考研全国硕士研究生招生考试英语一真题.docx
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考研全国硕士研究生招生考试英语一真题.docx
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考研全国硕士研究生招生考试英语一真题
Directions:
SectionIUseofEnglish
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)
AncientGreekphilosopherAristotleviewedlaughterasabodilyexerciseprecioustohealth.
But1
Laughterdoes2short-termchangesinthefunctionoftheheartanditsbloodvessels,3heartrateandoxygenconsumption.4,agoodlaughisunlikelytohave5
6,insteadofstrainingmusclestobuildthem,asexercisedoes,laughterapparentlyaccomplishesthe7.
Studiesdatingbacktothe1930sindicatethatlaughter8muscles,decreasingmuscletoneforupto45minutesafterthelaughdiesdown.
Suchbodilyreactionmightconceivablyhelp9theeffectsofpsychologicalstress.
Anyway,theactoflaughingprobablydoesproduceothertypesof10feedbackthatimproveanindividualsemotionalstate.
11oneclassicaltheoryofemotion,ourfeelingsarepartiallyrooted12physicalreactions.
Itwasarguedattheendofthe19thcenturythathumansdonotcry13
Althoughsadnessalso14tears,evidencesuggeststhatemotionscanflow15muscularresponses.
Inanexperimentpublishedin1988,socialpsychologistFritzStrackoftheUniversityofWürzburginGermanyaskedvolunteersto16apeneitherwiththeirteeth
orwiththeirlips,whichwouldproducea(n)17expression.
Thoseforcedtoexercisetheirsmilingmuscles18moreenthusiasticallytofunnycartoonsthandidthosewhosemouthswerecontractedinafrown,19
20,thephysicalactoflaughtercouldimprove
mood.
1.[A]among[B]except[C]despite[D]like
3.[A]stabilizing[B]boosting[C]impairing[D]determining
4.[A]transmit[B]sustain[C]evaluate[D]observe
5.[A]measurable[B]manageable[C]affordable[D]renewable
6.[A]Inturn[B]Infact[C]Inaddition[D]Inbrief
7.[A]opposite[B]impossible[C]average[D]expected
8.[A]hardens[B]weakens[C]tightens[D]relaxes
9.[A]aggravate[B]generate[C]moderate[D]enhance
10.[A]physical[B]mental[C]subconscious[D]internal
11.[A]Exceptfor[B]Accordingto[C]Dueto[D]Asfor
12.[A]with[B]on[C]in[D]at
13.[A]unless[B]until[C]if[D]because
14.[A]exhausts[B]follows[C]precedes[D]suppresses
15.[A]into[B]from[C]towards[D]beyond
16.[A]fetch[B]bite[C]pick[D]hold
18.[A]adapted[B]catered[C]turned[D]reacted
19.[A]suggesting[B]requiring[C]mentioning[D]supposing
20.[A]Eventually[B]Consequently[C]Similarly[D]Conversely
SectionReadingComprehension
PartADirections:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,Cor
D.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)
Text1
ThedecisionoftheNewYorkPhilharmonictohireAlanGilbertasitsnextmusicdirectorhasbeenthetalkoftheclassical-musicworldeversincethesuddenannouncementofhisappointmentin2009.
Forthemostpart,theresponsehasbeenfavorable,tosaytheleast.
Hooray!
Atlast!
wroteAnthonyTommasini,asober-sidedclassical-musiccritic.
Oneofthereasonswhytheappointmentcameassuchasurprise,however,isthatGilbertiscomparativelylittleknown.
EvenTommasini,whohadadvocatedGilbertsappointmentintheTimes,callshimanunpretentiousmusicianwithnoairoftheformidableconductorabouthim.
AsadescriptionofthenextmusicdirectorofanorchestrathathashithertobeenledbymusicianslikeGustavMahlerandPierreBoulez,thatseemslikelytohavestruckatleastsome
Timesreadersasfaintpraise.
Formypart,IhavenoideawhetherGilbertisagreatconductororevenagoodone.
Tobesure,heperformsanimpressivevarietyofinterestingcompositions,butitisnotnecessaryformetovisitAveryFisherHall,oranywhereelse,tohearinterestingorchestralmusic.
AllIhavetodoistogotomyCDshelf,orbootupmycomputeranddownloadstillmorerecordedmusicfromiTunes.
Devotedconcertgoerswhoreplythatrecordingsarenosubstituteforliveperformancearemissingthepoint.
Forthetime,attention,andmoneyoftheart-lovingpublic,classicalinstrumentalistsmustcompetenotonlywithoperahouses,dancetroupes,theatercompanies,andmuseums,butalsowiththerecordedperformancesofthegreatclassicalmusiciansofthe20thcentury.
Theserecordingsarecheap,availableeverywhere,andveryoftenmuchhigherinartisticqualitythantodaysliveperformances;moreover,theycanbeconsumedatatimeandplaceofthelistenerschoosing.
Thewidespreadavailabilityofsuchrecordingshasthusbroughtaboutacrisisintheinstitutionofthetraditionalclassicalconcert.
Onepossibleresponseisforclassicalperformerstoprogramattractivenewmusicthatisnotyetavailableonrecord.
Gilbertsowninterestinnewmusichasbeenwidelynoted:
AlexRoss,aclassical-musiccritic,hasdescribedhimasamanwhoiscapableofturningthePhilharmonicintoamarkedlydifferent,morevibrantorganization.
