Development-by-Classification.ppt
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Development-by-Classification.ppt
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DivisionandClassification,Classification,Classificationisaformofessayorganizationthatisusedtogrouprelateditems-thingsorpeople-accordingtosomequalitytheyhaveincommon.Itisusedtoorganizethingswhichsharecertainqualities.Itspurposeistogroupthesethingssystematically.,Classification&Division,ClassificationItemphasizesthesimilarities.Itdealswiththeparts.,DivisionItstressesthedistinctionbetweenthings.Itdealswiththewhole.,Differences,Divisiontodealwithonething;toseparatethewholeintoparts.Emphasizedistinctionsordifferences根据座位朝向,整个班级分成Classificationtoorganizethingsthatsharecertainqualities;togroupthingssystematically.Emphasizesimilarities大家包里所有的东西可以分成几类Closelyrelated,Lookatthefollowingstatements,anddecidewhethereachoneisorisnotanexampleofclassification.,1Chairsfallintofourcategories:
dining-roomchairs,kitchenchairs,living-roomchairs,andlawnchairs.2RestaurantsfallintothecategoriesofMcDonalds,KFC,PizzaHut.,1Chairsfallintofourcategories:
dining-roomchairs,kitchenchairs,living-roomchairs,andlawnchairs.2RestaurantsfallintothecategoriesofMcDonalds,KFC,PizzaHut.,Romance,Classification(归类法),Inclassificationwearetakingmanyitemsanddividingthemintoafewgroups.,Chairsfallintofourcategoriesaccordingtotheirphysicaldesign:
rockingchairs,foldingchairs,armchairs,andstraightchairs.Wecanclassifycontainersintofourgroupsaccordingtothematerialthattheyaremadeof:
glasscontainers,metalcontainers,plasticcontainers,andpapercontainers.Theteachersinthiscollegecanbeclassifiedaccordingtothewaytheydress:
thosewhodressformally,thosewhodresssemiformally,andthosewhodresscasually.Therearebasicallythreetypesofbusdrivers:
friendly,indifferent,andmean,Division(分类法),Orchestra管弦乐队,Strings弦乐器,Woodwinds笛子类乐器,Brass铜管乐器,Percussion打击乐器,Indivisionwearetakingonething/itemanddividingintoitscomponentparts,Sample,InmyexperienceIfindthatstudyingcanbedividedintothreephasesnomatterwhatisbeingstudied.Inthefirstphase,youareveryinterestedinthenewsubject.Youarewillingtostudyandeverythingaboutthesubjectisappealingandmysterious.Butafterexploringthesubjectforaconsiderableamountoftime,thesecondphasecomesalong.Thesubjectyouhavebeenlearningseemsalittleboring,andsometimesyouhavetheideatogiveup.,Asdifficultiesappear,ifyoucanhandlethemitwillbeexciting,butmostofthetimeyouconfrontfailure;itisdisappointingandupsetting,andyoumaythinkthereisnohopeinstudyingthissubject.Ifyoureallydogiveup,everythingisover.Butifyoucanholdon,thesituationwillchange.Inthethirdphase,youhavegainedathoroughunderstandingofthesubject,andyoucanfindagenuineinterestinit.Nowyoulikethesubjectnotbecauseofyourimpulse,butbecauseoftherealvalueofit.,PrinciplesofClassificationandDivision,1Chooseanappropriateprincipleofclassificationanddivisionsuitedtoyourpurpose.(按写作的的目的选择如何分类还是归类)Afteryoudecideonasubject,chooseabasisfordivision.,Applyyourprincipleconsistentlyandthoroughly.(任何方法都要前后一致)e.g.TodiscussOldEnglishMiddleEnglish,ModernEnglishContemporaryEnglish,3Makeyourclassificationlogicallydistinctfromeachother,avoidingoverlapping.(归类法时,要注意按照一定的标准和范围,分成若干点,避免重复。
)e.g.Todiscuss“Teachingmethods”1lecture2discussion3questionandanswer(overlapping),TheIntroduction,ToselectasubjectthatcanbedividedintocategoriesTotellhowmanycategoriesaregoingtobeclassifiedandtostatethespecificareasThemethodofclassificationisusuallyincludedinthethesisstatement.,Thebody,Thediscussionandexplanationofeachoftheclasses,groups,orcategories.AppropriatetoyourpurposeConsistentresultingsubgroupsarebasedonthesameprincipleExclusiveresultingsubgroupsdonotoverlapCompletenoimportantsubgroupsareomitted,Theconclusion,Itconsistsofaconcludingsentencethatrestatesorreinforcesthecontrollingideapresentedinthethesisstatement.Itconcludesthewholeessayinsteadofonepartoftheessay.,Languageinclassification,BriefandclearComestraighttothepointatthebeginningoftheclassificationFallinto,divideinto,classifyinto,bedividedinto,beclassifiedinto,bedivisibleinto,beclassifiableinto,Exercise,Practice:
Lookatthefollowingoutlines,anddeterminewhethertheyareappropriatelyclassified,1.Subject:
moviesDivision:
actioncomedyromancehorrorComment:
notcomplete,More:
tragedy,sciencefiction,etc,2.Subject:
friendsDivision:
newfriendsoldfriendslife-longfriendsfemalefriendsComment:
femaleoverlapswithothers,shouldbeexclusive,3.Subject:
newspapersDivision:
wrappinggarbagemakingpaperplanesreadingeditorialComment:
noclearprinciple,thereshouldbeonlyone,(e.g.theuseofnewspapers),4.Subject:
collegeclassesDivision:
