohijackandtakecontroloftheirsatellites.Thisformof"self-governance"ispossiblewithinlong-standingamateurorganizationsthat,overtime,areabletobuildasenseofresponsibilitytocommunitymembers,aswellassocietyingeneral.Butwhathappenswhennewplayersemerge,whodon'thavedeeprootswithintheexistingculture?
L)Hobbyistsandstudentsaregainingaccesstotechnologieswithoutbeingpartofalong-standi
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