B1U3单元练习.docx

B1U3单元练习.docx

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B1U3单元练习

QuizforBook1Unit3

I.Vocabulary（20%）

Directions:

Fillintheblankswithwordsfromthewordbank.Changetheformwhennecessary.Noneofthewordscanbeusedmorethanonce.WritedownyouranswersontheAnswerSheet.

accessible

assist

convenience

efficient

head

reach

specialized

marvellous

rhythm

thrill

1.Hewashappytomakeadetourforher_____________.

2.Thechildrenwill_______atalltheirfavouritecharacters.

3.Iworkvery_________andamdecisive,andaccurateinmyjudgement.

4.Ikeptmyphonereadily___________incaseIsawsomethingthatneededtobefilmed.

5.Theseproductsarenormallyboughtandstoredcarefullyoutof________ofchildren

6.TheAuthoritywillprovideawelfareworkerto___________you.

7.Theonlysolutiontothisdilemmaiswith___________tools.

8.Isabelgavemea___________funnybirthdaycard.

9.Thebookhassoldtwelvethousandcopiesinthreeweeks,andisstill_______thelistofbest-sellers.

10.Hehadnosenseof___________whatsoever（无论怎样）.

II.ReadingComprehension（40%）

SectionA（20%）

Directions:

Inthesection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.

CanSocietiesBeRichandGreen?

A）“Ifoureconomiesaretoflourish,ifglobalpovertyistobeeliminatedandifthewell-beingoftheworld’speopleenhanced—notjustinthisgenerationbutinsucceedinggenerations—wemustmakesurewetakecareofthenaturalenvironmentandresourcesonwhichoureconomicactivitydepends.”Thatstatementcomesnot,asyoumightimagine,fromastereotypicaltree-hugging,save-the-worldgreenie（环保主义者）,butfromGordonBrown,apoliticianwithareputationforrigour,thoroughnessandaboveall,caution.

B）Asurprisingthingforthemanwhorunsoneoftheworld’smostpowerfuleconomiestosay?

Perhaps;thoughintherun-uptothefive-yearreviewoftheMillennium（千年的）Goals,heisfarfromalone.Therootsofhisspeech,giveninMarchattheroundtablemeetingofenvironmentandenergyministersfromtheG20groupofnations,stretchbackto1972,andtheUnitedNationsConferenceontheHumanEnvironmentinStockholm.

C）“Theprotectionandimprovementofthehumanenvironmentisamajorissuewhichaffectsthewell-beingofpeoplesandeconomicdevelopmentthroughouttheworld,”readthefinaldeclarationfromthisgathering,thefirstofasequencewhichwouldleadtotheRiodeJaneiroEarthSummitin1992andtheWorldDevelopmentSummitinJohannesburgthreeyearsago.

D）HuntthroughthereportspreparedbyUNagenciesanddevelopmentgroups—manyforconferencessuchasthisyear’sMillenniumGoalsreview—andyouwillfindthatthelinkagebetweenenvironmentalprotectionandeconomicprogressisacommonthread.

E）Managingecosystemssustainablyismoreprofitablethanexploitingthem,accordingtotheMillenniumEcosystemAssessment.Butfindinghardevidencetosupportthethesisisnotsoeasy.Thoughtsturnfirsttosomesortofglobalstatistic,someindicatorwhichwouldratethewealthofnationsinbotheconomicandenvironmentaltermsandshowarelationshipbetweenthetwo.

F）Ifsuchanindicatorexists,itiswellhidden.Andonreflection,thisisnotsurprising;thesingleword“environment”hassomanydimensions,andtherearesomanyotherfactorsaffectingwealth—suchastheoildeposits—thatteasingoutasimpleeconomy-environmentrelationshipwouldbealmostimpossible.

G）TheMillenniumEcosystemAssessment,avastfour-yearglobalstudywhichreporteditsinitialconclusionsearlierthisyear,foundreasonstobelievethatmanagingecosystemssustainably—workingwithnatureratherthanagainstit—mightbelessprofitableintheshortterm,butcertainlybringslong-termrewards.

H）AndtheWorldResourcesInstitute（WRI）initsWorldResources2005report,issuedattheendofAugust,producedseveralsuchexamplesfromAfricaandAsia;italsodemonstratedthatenvironmentaldegradationaffectsthepoormorethantherich,aspoorerpeoplederiveamuchhigherproportionoftheirincomedirectlyfromthenaturalresourcesaroundthem.

I）Buttherearealsomanyexamplesofgrowingwealthbytrashingtheenvironment,inrichandpoorpartsoftheworldalike,whetherthroughunregulatedmineralextraction,drasticwateruseforagriculture,slash-and-burnfarming,orfossil-fuel-guzzling（大量消耗）transport.Ofcourse,suchgrowthmaynotpersistinthelongterm—whichiswhatMr.BrownandtheStockholmdeclarationwerebothattemptingtopointout.PerhapsthebestexampleofboomgrowthandbustdeclineistheGrandBanksfishery.Foralmostfivecenturiesaverylargesupplyofcod（鳕鱼）providedabundantrawmaterialforanindustrywhichatitspeakemployedabout40,000people,sustainingentirecommunitiesinNewfoundland.Then,abruptly,thecodpopulationcollapsed.Therewerenolongerenoughfishintheseaforthestocktomaintainitself,letaloneanindustry.Morethanadecadelater,therewasnosignoftheecosystemre-buildingitself.Ithad,apparently,beenfishedoutofexistence;andtheoncemightyNewfoundlandfleetnowgropesaboutfranticallyforcrabontheseafloor.