enjoytoleratemorningdislikeComment:
noclearprinciple,(dividedaccordingtostudentsattitudestothem),Pointouterrorsindivisionandclassificationandthenwriteimprovedversions1MusiccanbedividedintoChineseandWesternmusicorintothatofpiano,violinandfolksongs.,(over-lappingofcategories)ImprovedversionMusiccanbedividedintoEasternmusicandWesternmusic.,2InthisessayImgoingtoshowhowimportantEnglishistoournaturalscience-mathematics,physicsandchemistry.,(notthoroughclassification)ImprovedversionInthisessay,IamgoingtoshowhowimportantEnglishistoournaturalsciences-mathematics,physics,chemistry,andbiography,agriculture,etc.,3Inthepasttwoyearsouruniversityhasadmittedmanyforeignstudents:
Africanstudents,Britishstudents.Americanstudents,Egyptianstudents.Arabstudents,andJapanesestudents.,(over-lappingofcategories)ImprovedversionInthepasttwoyearsouruniversityhasadmittedmanyforeignstudents.Africanstudents,Asianstudents,Americanstudents,andEuropeanstudents,Practice:
Completethefollowingoutlinesforparagraphsofclassification.Keepinmindtheprinciplesofclassification1)Topic:
popularteachersTopicsentence:
Thepopularteacherscanbedividedintotypes,1)Topic:
popularteachersTopicsentence:
ThepopularteacherscanbedividedintotypesDivision:
KnowledgeableHumorousgood-lookinggood-tempered,2)Topic:
RolesofyoungmarriedwomeninsocietyTopicsentence:
Therolesofyoungmarriedwomenintodayssocietyfallintothreedifferentcategories.Division:
2)Topic:
RolesofyoungmarriedwomeninsocietyTopicsentence:
Therolesofyoungmarriedwomenintodayssocietyfallintothreedifferentcategories.Division:
theroleofwifetherolesofmothertheroleofself,3)Topic:
sportsTopicsentence:
Accordingtothenumberofpeopletakingpartinsports,sportscanbedividedintothreegroups.Division:
3)Topic:
sportsTopicsentence:
Accordingtothenumberofpeopletakingpartinsports,sportscanbedividedintothreegroups.Division:
singlepersonsportsdouble-playersportsgroup-sports,Writeaparagraphofclassificationonthetopic:
ThreeTypesofParentsThebeginningparagraphisprovided.Allparentsintheworldlovetheirchildrenwholeheartedly.ParentsinChinscanfallintothreecategoriesbasedontheirattitudetotheonlychildinthefamily.Firstisthesatisfying-meetallunreasonabledemandsSecondistheauthoritative-rightallthetime,obeyThirdarefiendlikeparents-befriends,ThreeTypesofParentsAllparentsintheworldlovetheirchildrenwholeheartedly.ParentsinChinacanfallintothreecategoriesbasedontheirattitudetotheonlychildinthefamily.Firstisthesatisfying.Theymakeeveryefforttomeetall,evenunreasonabledemandsmadebythechild.Theywillprovidethebestlivingconditionsfortheirchild.Secondistheauthoritative.Theseparentsthinktheyarerightallthetime,sotheywantthechildtoobey.Thechildshouldalwaysbereadytodowhattheywanthimtodo.Thirdarefiendlikeparents.Theywanttobeandarethechildsfriendsandwilldiscussthingswiththechild.Thereisnogenerationgapbetweentheparentsandthechild.So,whichkindofparentsdoyouhave?
Homework:
Writeaparagraphofclassificationonthetopic:
SportsTopicsentence:
Accordingtothenumberofpeopletakingpartinsports,sportscanbedividedintothreegroups.Division:
(singlepersonsports,double-playersports,group-sports),Sentencewriting,Useonesentencetodescribethefollowingpictures.,Afamilymansdutydoesnotendwhenheleavestheofficetakingchildrenforanoutingoraccompanyingthewifeforshoppingplaces,ademandnolessthanthatofofficework.,Todayscollegeplaysamulti-functionalway:
professiontrainer,intelligencepromoter,knowledgeprovider,lifeentertainerandago-between.,Schoolholidaymeanstheendofschooleducation,andalsostandsforthebeginningofout-of-schooleducationtherearevarioussubjectswaitingforkidsintheholiday:
piano,calligraphy,computer,literatureandpainting.,Togetafreeticketfortheconcert,somefanswilltryeverymeanstoreachthegoal,standinginthelinedayandnight.,Generationgapalsoappearsinshoppingbehaviorstheoldergenerationismoreconcernedwiththepriceoftheproductwhiletheyoungergenerationismoreinterestedinbrands.,Studentsinourschoolfallintothreegroupsaccordingtotheirdifferentintentionsoftakingpartinsports.Manystudentsgototheplaygroundwhentheyfeeltiredafterafewhoursofstudy.Thesestudentsputmuchmoreemphasisontheirstudyefficiencythanonthefunofsports.Theyjustwanttogobacktotheirclassroomsfromtheplaygroundwithcleareradquickermind.Thustheydontactuallycarewhethertheycanenjoythemselvesonthesportsgroundornot.Studentsthatmakeupthesecondgrouparerealsportslovers.Sometimestheyevenputasidetheirstudyforagame.Theytakepartinthesportthatintereststhemmost,nocaring
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- 关 键 词:
- Development by Classification
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