第五讲 初中英语中考考点之定语从句详解附练习.docx
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第五讲 初中英语中考考点之定语从句详解附练习.docx
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第五讲初中英语中考考点之定语从句详解附练习
第五讲定语从句
考点追击
1.概念
定语从句是在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句
先行词是定语从句所修饰的词(可能是名词,也可能是代词),定语从句放在其后面。
关系代词有that,which,who(宾格who,所有格whose)
关系副词有where,when、why
关系词(包括关系代词和关系副词)常有三个作用:
1、引导定语从句(放于先行词与定语从句之间)2、代替先行词3、在定语从句中担当一个成分(可以做宾语或主语)
2.实例
1)Themanwholivesnexttousisapoliceman.
2)YoumustdoeverythingthatIdo.
上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词,叫先行词,定语从句放在先行词的后面。
3.重点点拨:
二、关系代词引导的定语从句
1.who指人,在从句中做主语
(1)TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.
(2)YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.
注意:
(去掉黑体字部分就是主句,黑体字部分是从句,在从句中,areplayingfootball缺少主语,所以who在句子做主语,即从句缺少什么成分就做什么成分)
2.whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略。
(1)Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedabout.
注意:
关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替,可省略。
(3)Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.(划线部分是主句)
3.which指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略
(1)Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.(which在句子中做主语)
(2)Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.(which在句子中做宾语)
4.that指人时,相当于who或者whom;指物时,相当于which。
在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略。
(5)Thepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityareallhere.(在句子中做主语)
(6)Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?
(在句子中做宾语)
5.whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语(当先行词与从句的主语存在所属关系时,必须用whose)
(1)Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.(划线部分存在所属关系)
(2)Ilivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.(划线部分存在所属关系)
whose指物时,常用以下结构来代替
(3)Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.
=Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.
(5)Doyoulikethebookwhosecolorisyellow?
=Doyoulikethebookthecolorofwhichisyellow?
注:
that用法
(1)不用that的情况
(a)在引导非限定性定语从句时。
(错)Thetree,thatisfourhundredyearsold,isveryfamoushere.
(b)介词后不能用。
Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.(因为有from,所以不能用that)
Wedependonthelandthat/whichwegetourfoodfrom.
(2)只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况
(a)在therebe句型中,只用that,不用which。
(b)在不定代词,如:
anything,nothing,theone,all等作先行词时,只用that,不用which。
(c)先行词有theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast,just修饰时,只用that。
(d)先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时,只用that,不能用which。
.
(e)先行词既有人,又有物时。
(f)先行词指物,在主句中作表语时.
(g)为了避免重复.
(h)先行词是theway或thereason时,that可作关系副词,也可省略
(i)主句的主语是疑问词who/which时
举例:
Isthisthebookthatyouborrowedinthelibrary?
这是你在图书馆借的那本书吗?
Whothatbreakthewindowshouldbepunished.
谁打碎了窗户都要受到惩罚.
Allthatisneededisasupplyofoil.
所需的只是供油问题。
Finally,thethiefhandedeverythingthathehadstolentothepolice.
那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。
三、关系副词引导定语从句
关系副词关系副词:
在句中作状语
关系副词=介词+关系代词
why=forwhich
where=in/at/on/...which(介词同先行词搭配)
when=during/on/in/...which(介词同先行词搭配)
1.where指地点,在定语从句中做地点状语用来表示地点的定语从句。
(1)ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.
(2)ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.
2.when引导定语从句表示时间。
在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用
(1)IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametotheschool.
(2)Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallycame.
[注]表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when引导,有时不用任何关系代词,当然也不用that引导。
BythetimeyouarrivedinLondon,wehadstayedtherefortwoweeks.
到你到达伦敦的时候,我们在那里已经待了两个星期。
IstillrememberthefirsttimeImether.我仍然记得我第一次见到她。
Eachtimehegoestobusinesstrip,hebringsalotoflivingnecessities,suchastowels,soap,toothbrushetc。
每一次他去出差,他带来了生活必需品,如毛巾,肥皂,牙刷等,很多。
3.why指原因在定语从句中做原因状语
(1)Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.
(2)Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday.
注意:
关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换
(1)Thereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisnotclear,
(2)Fromtheyearwhen/inwhichhewasgoingtoschoolhebegantoknowwhathewantedwhenhegrewup.
注:
1)介词后面的关系代词不能省略。
2)that前不能有介词。
3)某些在从句中充当时间,地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when,where和why互换。
ThisisthehouseinwhichIlivedtwoyearsago.
ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.
Doyourememberthedayonwhichyoujoinedourclub?
Doyourememberthedaywhenyoujoinedourclub?
Thisisthereasonwhyhecamelate.
Thisisthereasonforwhichhecamelate.
中考难点
注意:
短暂性动词不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用,但是它们可以转换成相应的延续性动词.
1.直接用延续性动词buy–have;borrow—keep;become—be;puton--wear
2.转换成be+名词gotoschool–beastudent
3转换成be+形容词或副词
die—bedead;finish–beover;begin/start—beon;leave—beaway;fallsleep–beasleepclose–beclosedcometo/goto/arriveat(in)+某地—bein(at)+某地marry—bemarriedreturn—bebackgetup—beup
4.转换成be+介词短语gotoschool–beinschool;getup_beup;
练习
小试牛刀
下列用that,which,,who,whom,whose填空。
1. Thisistheman________wantstoseeyou.主语
2. Thestudent___________answeredthequestionisZhangHua.宾语
3. Theman__________youwenttoseehascome.宾
4. Thewoman_______________yousawisourgeographyteacher.宾
5. Hereisthepen_________youlostthedaybeforeyesterday.宾
6. Aclockisamachine______tellspeoplethetime.
7. Adictionaryisabook_____________givesthemeaningtotheword.
8. Thebook_______isonthetableismine.
9. Iwillneverforgetthepeopleandtheplaces_____Ihaveevervisited.
10. Isthereanyone____________familyisinBeijing?
11. Showmetheboy______________motherisawell-knownsinger.
12. Theboy______fatherisateacherisgoodatEnglish.
中考直通车
1.—Alan,it’slate.Whynotgotobed?
