英语阅读理解社会文化专项习题及答案解析及解析.docx
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英语阅读理解社会文化专项习题及答案解析及解析.docx
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英语阅读理解社会文化专项习题及答案解析及解析
英语阅读理解(社会文化)专项习题及答案解析及解析
一、高中英语阅读理解社会文化类
1.阅读理解
InIndia,oneofthemostsignificantfestivalsisDiwali,whichfallsbetweenOctoberandNovember.It'safive-daycelebrationthatincludesgoodfood,fireworks,coloredsand,andspecialcandlesandlamps.
InhonorofLakshmi,theHindugoddessofwealth,peoplemakespecialprayersonthefirstdaytoobtainblessingsforwelfare,succcss,andwell-being.Peoplewelcomethegoddessintotheirhomesbydecoratingentranceswithcolorfullanternsandtraditionaldesigns.Inaddition,manypeopletreatthemselvestofinejewelry,prayingforgoodfortune.Thosewhocannotaffordsomuch,seekoutcheaperitemssuchasclothesorhouseholdgoods.
TheseconddayofthefestivaliscalledKaliChaudas.Forsome,thedayprovidesanopportunitytodriveawaymisfortunefromhomesandbusinesses.Theydecoratetheirhomeswithclaylampsandcreatedesignpatternscalledrangolionthefloorusingcoloredpowderorsand.
Thethirddayiswhenthebiggestcelebrationsoccur,whichbeginearlyinthemorningwithavisittoatempletoseektheblessingsofthegoddess.Asthesunsets,festivalobserverslightuptheirhomeswithsmalllampsandenjoydelicioustraditionalfoodswiththeirlovedones.
Thefestival'sfourthdayiscelebratedinmanydifferentways.Friendsandrelativesvisitwithgifts,sweetsandbestwishesfortheseason.
AndthefinaldayofthefestivaliscalledBhaiOooj
Ithonorstheclosebondbetweenbrothersandsistersandisobservedwithtraditionalceremoniesandmoredeliciousfood.
ForchildreninIndia,DiwaliissimilartoChristmas.Theygetallentireweekofffromschoolandaretreatedtogifts,newclothes,amazingfood,and,inthepastatleast,alargenumberoffireworks.Itisnowonderthatthefestivalrankshighamongthecountry'sfavoritecelebrations.
(1)PeoplecelebratethefirstdayofDiwalimainlyfor______.
A.goodfortune.
B.colorfullanterns
C.expensivejewelry
D.traditionaldesigns
(2)What'stheprobablepurposeofcreating"rangoli"onthefloor?
A.Todesigntraditionalpatterns.
B.Toproducecoloredpowderorsand.
C.Tohelpgetridofbadluck.
D.Toproduceanopportunityinbusiness.
(3)Whatisamanlikelytodoonthelastdayofthefestival?
A.Exchangegiftsandbestwisheswithhislovedones.
B.Bebusydecoratinghishomeduringtheday.
C.Gettogetherwithhissistersandbrothers.
D.Lightuphishomewithsmalllamps.
(4)Whichofthefollowingmaynotbeareasonforchildren'sloveofDiwali?
A.Havingaweekoff.
B.GettingChristmasgifts.
C.Enjoyingamazingfood.
D.Settingofffireworks.