J）ThereisaviewthatmodernhumansareinevitablysowingtheseedofaglobalGrandBanks-styledisaster.Theideaisthatwearetakingmoreoutofwhatyoumightcalltheplanet’senvironmentalbankbalancethanitcansustain;wearelivingbeyondourecologicalmeans.Onerecentstudyattemptedtocalculatetheextentofthis“ecologicalovershootofthehumaneconomy”,andfoundthatweareusing1.2Earth’s-worthofenvironmentalgoodsandservices—theimplicationbeingthatatsomepointthedebtwillbecalledin,andallthoseservices—thethingswhichtheplanetdoesforusforfree—willgrindtoahalt.

K）Whetherthisisright,andifsowhereandwhentheecologicalaxewillfall,ishardtodeterminewithanyprecision—whichiswhygovernmentsandfinancialinstitutionsareonlybeginningtobringsuchrisksintotheireconomiccalculations.Itisalsothereasonwhydevelopmentagenciesarenotunitedintheirviewofenvironmentalissues;whilesome,liketheWRI,maintainthatenvironmentalprogressneedstogohand-in-handwitheconomicdevelopment,othersarguethatthepriorityistobuildathrivingeconomy,andthenusethewealthcreatedtotackleenvironmentaldegradation.

L）Thisviewassumesthatrichsocietieswillinvestinenvironmentalcare.Butisthisright?

Dothingsgetbetterorworseaswegetricher?

HeretheStockholmdeclarationisambiguous.“Inthedevelopingcountries,”itsays,“mostoftheenvironmentalproblemsarecausedbyunder-development.”Soitissayingthateconomicdevelopmentshouldmakeforacleanerworld?

Notnecessarily;“Intheindustralisedcountries,environmentalproblemsaregenerallyrelatedtoindustrialisationandtechnologicaldevelopment,”itcontinues.Inotherwords,poorandrichbothover-exploitthenaturalworld,butfordifferentreasons.It’ssimplynottruethateconomicgrowthwillsurelymakeourworldcleaner.

M）Clearly,richersocietiesareabletoprovideenvironmentalimprovementswhichliewellbeyondthereachofpoorercommunities.Citizensofwealthynationsdemandnationalparks,cleanrivers,cleanairandpoison-freefood.Theyalso,however,usefarmorenaturalresources-fuel,water（allthosebathsandgolfcourses）andbuildingmaterials.

N）Acasecanbemadethatrichnationsexportenvironmentalproblems,themostgraphicexamplebeingclimatechange.Asacountry’swealthgrows,sodoitsgreenhousegasemissions.Thefiguresavailablewillnotbecompletelyaccurate.Measuringemissionsisnotaprecisescience,particularlywhenitcomestoissuessurroundinglanduse;notallnationshavere-leasedup-to-datedata,andinanycase,emissionsfromsomesectorssuchasaviationarenotincludedinnationalstatistics.Butthedataisexactenoughforacleartrendtobeeasilydiscernible.Ascountriesbecomericher,theyproducemoregreenhousegases;andtheimpactofthosegaseswillfallprimarilyinpoorpartsoftheworld.

O）Wealthisnot,ofcourse,theonlyfactorinvolved.TheaverageNorwegianisbetteroffthantheaverageUScitizen,butcontributesabouthalfasmuchtoclimatechange.ButcouldNorwaykeepitsstandardoflivingandyetcutitsemissionstoMoroccanorevenEthiopianlevels?

Thatquestion,repeatedacrossadozenenvironmentalissuesandacrossourdiverseplanet,iswhatwillultimatelydeterminewhetherthehumanraceislivingbeyonditsecologicalmeansasitpursueseconomicrevival.

11.Examplesshowthatbothrichandpoorcountriesexploitedtheenvironmentforeconomicprogress.

12.Environmentalprotectionandimprovementbenefitpeopleallovertheworld.

13.Itisnotnecessarilytruethateconomicgrowthwillmakeourworldcleaner.

14.ThecommonthemeoftheUNreportsistherelationbetweenenvironmentalprotectionandeconomicgrowth.

15.Developmentagenciesdisagreeregardinghowtotackleenvironmentissueswhileensuringeconomicprogress.

16.Itisdifficulttofindsolidevidencetoproveenvironmentalfriendlinessgeneratesmoreprofitsthanexploitingthenaturalenvironment.

17.Sustainablemanagementofecosystemswillproverewardinginthelongrun.

18.Apoliticiannotedforbeingcautiousassertsthatsustainablehumandevelopmentdependsonthenaturalenvironment.

19.Poorcountrieswillhavetobearthecostforrichnations’economicdevelopment.

20.Onerecentstudywarnsusofthedangerof