—Jennyhasn’tcomebackyet.Iforher
练习
(一)
请分析一下定语从句:
(请划出定语从句,并标出先行词)
3、单项选择
1.I’llneverforgetthelesson______lastyear.
A.thatIlearnB.thatIlearned
C.whatIlearnD.whatIlearned
2.Theyounglady_____isinterviewingLinZhixuanabouttheprogramIamasingerisfrom21stCenturyTalentNet.
A.whoB.whomC.whichD.whose
3.—Whatareyoulookingfor?
—I’mlookingforthewatch_______Iboughtyesterday.
A.whichB.whoC.whose
4.IlovetheschoolIhavestudiedinforthreeyears.
A.whereB.whenC.that
5.Themovie_______wesawlastnightwasfantastic.
A.thatB.whatC.whoseD.who
6.Teenagerslikereadingthebooks________arewrittenbyGuoJingming.
A.whoB.whatC.whoseD.that
7.--DoyouknowMoYan?
—Ofcourse.Heisthefamouswriter____wontheNobelPrizein2012.
A.whoB.whomC.which
8.Moststudentsliketheteachersunderstandthemwell.
A.whichB.whoC.whereD.when
9.Istillrememberthecollegeandtheteachers________IvisitedinLondonyearsago.
A.whatB.whoC.thatD.which
10.ThePalaceMuseumisthebestplace______I’veevervisited.
A.thatB.whichC.whereD.what
11.Thisistheschool_______wevisitedlastyear.
A.thatB.whereC.whoD.whose
12.—Doyouknowthegirl_______withourEnglishteacheroften?
—Yes,hernameisHelen.
A.whomtotalkB.whotalksC.whoistalkingD.whomtalks
13.Amyhas_________
A.longbrownhairB.brownlonghair
C.longbrownhairsD.brownlonghairs
14.Beingblindissomething_________mostpeoplecan’timagine.
A.whoB.whatC.thatD.whom
15.YesterdayLiMingwenttothevillage_________hisfamilylivedtenyearsago.
A.whenB.whichD.whereD.that
16.Afriendissomeone______says,“What!
Youtoo?
IthoughtIwastheonlyone!
”
A.whoB.whichC.whatD.whose
17.Iknowaplace__wecanhaveabigmeal.
A.thatB.whereC.whichD.what
18.---Whodoyouthinkistheman__________firstflewintospaceinChina?
---YangLiweiis.
A./B.whoC.thatD.whom
19.---Therearemanyvolunteers______arehelpingthechildreninSichuan.
---Andmostofthemarecollegestudents.
A.whichB.whenC.whoseD.who
20.------Look,it’sthemostbeautifulpark___________I’veevervisitedbefore.
-----Really?
HowIwishtogotoseeitformyself!
.
A.thatB.whichC.whomD.who
21.Wedislikepeople______talkmuchbutneverdoanything.
A.whomB.whichC.whoD.whose
22.Agovernmentisagroupofpeople______makedecisionsaboutthewaypeoplelive.
A.whoB.whichC.whomD.whatever
23.Therearemanyvolunteers_________arehelpingthechildreninSichuan.
A.whichB.whenC.whoD.why
24.—Whodoyouwanttotalkwithattheendofthespeech?
—Theman_________MrWhite.
A.theycallB.calledhimselfC.callshimselfD.iscalled
25.Agraduationceremonyisacustomtakesplacestudentsgraduatefromaschool.
A.which;whenB.that;whoC.which;whoseD.that;which
26.ThePalaceMuseumisthebestplace______I’veevervisited.
A.thatB.whichC.whereD.what
27.Ithinkthisisthemostinterestingthing_____hashappenedtous.
A.thatB.whichC.whatD.who
28.Successwillbelongtothose___neversayimpossible..
A.whomB.whoC.thatD.which
30.Doyounoticetheman______issittingunderthetree?
Heisournewteacher.
A.thatB.whoC.whom
31.Therearemanyvolunteers_________arehelpingthechildreninSichuan.
A.whichB.whenC.whoD.why
32.Shelikesthemusic_____shelikestosingalongwith.
A.thatB.inwhichC.whatD.who
33.Icanrememberwellsomepicturesandthepersons________Isawintheroom.
A.whomB.whoC.thatD.which
34.---Isthewoman________walkedpastjustnowyourteacher?
---Yes.Sheteaches________English.
A.that,ourB.who,usC.who,ourD.which,us
35.Taketheadvice________isgivenbyDr.White.
A.whoB.whichC.whose
36.SoYoung,themovie______wasfilmedinNanjing,isoninmanycities.
A.whichB.whatC.whoD.when
37.Peopleoftenlikeclothescanmakethemcomfortable.
A.whenB.whoC.thatD.where
38.Johnistheboy________legswerebadlyhurtintheaccident.
A.whoseB.thatC.who
39.Couldyoutellme_________findanotherinterestingdetectivestorytoread?
A.whereIcanB.wherecanIC.whereIcouldD.wherecouldI
40.I’vebecomegoodfriendswithseveralofthestudentsinmyschool_______Imet
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