【答案】
(1)A
(2)C
(3)C
(4)B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了印度最重要的节日之一——排灯节。
(1)细节理解题。
根据第二段中的“InhonorofLakshmi,theHindugoddessofwealth,peoplemakespecialprayersonthefirstdaytoobtainblessingsforwelfare,succcss,andwell-being.”印度人庆祝排灯节第一天是为了获得生活,成功,为人方面的好运。
故选A。
(2)考查细节理解。
根据第三段中的“Forsome,thedayprovidesanopportunitytodriveawaymisfortunefromhomesandbusinesses.Theydecoratetheirhomeswithclaylampsandcreatedesignpatternscalledrangolionthefloorusingcoloredpowderorsand.”在排灯节为了驱散家里和生意的霉运,印度人会在地上用彩色粉或沙子创造出rangoli形状。
故选C。
(3)考查细节理解。
根据倒数第二段中的“AndthefinaldayofthefestivaliscalledBhaiOooj.Ithonorstheclosebondbetweenbrothersandsistersandisobservedwithtraditionalceremoniesandmoredeliciousfood.”排灯节最后一天是纪念兄弟姐妹亲密纽带的日子。
可知这天男子会和自己的兄弟姐妹在一起。
故选C。
(4)考查细节理解。
根据最后一段中的“ForchildreninIndia,DiwaliissimilartoChristmas.Theygetallentireweekofffromschoolandaretreatedtogifts,newclothes,amazingfood,and,inthepastatleast,alargenumberoffireworks.Itisnowonderthatthefestivalrankshighamongthecountry'sfavoritecelebrations.”印度孩子们喜欢排灯节因为 他们可以放假一周,吃美味食物,还有大量烟花,没有说收到圣诞节礼物。
故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查,是一篇文化类阅读,考生需要准确捕捉细节信息,并结合题目要求,从而选出正确答案。
2.阅读理解
March21hasbeendeclaredWorldSleepDay,atimetorecognizeandcelebratethevalueofsleep.Manysleepexpertshopeitwillbeawake-upcall.
Accordingtoapoll(民意调查)bytheNationalSleepFoundation,nearly4in5Americansdon'tgetasmuchsleepastheyshouldduringtheworkweek.Onaverage,adultsarethoughttoneedatleasteighthoursofsleepanight,althoughsomecanmanagewithlessandsomewon'tdowellwithoutmore.Butthesurveyfoundthat,onweekdays,only21%ofAmericansactuallygetafulleighthoursofsleep,andanother21%getlessthansixhours.
Tomanyofus,thethoughtofspendingmoretimesleepingis,well,abigyawn.Ontheotherhand,thethoughtofbeingsmarter,thinner,healthierandmorecheerfulhasacertainappeal.Andthosearejustafewoftheadvantagesthatcanbeoursifweconsistentlygetenoughsleep,researcherssay.Alsoontheplusside:
We'relikelytohavebetterskin,bettermemories,betterjudgment,and,oh,yes,longerlives.
“Whenyouloseevenonehourofsleepforanyreason,itinfluencesyourperformancethenextday,”saysDr.AlonAvidan,directoroftheUCLASleepDisordersCenter.
Astudypublishedlastyearfoundthesametobetrueevenofchildren.Whenkidsaged8to12sleptforjustonehourlessforfournights,theydidn'tfunctionaswellduringtheday.
Butsleepinghasanimageproblem.“Weseenappingorsleepingaslazy,”saysJenniferVriend,aclinicalpsychologistinOttawa,Canada,andtheleadingauthorofthestudywithchildren.“Weputsomuchemphasisondiet,nutritionandexercise.Sleepisinthebackseat.Infact,”sheadds,“nomatterhowmuchweworkout,nomatterhowwellweeat,wecan'tbeintopphysicalshapeunlesswealsogetplentyofsleep.”
(1)TheunderlinedpartinParagraph1means .
A. wakingupthesleepers B. drawingpeople'sattention
C. servingasamorningcall
D. declaringthespecialday
(2)FromParagraph3wecaninferthat .
A. beinghealthierisoneoftheadvantagesforus
B. sleepinghasnothingtodowithone'sexpectations
C. enoughsleepistheguaranteeoftheappealingthings
D. spendingmoretimeinsleepingisawasteoftime
(3)WhatJenniferVriendsaidinthelastparagraphimpliesthat .
A. peoplecarelittleaboutsleeping
B. sleepingisanimageproblem
C. lazypeopletendtosleeplong
D. sleepingisonlypartofourlife
(4)Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?
