中考英语语法总复习材料和练习.docx
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中考英语语法总复习材料和练习.docx
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中考英语语法总复习材料和练习
一.名词
名词是表示人、地方、事物或抽象概念名称的词,可以说名词是万物之名称。
它们可以是:
专有名词:
表示人名、月份、日期、地名等。
如China,John,London,theUSA,Harbin.
1.名词个体名词:
表示单个的人或事物。
如boat,chair,desk,apple.可数名词
集体名词:
表示一群人或一些事物的总称。
如family,people,class,police.
普通名词
物质名词:
表示无法分为个体的物质。
如water,air,tea,sea,money,cotton.
抽象名词:
表示抽象概念的词。
如health,help,work,friendship.不可数名词
2.可数名词复数形式的构成
可数名词的复数形式通常是在单数形式后加-s或-es,现将其复数的一般构成方法及读音列表如下:
情况
构成方法
例词
读音
一般情况
在词尾加-s
desk→desks
map→maps
-s在请辅音后发[s]音
day→days
girl→girls
-s在元音私浊畏音后发[z]
以s,x,ch,sh结尾的词
在词尾加-es
bus→buses
box→boxes
watch→watches
es发[iz]音
以辅音字母加y结尾的词
变y为i再加-es
family→families
factory→factories
party→parties
-ies发[iz]音
以f或fe结尾的词
变f或fe为v再加-es
knife→knives
life→lives
wife→wives
half→halves
-ves发[vz]音
以o结尾的有生命的词
在词尾加-es
potato→potatoes
tomato→tomatoes
hero→heroes
-es发[z]音
以o结尾的无生命的词
在词尾加-s
radio→radios
zoo→zoos
-s发[z]音
英语中还有不少名词的复数形式是不规则的,必须把它们牢记在心。
如:
man→men,woman→women,Frenchman→Frenchmen,child→children,tooth→teeth,foot→feet,goose→geese,mouse→mice,sheep→sheep,deer→deer,fish→fish等。
3.名词的所有格
在英语中,有些名词的词尾可以加上’s,用来表示所有关系,这种结构称为名词的所有格。
单数名词在末尾加’s
theboy’sfather,Jack’sbook,herson-in-law’sphoto,
复数名词
一般在末尾加’
theteachers’room,thetwins’mother,
不规则复数名词后加’s
thechildren’stoys,women’srights,
以s结尾的人名所有格加’
Dickens’novels,Charles’job,theSmiths’house
表示各自的所有关系时,各名词末尾均须加’s
Japan’sandAmerica’sproblems,Jane’sandMary’sbikes
表示共有的所有关系时在最后一词末加’s
JapanandAmerica’sproblems,JaneandMary’sfather
表示"某人家""店铺",所有格后名词省略
thedoctor’s,thebarber’s,thetailor’s,myuncle’s
三、随堂监测A组
I.写出下列名词的复数形式:
1.house_________2.village___________3.map__________
4.orange_________5.bag___________6.exercise___________
7.brush__________8.family___________9.bus___________
10.city__________11.box___________12.baby__________
13.class__________14.factory_________15.glass__________
16.dictionary__________17.watch_________18.woman_________
19.match__________20.man_________21.wish__________
22.German__________23.tomato_________24.policeman___________
25.kilo__________26.human_________27.potato___________
28.Chinese__________29.shelf__________30.Japanese__________
31.leaf___________32.American__________33.life___________
34.tooth__________35.wife___________36.foot___________
37.knife__________38.sheep__________39.half___________
40.child__________
II.将下列词组译成英语:
1、一群孩子2、两箱子苹果
3、三篮子蔬菜4、九块面包
5、十杯牛奶6、五块肉
7、多种植物8、一副眼镜
9、两块冰10、三张纸
11、四瓶橘汁12、五杯茶
13、六碗米饭14、七袋米
15、八块木头16、九块豆腐
四、随堂监测B组
Ⅳ.选择填空:
1.Iwanttobuy________.
A.twobottlesofinkB.twobottleofinkC.twobottleofinksD.twobottlesofinks
2.Theydon’thavetodo_______today.