Butwhatwillbethenatureofthatdifference?
Merelyexpandingtheorchestrasrepertoirewillnotbeenough.
Americasoldestorchestraandthenewaudienceithopestoattract.
21.WelearnfromParagraph1thatGilbertsappointmenthas
[A]incurredcriticism.
[B]raisedsuspicion.
[C]receivedacclaim.
[D]arousedcuriosity.
22.TommasiniregardsGilbertasanartistwhois
[A]
[B]modest.
[C]respectable.
[D]talented.
23.Theauthorbelievesthatthedevotedconcertgoers
[A]ignoretheexpensesofliveperformances.
[B]
[C]exaggeratethevarietyofliveperformances.
[D]overestimatethevalueofliveperformances.
24.Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingistrueofrecordings?
[A]Theyareofteninferiortoliveconcertsinquality.
[B]Theyareeasilyaccessibletothegeneralpublic.
[C]Theyhelpimprovethequalityofmusic.
[D]Theyhaveonlycoveredmasterpieces.
25.RegardingGilbertsroleinrevitalizingthePhilharmonic,theauthorfeels
[A]doubtful.
[B]enthusiastic.
[C]
[D]puzzled.
Text2
WhenLiamMcGeedepartedaspresidentofBankofAmericainAugust,hisexplanationwassurprisinglystraightup.
Ratherthancloakinghisexitintheusualvagueexcuses,hecamerightoutandsaidhewasleavingtopursuemygoalofrunningacompany.
Broadcastinghisambitionwasverymuchmydecision,McGeesays.
Withintwoweeks,hewastalking
chairmanonSeptember29.
ofcompanyhewantedtorun.
Italsosentaclearmessagetotheoutsideworldabouthisaspirations.
AndMcGeeisntalone.
InrecentweekstheNo.2executivesatAvonandAmericanExpressquitwiththeexplanationthattheywerelookingforaCEOpost.
Asboardsscrutinizesuccessionplansinresponsetoshareholderpressure,executiveswhodontgetthenodalsomaywishtomoveon.
Aturbulentbusinessenvironmentalsohasseniormanagerscautiousoflettingvaguepronouncementscloudtheirreputations.
Inthethirdquarter,CEOturnoverwasdown23%fromayearagoasnervousboardsstuckwiththeleaderstheyhad,accordingtoLiberumResearch.
Astheeconomypicksup,opportunitieswillaboundforaspiringleaders.
Thedecisiontoquitaseniorpositiontolookforabetteroneisunconventional.
ForyearsexecutivesandheadhuntershaveadheredtotherulethatthemostattractiveCEOcandidatesaretheoneswhomustbepoached.
SaysKorn/FerryseniorpartnerDennisCarey:
Icant
thinkofasinglesearchIvedonewhereaboardhasnotinstructedmetolookatsittingCEOs
talwayslandedintoppositionsquickly.
EllenMarramquitaschiefofTropicanaadecadeago,sayingshewantedtobeaCEO.
ItwasayearbeforeshebecameheadofatinyInternet-basedcommoditiesexchange.
RobertWillumstadleftCitigroupin2005withambitionstobeaCEO.
institutionthreeyearslater.
Manyrecruiterssaytheolddisgraceisfadingfortopperformers.
Thetraditionalrulewasitssafertostaywhereyouare,butthatsbeenfundamentallyinverted,saysoneheadhunter.
Thepeoplewhovebeenhurttheworstarethosewhovestayedtoolong.
26.WhenMcGeeannouncedhisdeparture,hismannercanbestbedescribedasbeing
[A]arrogant.
[B]frank.
[C]self-centered.
[D]impulsive.
27.AccordingtoParagraph2,seniorexecutivesquittingmaybespurredby
[A]
[B]
[C]theirstrainedrelationswiththeboards.
[D]theirpursuitofnewcareergoals.
28.ThewordpoachedParagraph4mostprobablymeans
[A]approvedof.
[B]attendedto.
[C]huntedfor.
[D]guardedagainst.
29.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat
[A]topperformersusedtoclingtotheirposts.
[B]loyaltyoftopperformersisgettingout-dated.
[C]topperformerscaremoreaboutreputations.
[D]itssafertosticktothetraditionalrules.
30.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?
[A]CEOs:
WheretoGo?
[B]CEOs:
AlltheWayUp?
[C]TopManagersJumpwithoutaNet
[D]TheOnlyWayOutforTopPerformers
Text3
Theroughguidetomarketingsuccessusedtobethatyougotwhatyoupaidfor.
Nolonger.
Whiletraditionalpaidmediasuchastelevisioncommercialsandprintadvertisements
ofmedia.
Consumerspassionateaboutaproductmaycreateearnedmediabywillinglypromotingittofriends,andacompanymayleverageownedmediabysendinge-mailalertsaboutproductsandsalestocustomersregisteredwithitsWebsite.
Thewayconsumersnowapproachtheprocessofmakingpurchasedecisionsmeansthatmarketingsimpactstemsfromabroadrangeoffactorsbeyondconventionalpaidmedia.
Paidandownedmediaarecontrolledbymarketerspromotingtheirownproducts.
Forearnedmedia,suchmarket
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