中国科学院大学英语博士研究生考试试题及答案样题.docx
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中国科学院大学英语博士研究生考试试题及答案样题.docx
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中国科学院大学英语博士研究生考试试题及答案样题
2021年中国科学院大学英语博士研究生考试试题 〔样题〕
SAMPLE TEST
UNIVERSITY OF CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES ENGLISH ENTRANCE EXAMINATION FOR
DOCTORAL CANDIDATES PAPER ONE
PART I VOCABULARY (15 minutes, 10 points, 0.5 point each)
Directions:
Choose the word or expression below each sentence that best completes the statement, and mark the corresponding letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.
1. Ten years ago, a house with a decent bathroom was a __________ symbol among university professors.
A. post B. status C. position D. place
2. It would be far better if collectors could be persuaded to spend their time and money in support of ___________ archaeological research.
A. legible B. legitimate C. legislative D. illicit
3. We seek a society that has at its __________ a respect for the dignity and worth of the individual. A. end B. hand C. core D. best
4. A variety of problems have greatly _________the country’s normal educational development.
A. impeded B. imparted C. implored D. implemented
5. A good education is an asset you can ________for the rest of your life.
A. spell out B. call upon C. fall over D. resort to
6. Oil can change a society more ____________ than anyone could ever have imagined.
A. grossly B. severely C. rapidly D. drastically
7. Beneath its myriad rules, the fundamental purpose of ___________ is to make the world a pleasanter place to live in, and you a more pleasant person to live with.
A. elitism B. eloquence C. eminence D. etiquette
8. The New Testament was not only written in the Greek language, but ideas derived from Greek philosophy were _____________ in many parts of it.
A. altered B. CriticizedC.incorporatedD.translated
9.NobodywilleverknowtheagonyIgo__________waitingforhimtocomehome.
A.overB.withC.downD.through
10.Whileacountry’seconomyisbecomingthemostpromisingintheworld,itspeopleshouldbemore____________abouttheirqualityoflife.
A.discriminatingB.distributingC.disagreeingD.disclosing
11.Cheatedbytwoboyswhomhehadtruston,Josephpromisedto____________them.
A.findfaultwithB.makethemostofC.lookdownuponD.getevenwith
12.TheMinister’s_________answerlettoanoutcryfromtheOpposition.
A.impressiveB.evasiveC.intensiveD.exhaustive
13.Inproportionasthe____________betweenclasseswithinthenationdisappearsthehostilityofonenationtoanotherwillcometoanend.
A.intoleranceB.pessimismC.injusticeD.antagonism
14.Everyonedoestheirownthing,tothepointwhereafifth-gradeteachercan’t__________onafourth-gradeteacherhavingtaughtcertainthings.
A.countB.insistC.fallD.dwell
15.Whenthefirebrokeoutinthebuilding,thepeoplelosttheir__________andranintotheelevator.A.heartsB.tempersC.headsD.senses
16.Consumersdeprivedoftheinformationandadvicetheyneededwerequitesimply___________everycheatinthemarketplace.
A.atthemercyofB.inlieuofC.bycourtesyofD.forthepriceof
17.Infactthepurchasingpowerofasingleperson’spensioninHongKongwasonly70percentofthevalueofthe_________Singaporepension.
A.equivalentB.similarC.consistentD.identical
18.Hebecameawarethathehadlosthisaudiencesincehehadnotbeenabletotalk____________.
A.honestlyB.graciouslyC.coherentlyD.flexibly
19.Thenovel,whichisaworkofart,existsnotbyits_____________life,butbyitsimmeasurabledifferencefromlife.
