备考高考英语一轮复习31说明文类阅读理解套真题.docx
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备考高考英语一轮复习31说明文类阅读理解套真题.docx
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备考高考英语一轮复习31说明文类阅读理解套真题
备考2021年高考英语一轮复习31:
说明文类阅读理解
一、阅读理解
1.阅读理解
AccordingtoarecentstudyintheJournalofConsumerResearch,boththesizeandconsumptionhabitsofoureatingcompanionscaninfluenceourfoodintake.Andcontrarytoexistingresearchthatsaysyoushouldavoideatingwithheavierpeoplewhoorderlargeportions,it’sthebeanpoleswithbigappetitesyoureallyneedtoavoid.
Totesttheeffectofsocialinfluenceoneatinghabits,theresearchersconductedtwoexperiments.Inthefirst,95undergraduatewomenwereindividuallyinvitedintoalabtoostensiblyparticipateinastudyaboutmovieviewership.Beforethefilmbegan,eachwomanwasaskedtohelpherselftoasnack.Anactorhiredbytheresearchersgrabbedherfoodfirst.Inhernaturalstate,theactorweighed105pounds.Butinhalfthecasessheworeaspeciallydesignedfatsuitwhichincreasedherweightto180pounds.
Boththefatandthinversionsoftheactortookalargeamountoffood.Theparticipantsfollowedsuit,takingmorefoodthantheynormallywouldhave.However,theytooksignificantlymorewhentheactorwasthin.
Forthesecondtest,inonecasethethinactortooktwopiecesofcandyfromthesnackbowls.Intheothercase,shetook30pieces.Theresultsweresimilartothefirsttest:
theparticipantsfollowedsuitbuttooksignificantlymorecandywhenthethinactortook30pieces.
Thetestsshowthatthesocialenvironmentisextremelyinfluentialwhenwe’remakingdecisions.Ifthisfellowparticipantisgoingtoeatmore,sowillI.Callitthe“I’llhavewhatshe’shaving”effect.However,we’lladjusttheinfluence.Ifanoverweightpersonishavingalargeportion,I’llholdbackabitbecauseIseetheresultsofhiseatinghabits.Butifathinpersoneatsalot,I’llfollowsuit.Ifhecaneatmuchandkeepslim,whycan’tI?
(1)Whatistherecentstudymainlyabout?
A.Foodsafety.B.Movieviewership.C.Consumerdemand.D.Eatingbehavior.
(2)Whatdoestheunderlinedword“beanpoles”inparagraph1referto?
A.Bigeaters.B.Overweightpersons.C.Pickyeaters.D.Tallthinpersons.
(3)Whydidtheresearchershiretheactor?
A.Toseehowshewouldaffecttheparticipants.B.Totestiftheparticipantscouldrecognizeher.C.Tofindoutwhatshewoulddointhetwotests.D.Tostudywhyshecouldkeepherweightdown.
(4)Onwhatbasisdowe“adjusttheinfluence”accordingtothelastparagraph?
A.Howhungryweare.B.Howslimwewanttobe.C.Howweperceiveothers.D.Howwefeelaboutthefood.
2.阅读理解
HowtoUseaModernPublicLibrary
Hasitbeenawhilesinceyourlastvisittoapubliclibrary?
Ifso,youmaybesurprisedtolearnthatlibrarieshavechangedforthebetter.It’sbeenyearssincetheyweredustylittleroomswithbooks.Theyhavetransformedthemselvesintoplaceswhereyoucandevelopyourloveofknowledgemeetinterestingpeople,orfindouthowtostartabusiness.
Checkoutabook.Whilelibrariesstillloanoutbooks,you’llfinditeasiertogetacopyofwhateveryou’relookingfor,thankstoacooperativenetworkofarealibraries.Viasuchnetworks,librariessharetheirbookswitheachotherthroughtheuseofdeliveryvehicles.Oncethebookyou’verequestedisdeliveredtothenearestbranch,theywillinformyoubye-mail,soyoucanpickitup.
Checkoutotheritems.Thelibraryisnowamultimediazone,loadedwithinformationinmanyformats.YoucanborrowmoviesonDVDs,musiconCDs,andpopularmagazines.Somelibrariesevenloanouttoysandgames.Ifapopularmagazineyouwantisn’tofferedandthelibrarykeepsalistofsuchrequests,theymaybringitinwhenenoughinterestisshown.
Jointargetedreadinggroups.Librarieswilloftenholdreading-groupsessionstargetedtovariousagegroups.Perhapsyou’dliketolearnalanguageorimproveyourEnglish.Thelibrarymaysponsoralanguagegroupyoucouldjoin.Ifyouhavedifficultiesreading,askaboutspecialreadingopportunities.Yourlibrarymightbeabletoaccommodateyou.Andyoumightfinditrelaxingtobringyoursmallkidtoahalf-hourStoryTimewhileyousitquietlyinacornerwithagoodbook.
Startabusinessusingthehelpofyourlocallibrary.Ifyouwanttohaveabusinessofyourown,yourlocallibrarycanbecomealaunchspaceforit.Inlibrarybooksandcomputers,youcanfindinformationonstartingabusiness.Manylibrarieswillhelpyouwithlocallysuppliedinformationaboutbusinessmanagementsharedthroughchambersofcommerceandgovernmentagencies,andtheywillofferprinting,faxinganddatabaseservicesyouneed.
(1)Publiclibrariesconnectedbyacooperativenetworkbenefitreadersby______.
