定语从句关系代词和关系副词的知识和练习.docx
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定语从句关系代词和关系副词的知识和练习.docx
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定语从句关系代词和关系副词的知识和练习
一、定语:
修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。
汉语中常用“……的〞表示。
定语主要由形容词担任,此外名词、代词、数词、副词、介词短语以及动词不定式〔短语〕、分词也可以做定语。
abeautifulcity;abagfullofmoney.
注意:
汉语的定语无论多长都放在被修饰词的前面,而英语中的定语那么不然,假设是一个词时,放在被修饰词的前面,假设是两个以上的词组、短语或从句那么放在被修饰词的后面,
thirtywomenteachers;hisfather;thegirlinred;theboyfromAmerica
Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirststudenttoentertheclassroom.
fallingleaves;fallenleaves;theboyplayingbasketball;thebookboughtbymymother;areadingroom;aswimmingpool
Heisthemanwhoyouarelookingfor.
二:
定义及相关术语
1.定语从句:
修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。
2.先行词:
被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
3.关系词:
引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等;关系副词有when,where,why.
1.Ihaveanapple.Anappleisred.
Ihaveanapplethat/whichisred.
↑↑
先行词关系代词
2.Ilikesomefriends.Somefriendslikesports.
Ilikefriendswholikesports.
↑↑
先行词关系代词
3.Ilikemusic.Themusicisquiet.
Ilikemusicthat/whichisquiet.
↑↑
先行词关系代词
关系词通常有以下三个作用:
A、引导定语从句,连接主从句;B、代替先行词;C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。
〔一〕关系代词引导的定语从句
1.who指人,在定语从句中做主语。
TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.
Thosewhowanttogotothemuseummustbeattheschoolgateat7tomorrowmorning.
YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwhohadlosthisway.
Thatistheteacherwhoteachesusphysics.
2.whom指人,在定语从句中做宾语,常可省略。
Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedaboutonthebus.
LiMingisjusttheboy(whom)Iwanttosee.
Theprofessor(whom)youarewaitingforhascome.
Thegirl(whom)theteacheroftenpraisesisourmonitor.
注意:
关系代词whom在口语或非正式文体中常可用who来代替,也可省略。
Theman(whom/who)youmetjustnowismyoldfriend.
3.which指物,在定语从句中做主语或宾语,做宾语时常可省略。
Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.
Helikestoreadbookswhicharewrittenbyforeignwriters.
Thehousewhichisbythelakelooksnice.
Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.
Thefilm(which)theywenttoseelastnightwasnotinterestingatall.。
4.That既可指人,也可指物。
在定语从句中做主语或宾语,作宾语时常可省略。
Thenumberofpeoplethat/whocometovisitthiscityeachyearreachesonemillion.
Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?
Thepersonthat/whomyouintroducedtomeisverykind.
Theseasonthat/whichcomesafterspringissummer.
YesterdayIreceivedaletterthat/whichcamefromAustralia.
5.whose既可指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语。
Ivisitedascientistwhosenameisknownalloverthecountry.
Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.
Ioncelivedinthehousewhoseroofhasfallenin.
注意:
指物时,常用以下构造来代替:
Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.
Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.
Doyoulikethebookwhosecoverisyellow?
Doyoulikethebookthecoverofwhichisyellow?
〔二〕限制性定语从句中只能用that引导定语从句的情况
1.领先行词是everything,anything,nothing(something除外),all,none,few,little,some等不定代词时,或领先行词受every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等不定代词修饰时。
如:
HaveyoutakendowneverythingthatMr.Lisaid?
Thereseemstobenothingthatisimpossibletohimintheworld.
Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.。
ThereislittlethatIcandoforyou.
Hestayedinthelibraryandlookedupanyinformationthattheyneeded.
注意:
领先行词指人时,偶然也可用关系代词who,如:
Anymanthat/whohasasenseofdutywon’tdosuchathing.
Allthegueststhat/whowereinvitedtoherweddingwereimportantpeople.
2.领先行词被序数词修饰时。
如:
ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.
3.领先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。
如:
ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.
4.领先行词被thevery,theonly修饰时。
如:
ThisistheverydictionarythatIwanttobuy.
Afterthefireinhishouse,theoldcaristheonlythingthatheowns.
注意:
领先行词指人时,偶然也可用关系代词who。
如:
WangHuaistheonlypersoninourschoolwhowillattendthemeeting.
5.领先行词前面有who,which等疑问代词时。
如:
Whoisthemanthatisstandingbythegate?
WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?
6.领先行词为人与物时。
如:
Theytalkedaboutthepersonsandthingsthattheyrememberedatschool.
〔三〕关系副词引导的定语从句
1.when指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。
领先行词是表时间的名词,比方time,day,week,month,year等;且定语从句中缺少时间状语时用when.假设先行词是表时间的名词,定语从句中缺主语或宾语时,用that/which引导。
IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametothisschool.
Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallyarrived.
Doyouremembertheyearswhenhelivedinthecountrysidewithhisgrandparents?
Doyourememberthedays〔that/which〕wespenttogetherlastyear?
Iwillneverforgetthedayswhenwespentourholidaystogether.
Iwillneverforgetthedaysthat/whichwespenttogether.
2.where指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。
假设先行词是表地点的名词,比方park,city,farm,place等;且定语从句中缺地点状语时用where.假设先行词是表地点的名词,定语从句中缺主语或宾语时,用that/which引导。
ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.上海是我出生的城市。
ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.
Ivisitedthefarmwherealotofcowswereraised.
Shanghaiisthecity(which/that)Iwanttovisit.
Iknowaplacewherewecanhaveapicnic.
Iknowaplacewhich/thatisfamousforitsbeautifulnaturalscenery
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