A.significanceinB.imaginationatC.resemblancetoD.predominanceover
20.Shewasartfulandcouldalways____________herparentsintheend.A.shoutdownB.getroundC.complywithD.passover
PARTIICLOZETEST(15minutes,15points)Directions:
Foreachblankinthefollowingpassage,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesgivenintheoppositecolumn.MarkthecorrespondingletterofyourchoicewithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketsonyourMachine-scoringAnswerSheet.Weareenteringaperiodinwhichrapidpopulationgrowth,thepresenceofdeadlyweapons,anddwindlingresourceswillbringinternationaltensionstodangerouslevelsforanextendedperiod.Indeed,21seemsnoreasonfortheselevelsofdangertosubsideunlesspopulationequilibriumis22andsomeroughmeasureoffairnessreachedinthedistributionofwealthamongnations.23ofadequatemagnitudeimplyawillingnesstoredistributeincomeinternationallyonamoregenerous24thantheadvancednationshaveevidencedwithintheirowndomains.Therequiredincreasesin25inthebackwardregionswouldnecessitategiganticapplicationsofenergymerelytoextractthe26resources.Itisuncertainwhethertherequisiteenergy-producingtechnologyexists,andmoreserious,27thatitsapplicationwouldbringustothethresholdofanirreversiblechangeinclimate28aconsequenceoftheenormousadditionofmanmadeheattotheatmosphere.Itisthis29problemthatposesthemostdemandinganddifficultofthechallenges.Theexisting30ofindustrialgrowth,withnoallowanceforincreasedindustrializationtorepairglobalpoverty,hold31theriskofenteringthedangerzoneofclimaticchangeinas32asthreeorfourgenerations.Ifthetrajectoryisinfactpursued,industrialgrowthwill33havetocometoanimmediatehalt,foranothergenerationortwoalongthat34wouldliterallyconsumehuman,perhapsalllife.Theterrifyingoutcomecanbepostponedonlytotheextentthatthewastageofheatcanbereduced,35thattechnologiesthatdonotaddtotheatmosphericheatburden—forexample,theuseofsolarenergy—canbeutilized.(1996)
21.A.oneB.itC.thisD.there
22.A.achievedB.succeededC.producedD.Executed
23.A.TransfersB.TransactionsC.TransportsD.Transcripts
24.A.extentB.scaleC.measureD.range
25.A.outgrowthB.outcropC.outputD.outcome
26.A.neededB.needyC.needlessD.needing
27.A.possibleB.possiblyC.probableD.probably
28.A.inB.withC.asD.to
29.A.leastB.lateC.latestD.last
30.A.raceB.paceC.faceD.lace
31.A.onB.upC.downD.out
32.A.lessB.fewerC.manyD.little
33.A.ratherB.hardlyC.thenD.yet
34.A.lineB.moveC.driveD.track
35.A.ifB.orC.whileD.as
PARTIIIREADINGCOMPREHENSION
SectionA(60minutes,30points)Directions:
Beloweachofthefollowingpassagesyouwillfindsomequestionsorincompletestatements.EachquestionorstatementisfollowedbyfourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.Readeachpassagecarefully,andthenselectthechoicethatbestanswersthequestionorcompletesthestatement.MarktheletterofyourchoicewithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketsonyourMachine-scoringAnswerSheet.
Passage1
Thewritingofahistoricalsynthesisinvolvesintegratingthematerialsavailabletothehistorianintoacomprehensiblewhole.Theprobleminwritingahistoricalsynthesisishowtofindapatternin,orimposeapatternupon,thedetailedinformationthathasalreadybeenusedtoexplainthecausesforahistoricalevent.
Asynthesisseekscommonelementsinwhichtointerpretthecontingentpartsofahistoricalevent.Theinitialstep,therefore,inwritingahistoricalsynthesis,istoputtheeventtobesynthesizedinaproperhistoricalperspective,sothatthecommonelementsorstrandsmakinguptheeventcanbedetermined.Thiscanbeaccomplishedbyanalyzingthehistoricaleventaspartofageneraltrendorcontinuuminhistory.Thecommonelementsthatarefamiliartotheeventwillbecometheideologicalframeworkinwhichthehistorianseekstosynthesize.Thisisnottosaythatanyfactorwillnothaveagreaterrelativevalueinthehistorian’shandlingoftheinterrelatedwhenviewedinabroadhistoricalperspective.Thehistorian,insynthesizing,mustdeterminetheextenttowhichtheexistinghypotheseshavesimilartrends.Ageneraltrendline,onceestablished,willenablethesesimilartrendstobecorrelatedandparalleledwithintheconceptualframeworkofacommonbase.Asynthesisfurtherseekstodetermine,fromexistinghypotheses,whyanoutcometookthedirectionitdid;thus,itnecessitatesreconstructingthespiritofthetimesinordertoassimilatethepolitical,social,psychological,etc.,factorswithinacommonbase.Assuch,thesynthesisbecomesthelogicalconstructininterpretingthecommongroundbetweenanoriginalexplanationofanoutcome(thesis)andthereinterpretationoftheoutcomealongdifferentlines(antithesis).Therefore,thesynthesisnecessitatestheintegrationofthematerialsavailableintoacomprehensiblewholewhichwillinturnprovideanewhistoricalperspectivefortheeventbeingsynthesized.
36.Theauthorwouldmostlybeconcernedwith_____________.
A.findingthemostimportantcauseforaparticularhistoricalevent
B.determiningwhenhypothesesneedtobereinterpreted
C.imposingapatternuponvaryinginterpretationsforthecausesofaparticularhistoricaleventD.attributingmanyconditionsthattogetherleadtoaparticularhistoricaleventortosinglemotive
37.Themostimportantpreliminarystepinwritingahistoricalsynthesiswouldbe____________.A.toaccumulatesufficientreferencematerialtoexplainanevent
B.analyzingthehistoricaleventtodetermineifa“singlethemetheory〞applestotheevent
C.determiningthecommonstrandsthatmakeupahistoricalevent
D.interpretinghistoricalfactorstodetermineifone
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