通过小说《宠儿》看美国的种族歧视.docx
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通过小说《宠儿》看美国的种族歧视.docx
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通过小说《宠儿》看美国的种族歧视
通过小说《宠儿》看美国的种族歧视
AnAnalysisoftheRacialDiscriminationinAmericainBeloved
Abstract
BelovedisthemasterpieceofToniMorrison--thefamousAfro-Americanwomanwriter.ToniMorrisonwontheNobelPrizein1993whichmadeherthefirstblackwomantowinthisprizeinthehistoryofAmerica.ThisnovelisregardedasamilestoneinAmericanliterature.Morrisonissuchapersonwhoholdsthefirmnationalstatus,andhasdeeppersonalviewsontheracialcontradictions.InBeloved,shestatsacentralstoryofSethekillingherdaughterBeloved.ThroughthisnovelsheexposestheproblemofracialdiscriminationinAmerica.
TheauthorofthepresentthesistriestoseetheracialdiscriminationinAmericathroughtheanalysisofthefateofBeloved.ThefactthatBelovedisnotbelovedcouldbedisplayedinmanyaspects,andthroughthesefacts,someracialproblemscouldbeexposed.WhatmakesBelovednotbelovedincludesthesocialreasons,thefamilyreasonsandthepersonalreasons.Beloved’stragedyisaepitomeofthewholeblackpeople.Attheendofthepresentthesis,theauthortriestotalkaboutthesolutiontotheracialprobleminAmerica.
Keywords:
Beloved;love;slaverysystem;racialdiscrimination
摘要
《宠儿》是美国著名非洲裔女作家托尼·莫里森的代表作,于1993年获得诺贝尔文学奖,从而使莫里森成为第一个获此奖项的黑人女作家,而该部作品也成为了美国文学史上的一个里程碑。
莫里森作为一个黑人,对种族问题持有深刻的个人见解。
在《宠儿》中,她讲述了塞丝杀死女儿的中心故事,并通过这个故事揭露了美国的种族歧视问题。
在本论文中,作者通过对宠儿命运的分析来看美国的种族歧视。
宠儿不受宠的事实可以从多个方面得以体现,而通过这些事实,一些种族问题也得以揭露。
造成宠儿不受宠的原因主要包括社会的、家庭的与个人的原因,宠儿的悲剧是整个黑人民族的缩影。
在论文的最后,作者讨论了美国种族问题的未来以及解决之道。
关键词:
宠儿;宠爱;奴隶制;种族歧视
Contents
Introduction1
1IntroductionofToniMorrisonandBeloved1
2BackgroundKnowledge2
ChapteroneBelovedIsNotBeloved3
1.1TheFactsthatBelovedIsNotBeloved3
1.2TheRacialProblemsReflectingfromtheaboveFacts5
ChaptertwoTheReasonsthatMakeBelovedNotBeloved6
2.1TheSocialReasons7
2.2TheFamilyReasons9
2.3ThePersonalReasons10
ChapterthreeTheEchooftheTragedy12
3.1TheFutureoftheRacialProbleminAmerica13
3.2TheSolutiontotheRacialProbleminAmerica14
Conclusion16
Introduction
1.IntroductionofToniMorrisonandBeloved
BelovedisanoutstandingliteratureworkofToniMorrisonwhoisonefamousAfro-AmericanwriterborninthestateofOhioin1931.Morrisonhasdeepviewsontheracialproblemandhaswrittenmanybookstodisplaythislong-existedprobleminAmerica.BelovedisthefifthandthemostmatureworkofToniMorrison,aswellasthemasterpieceofhers.BelovedgottheNobelPrizein1993,thusmakingitsauthorthefirstblackwomantowinthisprizeinliterature,sothenovelbecameamilestoneinthehistoryofAmericanliterature.ManycriticshaverecognizedBelovedasthebestnovelofAmericainthelast25years.SoBelovedisoneworkworthofstudying.WhenthisworkisputintothewidebackgroundofthemodernsocietyofAmerica,thefateofBelovedisnotonefateofherself,butthatofthewholeblack.ThroughtheanalysisofthefactthatBelovedisnotbeloved,oneofthebiggestproblemsinAmericacouldbeexploded,thushavingitspracticalvaluesinthemodernsociety.
BelovedisahistoricalfictionaswellasaghoststoryinwhichMorrisontellsacentralstorythatSethekillsherdaughterBeloved.SetheisaslaveintheSweetHouse--plantationinKentucky,andunabletobeartheinhumantreatmentofslaveowners.Sheescapestohermother-in-law’shouseinCincinnati,wheresheandherchildrenspendahappylifeof28days,afterwhichtheslavecatcherscomeandSethe,inordertoprotectherchildrenfromslavery,choosestokillthem.Howeveratlast,onlytheelderdaughterBeloveddies.Eighteenyearslater,Belovedcomesbackintotheearthasawoman.Beloved'sreturnconsumesSethetothepointwheresheignoresherotherdaughterandevenherownneeds,whileBelovedbecomesmoreandmoredemanding.AtlastPaulDandDenverexpelleeBelovedaway.AsMorrisonsaysatthefirstpageofthisnovel:
SixMillion
Andmore
Iwillcallthemmypeople,
Whichwerenotmypeople;
andherbeloved,
whichwasnotbeloved.
ROMANS9:
25
[1]
2.BackgroundKnowledge
2.1TheSettingoftheStory
ThesettingofthenovelBelovedisthereconstructionerain1873,whichisaperiodaftercivilwar.Thereconstructionperiodisrankedfrom1865to1877,duringwhichtherearetwoextrusiveproblemswhichAmericansface,namelythereconstructionofthestatusforthesouthernstatesandthereconstructionofthepositionfortheblackpeople.Intheprocessofthereconstruction,theconflictsofclasses,races,andreligionsarecomplicated.Theblackpeoplearecruellypersecutedandtheblackslaveswhohavegotfreedomarealsolynchedbymanyterrororganizations.Thefreedslavesdon’tlivemuchbetterthantheslavesactually.
