大学英语四级真题及答案.docx
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大学英语四级真题及答案.docx
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大学英语四级真题及答案
新东方:
2008年12月四级写作范文
一、LimitingTheUseofDisposablePlasticBag
1.一次性塑料袋曾被广泛的使用
2.造成的问题
3.限制使用的意义
DisposableplasticbagswereoncewidelyusedinChina.Whenwewentshoppingatsupermarketsanddepartmentsstores,shoppingassistantsoftenprovidedfreeplasticbagsforourconvenience.Forawhile,lifewithoutthemseemedunimaginableformostofus.
However,disposableplasticbagsdobringseveredamagetoourenvironment.Costumersusuallythrewthemawayafteruse,andbecausetheyarethinandhardtodecompose,theseplasticproductswillexistforalongtime.Thisisanimmediatethreattoourearthandwater.
Nowadays,thegovernmenthaspassedrelevantregulationsforlimitingtheuseofdisposableplasticbags:
theyarenotfreeanymore.Insomeshoppingplaces,inordertoinvokethepublicawarenessofenvironmentalprotection,plasticbagsareofferedinamuchhigherprice.Asaresult,peoplearechangingtheirbehavior:
paperandclothingbagsthatvanishedforalongtimecomebacktoourdailylife.Itistruethatbylimitingitsusage,everyoneinthissocietycontributessomeefforttotheimprovementoftheenvironment.
PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)
Directions:
Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.
That’senough,kids
ItwasalovelydayattheparkandStellaBianchiwasenjoyingthesunshinewithhertwochildrenwhenayoungboy,agedaboutfour,approachedhertwo-year-oldsonandpushedhimtotheground.
“I’dwatchedhimforalittlewhileandmysonwasthefourthorfifthchildhe’dshoved,”shesays.”Iwentovertothem,pickedupmyson,turnedtotheboyandsaid,firmly,’No,wedon’tpush,”Whathappenednextwasunexpected.
“Theboy’smotherrantowardmefromacrossthepark,”Stellasays,”Ithoughtshewascomingovertoapologize,butinsteadshestartedshoutingatmefordiscipliningherchild,AllIdidwaslethimknowhisbehaviorwasunacceptable.WasIsupposedtositbackwhileherkiddidwhateverhewanted,hurtingotherchildrenintheprocess?
”
Gettingyourownchildrentoplayniceisdifficultenough.Dealingwithotherpeople’schildrenhasbecomeaminefield.
Inmyhouse,jumpingonthesofaisnotallowed.Inmysister’shouseit’sencouraged.Forher,it’saboutkidsbeingkids:
”Ifyoucan’tdoitatthree,whencanyoudoit?
”
Eachofthesephilosophiesisvalidand,ithastobesaid,mysonlovesvisitinghisaunt’shouse.ButIfindmyselfsaying“no”alotwhenherkidsareoveratmine.That’sOKbetweensistersbutbecomesdangerousterritorywhenyou’retalkingtothechildrenoffriendsoracquaintances.
“Kidsaren’tallraisedthesame,”agreesProfessorNaomiWhiteofMonashUniversity.”Butthereisstillanideathatthey’rethepropertyoftheparent.Weseeourchildrenasanextensionofourselves,soifyou’resayingthatmychildisbehavinginappropriately,thenthat’ssomehowacriticismofme.”
Inthosecircumstances,it’sdifficulttoknowwhethertoapproachthechilddirectlyortheparentfirst.Therearetwoschoolsofthought.
“I’dgotothechildfirst,”saysAndrewFuller,authorofTrickyKids.Usuallyaquietreminderthat’wedon’tdothathere’isenough.Kidsnavefinelytunedantennae(直觉)forhowtobehaveindifferentsettings.”
Hepointsoutbringingitupwiththeparentfirstmaymakethemfeelneglectful,whichcouldcauseproblems.Ofcourse,approachingthechildfirstcanbringitsownheadaches,too.
ThisiswhyWhiterecommendsthatyouapproachtheparentsfirst.Raiseyourconcernswiththeparentsifthey’rethereandaskthemtodealwithit,”shesays.
Askedhowtoapproachaparentinthissituation,psychologistMeredithFulleranswers:
”Explainyourneedsaswellasstressingtheimportanceofthefriendship.Prefaceyourremarkswithsomethinglike:
’Iknowyou’llthinkI’msillybutinmyhouseIdon’twant…’”
Whenitcomestosituationswhereyou’recaringforanotherchild,whiteisstraightforward:
“commonsensemustprevail.Ifthingsdon’tgowell,thenhaveachat.”
There’reacoupleofnewgreyareas.Physicalpunishment,onceacceptedfromanyadult,isnolongerappropriate.“Anewsetofconsiderationshascometotheforeaspartofthedebateabouthowwehandlechildren.”
ForAndrewFuller,thechild-centricnatureofoursocietyhasaffectedeveryone:
”Therulesaredifferentnowfromwhentoday’sparentsweregrowingup,”hesays,“Adultsarescaredofsaying:
’don’tswear’,oraskingachildtostanduponabus.They’reworriedthattherewillbeconflictiftheypointthesethingsout–eitherfromolderchildren,ortheirparents.”
Heseesitasalossofthesenseofcommonpublicgoodandpubliccourtesy(礼貌),andsaysthatadultssufferformitasmuchaschild.
