英语四六级阅读理解训练题110.docx
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英语四六级阅读理解训练题110.docx
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英语四六级阅读理解训练题110
一InformingtheWorld
Everyday,thenewsoftheworldisrelayedtopeoplebyover300millioncopiesofdailypapers,over400millionradiosets,andover150milliontelevisionsets.Additionalnewsisshownbymotionpictures,intheatresandcinemasallovertheworld.Asmorepeoplelearnwhattheimportanteventsofthedayare,fewerarestillconcernedexclusivelywiththeeventsoftheirownhousehold.AstheEnglishwriterJohnDonneputitnearlyfourhundredyearsago,"nomanisanisland."ThisideaismoreappropriatetodaythanitwaswhenDonnelived.Inshort,whereverhelives,amanbelongstosomesociety;andwearebecomingmoreandmoreawarethatwhateverhappensinoneparticularsocietyaffects,somehow,thelifeanddestinyofallhumanity.
Newspapershavebeenpublishedinthemodernworldforaboutfourhundredyears.MostofthenewspapersprintedtodayarereadinEuropeandNorthAmerica.However,soontheymaybereadinallpartsoftheworld,thankstothenewinventionsthatarechangingthetechniquesofnewspaperpublishing.
Electronicsandautomationhavemadeitpossibletoproducepicturesandtextfarmorequicklythanbefore.Photographicreproductioneliminatestheneedfortypeandprintingpresses.Andfewerspecialists,suchastype-setters,areneededtoproduceapaperormagazinebythephoto-offset(照相平板胶印)method.Therefore,thepublishingofnewspapersandmagazinesbecomesmoreeconomical.Furthermore,photo-copiescanbesentovergreatdistancesnowbymeansoftelevisionchannelsandsatellitessuchasTelstar.Thus,picturescanbebroughttothepublicmorequicklythanpreviously.
Machinesthatprepareprintedtextsforphoto-copiesarebeingusedagreatdealtoday.Thousandsoflettersandfiguresofdifferentsizesandthicknessescannowbearrangedonablackglassdiscthatisonlyeightinchesindiameter,tobeprintedinnegativeform(whiteonablackbackground).Thedisconthemachineturnsconstantlyattherateoftenrevolutionsasecond.Abeamoflightfromaslroboscopic(频闪的)lampshinesonthedesiredlettersandfiguresforaboutIwo-millionthsofasecond.Thentheimageofthelettersandfiguresthatwereilluminatedisprojectedontoafilmthroughlenses.Thesectionoffilmislargeenoughtoholdtheequivalentofapageoftext.Thereisakeyboardinfrontofthemachinethatissimilartothekeyboardofatypewriter,andthemachineoperatorhasonlytostriketheproperkeysfortheimageofthecorrespondingletterstobeimmediatelytransferredtothefilm.Thenegativeimageonthefilmcanquicklybetransferredontopaper.Thismethodmakesitaseasytoreproducephotographsandillustrationsasitistoreproducethetextitself.
Film,beinglightandsmall,canbesentrapidlytootherplacesandusedtoprintcopiesofthetextwheretheyareneeded.Filmimagescanalsobeprojectedeasilyonamovieortelevisionscreen.Televisionbroadcastsarelimitedtoanareathatiswithinsightofthesendingstationoritsrelay(中继).Althoughtelevisionrelaysareoftenplacedonhillsandmountainssothattheycancoverawiderregion,theystillcannotcovermorelandthanonecouldseefromthesamehilltoponaclearday.However,theraysalsogooutintotheatmosphere,andifthereisarelaystationonasatellitethatrevolvesaroundtheearth,itcantransmitthepicturestoanypointontheearthfromwhichthesatelliteisvisible.Threesatellitespermanentlyrevolvingovertheequatortransmitanytelevisionprogramtoanypartoftheearth.Thismakesitpossibleforworldeditionsofnewspaperstogivethenewsinallcountriesatthesametime.Somedayitmaybepossibleforasubscribertoatelevisednewspapertopressabuttonandseeanewspaperpageonhistelevisionscreen.Hecouldalsodecidewhenhewantsthepagetoturn,and,bydiallingdifferentnumberssuchasthoseonatelephonedial,hecouldchoosethelanguageortheeditionofthepaperhewantstoread.Itseemsstrangetothinkthat,eventoday,methodsofthepastarenotentirelyuseless.Forexample,sometimespressagenciesthatuseradioandTelstarusecarrierpigeonstosendmessagesbetweenofficesinlargecitiesbecausethepigeonsarenotbotheredbytrafficproblems.
ItmaybesometimebeforetelevisionsetsbecomecommonintheaveragehomesinAfricaandAsia.However,radioisalreadyrapidlybecomingaccessibletothousandsofpeopleintheseareas.And,nowthatgoodradiosarebeingmadewithtransistors,andtheirpriceisgraduallydroppingbecauseofmassproduction,itmaynotbe"toolongbeforeradiosbecomecommonplaceinareaswhichhavenonewspapers.Transistorsmakeitpossibleforpeopletocarrysmallradioswherevertheygo,withoutneedofelectriccurrent.Eventelevisionsetsarenowoperatingontransistors,andthepocketTVmaysoonbeaswidespread
asthepocketradio.