A. Totalkaboutpeople'ssleepingproblems.
B. Toprovideaninvestigationresultofsleeping.
C. Tostressthefunctionofsleepingatnight.
D. Toarousetheawarenessofenoughsleep.
【答案】
(1)B
(2)C
(3)A
(4)D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,充足的睡眠对我们非常重要,为了引起人们的足够重视,3月21日被宣布为世界睡眠日。
(1)考查词义猜测。
此处指,睡眠专家希望3月21日被宣布为世界睡眠日这件事会引起人们对睡眠的重视。
由此可知,awake-upcall含有警钟的意思。
与B项表述的意思相近,故选B。
(2)考查推理判断。
根据第三段中的“Ontheotherhand,thethoughtofbeingsmarter,thinner,healthierandmorecheerfulhasacertainappeal.”可知,充足的睡眠可以使我们更聪明、更苗条、更健康、更快乐等,这些都是有吸引力的事情。
故选C。
(3)考查推理判断。
根据最后一段中的“Weputsomuchemphasisondiet,nutritionandexercise.Sleepisinthebackseat.”可知,人们注重饮食、营养和锻炼,不很重视睡眠。
故选A。
(4)考查推理判断。
这篇文章旨在让人们意识到充足睡眠的重要性,呼吁人们关注睡眠问题。
故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及词义猜测和推理判断两个题型的考查,是一篇文化类阅读,要求考生根据上下文进行逻辑推理,从而选出正确答案。
3.阅读理解
TheNazcaLinesareaseriesoflargeancientgeoglyphs(地画)intheNazcaDesert,insouthernPeru.Itisrangingfromgeometricpatternstodrawingsofdifferentanimalsandstylizedhuman-likeforms.Theancientlinescanonlybetrulytakeninfromhighintheair,leavinggenerationspuzzledastohowthesepreciseworkscouldhavebeencompletedlongbeforethedocumentedinventionofhumanflight.
TheLineswerefirstspottedwhencommercialairlinesbeganflyingacrossthePeruviandesertinthe1920,s.Whobuiltthemandwhatwastheirpurpose?
Aretheyroads,starpointers,maybeevenagiganticmap?
Ifthepeoplewholivedhere2,000yearsagohadonlyasimpletechnology,howdidtheymanagetoconstructsuchprecisefigures?
Didtheyhaveaplan?
Thesemarkingsarelikeavastpuzzle.
TheNazcaLinesarethemostoutstandinggroupofgeoglyphsintheworld.TherearealsohugegeoglyphsinEgypt,Malta,UnitedStates(MississippiandCalifornia),Chile,Holiviaandinothercountries.ButtheNazcageoglyphs,becauseoftheirnumbers,characteristics,dimensionsandculturalcontinuityastheyweremadeandremadethroughoutacertainhistoryperiod,formthemostimpressivearcheological(考古学的)group.
TheNazcaplainisuniqueforitsabilitytopreservethemarkingsuponit,duetothecombinationoftheclimate(oneofthedriestonEarth,withonlytwentyminutesofrainfallperyear)andtheflat,stonygroundwhichminimizestheeffectofthewindatgroundlevel.Withnodustorsandtocovertheplainandlittlerainorwindtoerode(腐蚀)it,linesdrawnheretendtostaydrawn.Thesefactors,combinedwiththeexistenceoflighter-coloredsubsoilbeneaththedesertsurface,provideavastwritingpadthatissuitedtotheartistwhowantstoleavehismarketernal.
(1)WhatcanweknowabouttheNazcaLinesfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?
A. Theywerebuiltasabigmap.
B. Theywereformedbynature.
C. Theyareancientlinesincaves.
D. Theyarehugemarkingsinadesert
(2)HowmanyfactorsmaketheNazcaLinesthemostimpressive?
A. One. B. Two. C. Three. D. Four.
(3)WhyaretheNazcaLineswellpreserved?
A. Becauseofthewindatgroundlevel.
B. Becauseoftheexistenceofsoftsoil.
C. Becauseoftheclimateandgeography.
D. Becauseofthethicksandonthetop.
(4)Whatdoestheunderlinedword“eternal”probablymean?
A.
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