MeredithFulleragrees:
“Acodeofconductishardtocreatewhenyou’relivinginaworldinwhicheveryoneisexhaustedfromoverworkandlackofsleep,andaworldinwhichnicepeopleareperceivedtofinishlast.”
“it’saboutwhatI’mdoingandwhatIneed,”AndrewFullersays.”thedayswhenakidcamehomefromschoolandsaid,“Igotintotrouble”.Anddadsaid,‘youprobablydeservedit’.Areover.Nowtheparentsarecharginguptotheschooltohaveagoatteachers.”
Thisjumpingtoourchildren’sdefenseispartofwhatfuelsthe“walkingoneggshells”feelingthatsurroundsourdealingswithotherpeople’schildren.Youknowthatifyouremonstrate(劝诫)withthechild,you’regoingtohavetodealwiththeparent.it’sadmirabletobeprotectiveofourkids,butisitgood?
“Childrenhavetolearntonegotiatetheworldontheirown,withinreasonableboundaries,”Whitesays.“Isuspectthatit’sonlycertainsectorsofthepopulationdoingtherunningtotheschool–better–educatedparentsareprobablymorelikelytobetooinvolved.”
Whitebelievesournotionsofamorechild-centred,it’sawayoftalkingabouttreatingourchildrenlikecommodities(商品).We’recentredonthembutinwaysthatreflectpositivelyonus.Wetreatthemasobjectswhoseappearanceandachievementsaresomethingwecanbeproudof,ratherthanservethebestinterestsofthechildren.”
Onewayover-worked,under-resourcedparentsshowcommitmenttotheirchildrenistoleaptotheirdefence.Backatthepark,Bianchi’sintervention(干预)onherson’sbehalfendedinanundignifiedexchangeofinsultingwordswiththeotherboy’smother.
AsBianchiapproachedtheparkbenchwhereshe’dbeensitting,othermumscameuptoherandcongratulatedherontakingastand.“Apparentlytheboyhadalongstandingreputationforbadbehaviourandhismumforevenworsebehaviourifhewaschallenged.”
AndrewFullerdoesn’tbelievethatweshouldbeafraidofdealingwithotherpeople’skids.“lookatkidsthataren’tyourownasapotentialminefield,”hesays.Herecommendsthatwedon’tstaysilentoverinappropriatebehaviour,particularlywithregularvisitors.
注意:
此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
1.WhatdidStellaBianchiexpecttheyoungboy’smothertodowhenshetalkedtohim?
A)makeanapology
B)comeovertointervene
C)disciplineherownboy
D)takeherownboyaway
2.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutdealingwithotherpeople’schildren?
A)it’simportantnottohurttheminanyway
B)it’snousetryingtostoptheirwrongdoing
C)it’sadvisabletotreatthemasone’sownkids
D)it’spossibleforonetogetintolotsoftrouble
3.AccordingtoprofessorNaomiwhiteofMonashuniversity,whenone’skidsarecriticized,theirparentswillprobablyfeel
A)discouraged
B)hurt
C)puzzled
D)overwhelmed
4.Whatshouldonedowhenseeingotherpeople’skidsmisbehaveaccordingtoAndrewfuller?
A)talktothemdirectlyinamildway
B)complaintotheirparentspolitely
C)simplyleavethemalone
D)punishthemlightly
5.Duetothechild-centricnatureofoursociety,
A)parentsareworriedwhentheirkidsswearatthem
B)peoplethinkitimpropertocriticizekidsinpublic
C)peoplearereluctanttopointourkids’wrongdoings
D)manyconflictsarisebetweenparentsandtheirkids
6.Inaworldwhereeveryoneisexhaustedfromoverworkandlackofsleep,.
A)it’seasyforpeopletobecomeimpatient
B)it’sdifficulttocreateacodeofconduct
C)it’simportanttobefriendlytoeverybody
D)it’shardforpeopletoadmireeachother
7.Howdidpeopleusetorespondwhentheirkidsgotintotroubleatschool?
A)they’dquestiontheteachers
B)they’dchargeuptotheschool
C)they’dtellthekidstoclamdown
D)They’dputtheblameontheirkids
8.Professorwhitebelievesthatthenotionsofamorechild-centredsocietyshouldbechallenged.
9.Accordingtoprofessorwhite,today’sparentstreattheirchildrenassomethingtheycanbeproudof.
10.Andrewfullersuggeststhat,whenkidsbehaveinappropriately,peopleshouldnotstaysilent.
2008-12-20四级快速阅读A卷标准答案(北京新东方版)
1.A
makeanapology.对应原文第7行Ithoughtshewascomingovertoapologise
2.D
It’spossibleforonetogetintolotstrouble对应原文第10行Dealingwithotherpeople’schildrenhasbecomeaminefield,其中minefield指的是雷区,表明比较难于处理的问题
3.B
hurt对应原文第一页倒数第10行thenthat’ssomehowacriticismofme
4.A
Talktothemdirectlyinamildway.对应原文第一页倒数第6行usuallyaquietreminderthat“wedon’tdothathere”isenough.
5.C
peoplearereluctanttopointoutkid’swrongdoings.此题难度较大,需要阅读中跳跃的范围较大,要直接跳到原文第二页的第10行ForAndrewFuller,thechild-centricnatureofoursocietyhasaffectedeveryone,“Therulesaredifferentnowfromwhentoday’sparentsweregrowingup.
6.B
It’sdifficulttocreateacodeofconduct.对
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