Nowthatscientificprogressismakingitpossibletosendthenewstoallthe
inhabitantsoftheearth,itwillbeimportanttoconsiderwhatnewsisgoingtobesenttothem.Nomatterwhatcriteriaareusedinmakingthedecision,adecisionmustbemade,sincenoonewould'havetimetoreadorlistentoanaccountofeverythingthereisgoingonintheworld!
Peoplewhohavetimetoreadseveralpaperscanalreadycomparedifferentreportsofthesameevent.Whenaneventhaspoliticalsignificance,eachpaperreportsitfromthepointofviewofitsownpoliticalbeliefsorpreferences.Ideally,ofcourse,theexpressionofeditorialopinionshouldbelimitedtotheeditorialpage,and
thenewsarticlesshouldbeobjective—tellingthefactsascompletelyaspossible,withouttryingtogivethemaparticularinterpretation,orwithoutotherwisetryingtoinfluencethereader'sopinion.However,reportersandeditorsareonlyhuman,andiftheyhavestrongpoliticalbeliefsitisalmostimpossibleforthemtohidethem.Ifeditorsbelievetheirpointofviewisbestforthereadersoftheirpaper,what'stostopthemfromusingthepapertotrytoinfluencepublicopinion?
Andif,someday,aworldnewspaperbecomesareality,willitbethemostpowerfulpressagenciesthatwillchoosethenewstobesentouttoallcountries?
1.Theexpression"nomanisanisland"meansthatnomanlivessurroundedbywater.
2.Accordingtotheauthor,itmaynotbelongbeforepeopleallovertheworldhaveaccesstonewspapers.
3.Thetransferringofnewspapertextstofilmistime-consumingandcostly.
4.TransistorsareparticularlyusefulbecausetheyareusedinsmallradioandTVsets.
5.Televisionrelaysareoftenplacedonahilltopsothattheycanreachasatellite.
6.Peoplearecapableofknowingalltheeventsgoingonineverypartoftheworld.
7.Ifaworldnewspaperbecomesareality,itwilltakemoreresponsibilityforinformingallthereadersofthelatestnewsintheworld.
8.Newspapershavebeenpublishedforabout______.
9.Anytelevisionprogramcouldbetransmittedtoanypartoftheworldby______.
10.Itisidealthatthenewsarticles______.
二
Socialcustomsandwaysofbehavingchange.Thingswhichwereconsideredimpolitemanyyearsagoarenow11.Justafewyearsago,itwas12impolitebehaviorforamantosmokeonthestreet.Nomanwhothoughtofhimselfasbeingagentlemanwouldmakea13ofhimselfbysmokingwhenaladywasinaroom.
Customsalsodifferfromcountrytocountry.Doesamanwalkontheleftortherightofawomaninyourcountry?
Ordoesn'tit14?
Whatabouttablemanners?
Shouldyouusebothhandswhenyouareeating?
Shouldyouleaveoneinyourlap,oronthetable?
TheAmericansandtheBritishnotonlyspeakthesamelanguagebutalso15alargenumberofsocialcustoms.Forexample,inbothAmericaandEnglandpeopleshakehandswhentheymeeteachotherforthefirsttime.Also,mostEnglishmenwillopenadoorforawomanoroffertheirseattoawoman,andsowillmostAmericans.16isimportantbothinEnglandandinAmerica.Thatis,ifadinnerinvitationisfor7o'clock,thedinnerguesteitherarrives17tothattimeorcallsuptoexplainhis18
Theimportantthingtorememberaboutsocialcustomsisnottodoanythingthatmightmakeotherpeoplefeeluncomfortable—19iftheyareyourguests.Thereisanoldstoryaboutamanwhogaveaformaldinnerparty.Whenthefoodwasserved,oneoftheguestsstartedtoeathispeaswithaknife.Theotherguestswereamusedorshocked,butthe20calmlypickeduphisknife
andbeganeatinginthesameway.
A.especiallyB.attainableC.closeD.delay
E.consideredF.hostG.deliveryH.Preparation
I.shareJ.foolK.specificallyL.acceptable
M.matterN.Promptness0.care
三
Tounderstandwhysomeonebecomesanoptimistorapessimist,ithelpstounderstandwhatdistinguishesthem.Sayyoucrashyourcar.Doyouexpectgoodthingstohappenaftertheaccident—aneasyrecuperation(挽回损失),afatcheckfromyourinsurer?
Ordoyouworrythatyourneckwillhurtforever?
"Optimisticpeopletendtofeelthatbadthingswon'tlastlongandwon'taffectotherpartsoflife,".Seligmansays.Pessimiststendtobelieveonenegativeincidentwilllastandundermineeverythingelseintheirlives.
Alsoimportant,researcherssay,isthestoryyouconstructaboutwhythingshappen—yourexplanatorystyle.Optimistsbelievethatbadeventshavetemporarycauses—"Thebossisinabadmood."Pessimistsbelievethecauseispermanent—"Thebossisajerk."
Thissenseofcontroldistinguishesonetypefromtheother.Positivethinkersfeelpowerful.Negativethinkers,Seligmansays,feelhelplessbecausetheyhavelearnedtobelievethey'redoomed,nomatterwhat.Ayoungwifewho'stoldshe'sincapa
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