A.muchhomeworkB.manyhomeworksC.manyhomeworkD.muchhomeworks
3.The______ofmachinemadeusfeelsick.
A.voiceB.noiseC.soundD.noises
4.Excuseme,areyou______?
---Yes,I’mfrom________.
A.Japan,JapaneseB.China,ChineseC.England,EnglishD.American,America
5.Therearethree______andseven______inthepicture.
A.cows,sheepsB.cows,sheepC.cow,sheepD.cow,sheeps
6.June1is_______.
A.children’sdayB.children’sDayC.Children’sDayD.Children’sday
7.______roomisnexttotheirparents’.
A.Kate’sandJoan’sB.Kate’sandJoanC.KateandJoan’sD.KateandJoan
8.MissGreenisafriendof_______.
A.Mary’smother’sB.Mary’smotherC.Marymother’sD.mother’sofMary
9.Tomis______.Hewillcometoseeme.
A.myafriendB.afriendC.minefriendD.afriendofmine
10.Sheep_______whiteandmilk_______alsowhite.
A.is,areB.are,isC.is,isD.are,are
11.I’dliketohaveaglassofmilkand_______.
A.twobreadsB.twopiecesofbreads
C.twopiecesofbreadD.twopieceofbread
12.It’salong______toParis.It’stwothousandkilometers.
A.streetB.roadC.wayD.end
13.Many______aresingingoverthere.
A.womanB.womenC.girlD.child
14.Hebought_______.
A.twopairsofshoesB.twopairofshoesC.twopairsofshoeD.twopairofshoe
15.Mr.Whitehasthree_______.
A.childB.childrenC.childsD.childrens
16.Beijingisoneofthebiggest_______intheworld.
A.citysB.cityC.cityesD.cities
17.---Where’sMr.White?
---He’sin_______.
A.theroom202B.Room202C.theRoom202D.room202
18.Shops,hospitalsandschoolsareall_______.
A.placesB.homesC.roomsD.buildings
19.EverymorningMr.Smithtakesa_______tohisoffice.
A.20minutes’walksB.20minute’swalkC.20-minuteswalkD.20-minutewalk
20.---Arethese______?
---No,theyaren’t.They’re_______.
A.sheep,cowsB.sheep,cowC.sheeps,cowD.sheeps,cows
21.Therearemany______inthefridge.
A.fishB.fruitC.eggsD.bread
22.---Whoseroomisthis?
---It’s_______.
A.LiMingB.LiMing’sC.LiMingsD.LiMings’
23.Hereare______foryou,Sue.
A.potatosB.somepotatoesC.threetomatosD.sometomato
24.Herearesomebirthdaycardswithourbest______forher.
A.wishB.hopeC.wishesD.hopes
25.Ialwaysgotothat______tobuyfoodonSunday.
A.shopB.parkC.zooD.garden
26.What’stheChinesefor“PRC”?
A.中国人民解放军B.中华人民共和国C.联合国D.中国共产党
27.SamgaveAnnsome_______tolookafterPollywhilehewasaway.
A.picture-booksB.inventionsC.instructionsD.messages
28.---WhichofthefollowinganimalslivesonlyinChina?
---The________.
A.monkeyB.elephantC.pandaD.cat
29.______roomisonthe5thfloor.
A.LucyandLilyB.LucyandLily’sC.Lucy’sandLilyD.Lucy’sandLily’s
30.Thethirdmonthoftheyearis_______.
A.MarchB.JanuaryC.FebruaryD.April
31.Mum,I’mquitethirsty.Pleasegiveme________.
A.twoorangeB.twobottleoforangesC.twobottlesoforangeD.twobottlesoforanges
32.It’sverycoldtoday.Whydon’tyouputonyour______?
A.watchB.shirtC.sweaterD.glasses
33.Imetsome______intheparkandtalkedwiththemtheotherday.
A.JanpanesesB.AmericanC.ChinesesD.English
34._______isthebesttimeforplantingtrees.
A.SummerB.WinterC.SpringD.Autumn
35.Tomwasbadlyhurtinthematch.Theycarriedhimtothe______asquicklyaspossible.