Thisstoryfrequentlyflashbackstotheearly1850swhenslaveryisrampant,aswellasthetimewhentheblackpeopleareinawaketohaveactiveattitudetowardsthefightingforfreedomandequality.Thewhiteslaveownerstreattheslavescruelly.
2.2TheSettingfortheCreationofThisStory
Foraverylongtime,ToniMorrisonhadahopethatshecouldrebuildthelosthistoryforthewholeblackpeople,andshewantedtocreateacanonoftheblackwork.In1974,whenMorrisonwasaneditorfortheLanguageBookshop,shetouchedatrueeventthatablackmotherMargaretwhowasaslaveinKentuckyescapingfromthefarm,andwhentheslaveownerscapturedher,shekilledherdaughterwithanaxinordertosavethedaughterfrombeingaslave.Thenaftertenyearsofpreparingandthreeyearsofwriting,thestrikingcomposingBelovedcameintobeingin1987.Inthenovel,MorrisonborrowsthetruestoryofMargaret.ThemotheristhemodelofSethe,andthisincidentisalsothemodelofthecentraleventinBeloved.
ChapterOneBelovedIsNotBeloved
Belovedhasanelusive,complexcharacter.Heridentityisthecentralcharacterforthereaderstounderstandthenovel.Asmostreadersconsider,BelovedistheembodiedspiritofSethe’sdeaddaughter.Belovedneverreceiveslovetruly,andthroughthesefactssomeracialproblemsinAmericacouldbereflected.
1.1TheFactsthatBelovedIsNotBeloved
Belovedisabeautifulname,givingpeopletheillusionthatsheisachildwhogrowsupintheatmosphereofbeinglovedandcared.However,itiscontrarytothefact,becausesheistheonewhoisnevercaredbutonlydesertedandmurdered.ThefactthatBelovedisnotlovedcouldbedisplayedmainlyinthefollowingaspects.
1.1.1BelovedIsMurderedbyHerOwnMother
Belovediskilledbyherownmotherwhensheisonlyaboutoneyearold.Hermother,Sethe,cutherthroatwithasharphandsaw.Sethedoesn’twantherchildrentoexperiencewhatshehasexperiencedintheSweetHouse.Livingthereisaratherunpleasantexperienceforher.Sheisputtotheanimalsideandworkshardbutbeingtreatedasacoworgoat.Thetwowhiteslaveownersholdherdownandtakehermilkaway.What’smore,hersaintloveasamotherisinvadedcruelly.Finally,Belovedbecomestheonlyonewhoescapesfromtheearthbecauseofhermother’s“help”,butatthesametimeshebecomestheonlyonewhoisdesertedtotheworldfullofdarkness.Atthattime,sheisstillasmallbabywhocouldonlycrawl.Shehastobeusedtofacingthedarknessbyherself.
1.1.2BelovedIsHatedbyPaulD
PaulDplaysanimportantroletorepressBeloved.Fromthebeginningtotheend,whathedoesistoexorciseBelovedout.Whencomingintothehouseof124forthefirsttime,heuseshispowertoforcethebabyghostgoaway.whenBelovedcomesbacktotheearthintheformofawoman,bothSetheandDenvertreatherasamemberofthehouse,butonlyPaulDcouldnotacceptastrangeragain,evenbasesonthefactthathedoesn’tknowthiswomanistheghost.SomaybehisprejudiceandunfriendlinessisnotpointedtoBelovedbuttoallthepersonswhosnatchSethe’slove.However,hishostilemoodandhisfeelingorattitudetootherintrudershavemadeBelovedapersonwhocouldnotgetlovefromhimnorfromhermotheratlast.PaulDhasplayedaroleinrepressingBeloved.HehasnorelationwithBelovedbutaddsmorebitternessonher.
1.1.3BelovedIsExpelledtotheEdgeofDeathbyHerSister
Attheendofthestory,asthesisterofBeloved,Denvercomesoutofthehousetoseekhelpfromthecommunity,thusmakingBeloveddisappear.Tosomeextent,DenveristhemurderofBelovedwhohascomebacktotheearth.IfitwerenotforDenver,nooneinthecommunitywouldpayattentiontothehouseof124,andwithouther,noonewouldcometothehousetoexpelBeloved.WhetherBeloveddoesrightorwrong,itisafactthathersistersendshertothedeathonceagainashermotherdid18yearsago.
1.1.4BelovedIsExorcisedbytheCommunity
TheblackcommunityexorcisesBelovedfrom124:
Theytreatherasjustahauntedghost,hatesherandthenforgetsher.
Foraverylongtime,thecommunityhasignoredthefamilyof124whereSetheandherchildrenlive.BecauseSethekillsherowndaughterandallthepeoplelivinginthecommunitythinkthatamotherwhocouldmurderherchildwoulddefinitelynotworthyofgettingalongwith.“ThecommunitymakesthefamilyofSetheliveseparatelyfornearly19years.”[2]ButwhenBelovedcomesbackasaghost,theyshowtheirempathytoSetheforthefirsttimeandtheytrytodrivetheghostawayfromtheirgroup.Thisbehaviorshowsthatcomparingthecriminalsthatthealivepersonhasdone,peoplewholiveincommunitycouldnotendurethethingstheghostdoes.Belovedseesthattheblackpeoplebecomeahillbeforeher.Whentheghostwithoutskincomesandtakesherawaytothedarknessagain,thecommunityexpelleesBelovedo
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- 关 键 词:
- 宠儿 通过 小说 美国 种族歧视