A.sharingtheirbooksontheInternetB.givingaccesstoonlinereadingatalibrarybranchC.sendinganeededbooktoalibrarybranchnearbyD.makingthecheckoutproceduresdiverse
(2)AccordingtoParagraph3,whatitemsmaybecheckedoutfromapubliclibrary?
A.Amagazineandane-book.B.Agameandanoilpainting.C.AmusicCDandakid’stoy.D.ADVDandavideoplayer
(3)AsisdescribedinParagraph4,takingasmallkidtoahalf-hourStoryTimeallows______.
A.thekidtolearnanewlanguageB.theparenttoenjoyquietreadingC.thekidtoovercomereadingdifficultiesD.theparenttomeettheirprogramsponsor
(4)Yourlocallibrarycanhelpyoustartabusinessby______.
A.providingrelevantinformationandsupportingservicesB.offeringprofessionaladviceonbusinessmanagementC.supplyingusefulinformationofyourpotentialbuyersD.arrangingmeetingswithgovernmentofficials
(5)Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?
A.Topointouttheimportanceofpubliclibraries.B.Toencouragepeopletoworkinpubliclibraries.C.Tointroducetheimprovedservicesofpubliclibraries.D.Tocallforthemodernizationofpubliclibrarysystems.
3.阅读理解
Forpeople,whoareinterestedinsound,thefieldofsoundtechnologyisdefinitelymakingnoise.Inthepast,soundengineersworkedinthebackroomsofrecordingstudios,butmanyoftoday’ssoundprofessionalsaresharingtheirknowledgeandexperiencewithprofessionalsinotherfieldstocreatenewproductsbasedonthephenomenonwecallsound.
Soundcanbeusedasaweapon.Imaginethatapoliceofficerischasingathief.Thethieftriestoescape.Andtheofficercan’tlethimgetaway.Hepullsoutaspecialdevice,pointsitatthesuspect,andswitchesiton.Thethiefdropstotheground.ThisnewweaponiscalledaLongRangeAcousticDevice.Itproducesadeafeningsoundsopainfulthatittemporarilydisablesaperson.ThenoisefromtheLRADisdirectedlikearayoflightandtravelsonlyintotheearsofthatperson,butitisnotdeadly.
Forthosewhohungerforsomepeaceandquiet,soundcannowcreatesilence.Let’ssayyouareattheairport,andthelittleboyontheseatnexttoyouishummingashortcommercialsong.Hehumsitoverandoveragain,andyouareabouttogocrazy.ThankstotheSilenceMachine,aBritishinvention,youcangetridofthesoundwithoutupsettingtheboyorhisparents.OnemaywonderhowtheSilenceMachineworks.Well,itfunctionsbyanalyzingthewavesoftheincomingsoundandcreatingasecondsetofoutgoingwaves.Thetwosetsofwavescanceleachotherout.Simplyturnthemachineorpointitatthetarget,andyourpeaceandquietcomesback.
Directedsoundisanewtechnologythatallowscompaniestousesoundinmuchthesamewayspotlightsareusedinthetheater.Aspotlightlightsuponlyonesectionofastage;similarly,“spotsound”createsacircleofsoundinontargetedarea.Thiscanbeusefulforbusinessessuchasrestaurantsandstoresbecauseitoffersanewwaytoattractcustomers.Restaurantscanofferachoiceofmusicalongwiththevariousfoodchoicesonthemenu,allowingcustomersmorecontrolovertheatmosphereinwhichtheyaredining.Directedsoundisalsobeginningtoappearinshoppingcentersandevenathomes.
(1)WhatcouldbeinferredfromParagraph2abouttheeffectoftheLRAD?
A.Itcausestemporaryhearingloss.B.Itslowsdownarunningman.C.Itmakesiteasytoidentifyasuspect.D.Itkeepsthesuspectfromhurtingothers.
(2)TheSilenceMachineisadevicespeciallydesignedto________.
A.silencethepeoplearoundyouB.removethesoundofcommercialsC.blocktheincomingsoundwavesD.stopunwantedsoundfromaffectingyou
(3)Whatfeaturedospotsoundsandspotlightsshare?
A.Theytravelincircles.B.Theycleartheatmosphere.C.Theycanbetransformedintoenergy.D.Theycanbedirectedontoaspecificarea.
(4)Directedsoundcanbeusedfor________.
A.creativedesignsofrestaurantmenusB.idealsoundeffectsonthetheaterstageC.differentchoicesofmusicforbusinessesD.strictcontroloveranysuspiciouscustomer
(5)Whatdoesthepassagefocuson?
A.Howprofessionalsinventedsoundproducts.B.Inventionsinthefieldofsoundtechnology.C.Thegrowinginterestinthestudyofsound.D.Howsoundengineersworkintheirstudios.
4.阅读理解
ThetrafficsignalsalongFactoriaBoulevardinBellevue,Washington,generallydon’tflashthesamelengthofgreentwiceinarow,especiallyatrushhour.At9:
30am,thefullred/yellow/greensignalcyclemightbe140seconds.By9:
33am,aburstofadditionaltrafficmightpushitto145seconds.Lesstrafficat9:
37amcouldpushitdownto135.Justlikethetrafficitself,thetimingofthesignalschanges.
Thatisbydesign.Bellevue,afast-growingcityjusteastofSeattle,usesasystemthatisgainingpopularityaroundtheUS:
intersectionsignalsthatcanadjustinrealtimetotrafficconditions.Theselights,knownasadaptivesignals,haveledtosignificantdeclinesinboththetroubleandcostoftravelsbetweenworkandhome.
“Adaptivesignalscanmakesurethatthetrafficdemandthatisthereis
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