A.bankB.postofficeC.shopD.hospital
36.Therearetwo______intheroom.
A.shelfB.shelfsC.shelfesD.shelves..Thereareseven______inaweek.
A.yearsB.monthsC.daysD.minutes
38.Myfatherisa______.Heworksinahospital.
A.teacherB.doctorC.farmerD.writer
V.各地中考题选编:
1.---WhereisTom?
---He’slefta______sayingthathehassomethingimportanttodo.
A.excuseB.messageC.exerciseD.news
2.Thereisno______inthebussowehavetowaitforanotherbus.
A.roomB.aroomC.roomsD.seats
3.---Wouldyoulikesome______?
---Oh,yes.Justalittle.
A.pearsB.orangesC.sugarD.apples
4.YoucanfindthefollowingINSTRUCTIONSon_______.KEEPINACOLDPLACE
A.foodB.moneyC.clothesD.books
5.Mr.Greenhaslivedinthe_____hotelsincehecametoChina.
A.five-starB.five-starsC.fivestar’sD.fivestars
6.ShewasborninWuhan,butBeijinghasbecomehersecond_______.
A.homeB.familyC.houseD.place
7.---What’sthe_____today?
---It’sJune26.
A.dayB.dateC.timeD.hour
8.Englishisspokenasafirstlanguagein______.
A.theUSAB.IndiaC.JapanD.China
9.______comesfromcows.
A.WoolB.ChickenC.PorkD.Milk
10.Whichofthefollowingdoespaperburnin?
A.
B.
C.
D.
11.Letthechildrengoaway.They’remakingtoomuch______here.
A.noiseB.voiceC.noisyD.sounds
12.______comesfromsheepandsomepeoplelikeeatingit.
A.WoolB.PorkC.MuttonD.Milk
13.---Oh,thereisn’tenough______forusinthelift.
---Itdoesn’tmatter,let’swaitforthenext.
A.groundB.floorC.placeD.room
14._______isthebiggestcityinChina.
A.BeijingB.ShanghaiC.GuangzhouD.Kunming
15.TheEnglishmanStephenson(史蒂芬孙),invented_______.
A.theshipB.thecarC.theplaneD.thetrain
二.冠词
冠词分为不定冠词(a,an),定冠词(the),和零冠词。
I.不定冠词的用法:
1
表示数量,有“一”的意思,但数的概念没有one强烈(一般译为“一”)
Ithasaroundface.
2
指一类人或事,相当于akindof
Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.Myfatherisadriver.
3
表示“每一”相当于every,one
Westudyeighthoursaday.Takethemedicinethreetimesaday.
4
用于固定词组中
abit,inahurry,haveawalk,haveagoodtime,afterawhile
5
a用在辅音音素开头的词前
abookausefulbooka“u”
[ju:
sful][ju:
]
an用于元音开头的词前.
anhouran“F”anhonestman
[au
][ef]
II.定冠词的用法:
1
特指某(些)人或某(些)事物
Givemethebook.Thebookonthedeskismine.
2
指谈话双方都知道的人或事物
Whereisthedoctor?
Wouldyoumindopeningthedoor?
3
再次提到上文提到过的人或事物
Iboughtadictionaryyesterday.Thedictionaryisathome.
4
用在世界上独一无二的事物
Theearthisbiggerthanthemoon,butsmallerthanthesun.
5
用在序数词和形容词最高级前
Ofallthestarsthesunisthenearesttotheearth.
6
用在某些形容词之前,表示某一类人或事物。
Thenurseiskindtothesick.theold,
theyoung,thepoor,thehappy
7
在江、河、湖、海、群岛、山脉的名称前
theChangjiangRiver,theWestLake
8
在姓氏的复数名词前,表示夫妇二人或全家人
TheGreensaresittingatthebreakfasttable.
9
用于方位名词,身体部位名词,及表示时间的词组前
inthewest,ontheright,inthemorning
III.零冠词的用法:
1
专有名词,物质名词,抽象名词,人名地名等名词前
BeijingUniversity,Jack,China,love,air
2
名词前有this,my,whose,some,no,each,every等限制
Iwantthisbook,notthatone.
Whos
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