河北省晋州市高考英语阅读理解含语法填空练习4 2.docx
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河北省晋州市高考英语阅读理解含语法填空练习4 2.docx
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河北省晋州市高考英语阅读理解含语法填空练习42
河北省晋州市2016高考英语阅读理解含语法填空练习(4)
【阅读理解】
Gettingridofdirt,intheopinionofmostpeople,isagoodthing.However,thereisnothingfixedaboutattitudestodirt.
Intheearly16thcentury,peoplethoughtthatdirtontheskinwasameanstoblockoutdisease,asmedicalopinionhaditthatwashingoffdirtwithhotwatercouldopenuptheskinandletillsin.Aparticulardangerwasthoughttolieinpublicbaths.By1538,theFrenchkinghadclosedthebathhousesinhiskingdom.SodidthekingofEnglandin1546.ThusbeganalongtimewhentherichandthepoorinEuropelivedwithdirtinafriendlyway.HenryIV,KingofFrance,wasfamouslydirty.Uponlearningthatanoblemanhadtakenabath,thekingorderedthat,toavoidtheattackofdisease,thenoblemanshouldnotgoout.
Thoughthebeliefinthemeritofdirtwaslong-lived,dirthasnolongerbeenregardedasaniceneighboreversincethe18thcentury.Scientificallyspeaking,cleaningawaydirtisgoodtohealth.Cleanwatersupplyandhandwashingarepracticalmeansofpreventingdisease.Yet,itseemsthatstandardsofcleanlinesshavemovedbeyondsciencesinceWorldWarⅡ.Advertisementsrepeatedlyselltheidea:
clothesneedtobewhiterthanwhite,clothseversofter,surfacestoshine.Hasthehatefordirt,however,gonetoofar?
Attitudestodirtstilldifferhugelynowadays.Manyfirst-timeparentsnervouslytrytowarntheirchildrenofftouchingdirt,whichmightberesponsibleforthespreadofdisease.Onthecontrary,MaryRuebush,anAmericanimmunologist(免疫学家),encourageschildrentoplayinthedirttobuildupastrongimmunesystem.Andthelatterpositionisgainingsomeground.
1.ThekingsofFranceandEnglandinthe16thcenturyclosedbathhousesbecause.
A.theylivedhealthilyinadirtyenvironment.
B.theythoughtbathhousesweretoodirtytostayin
C.theybelieveddiseasecouldbespreadinpublicbaths
D.theyconsideredbathingasthecauseofskindisease
2.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesHenryIV’sattitudetobathing?
A.Afraid.B.Curious.C.Approving.D.Uninterested.
3.Howdoesthepassagemainlydevelop?
A.Byprovidingexamples.B.Bymakingcomparisons.
C.Byfollowingtheorderoftime.D.Byfollowingtheorderofimportance.
4.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage?
A.Tostresstheroleofdirt.
B.Tointroducethehistoryofdirt.
C.Tocallattentiontothedangerofdirt.
D.Topresentthechangeofviewsondirt.
【参考答案】1—4、CACD
【四川省绵阳市2014高考英语一模试题】D
What'syourearliestchildhoodmemory?
Canyourememberthefirsttimeyouheardthunderorwatchedatelevisionprogram?
Adultsseldomrecalleventsmuchearlierthantheyearorsobeforeenteringschool,justaschildrenyoungerthanthreeorfourrarelyretainanymemoryofspecific,personalexperiences.
Avarietyofexplanationshavebeenproposedbypsychologistsforthis"childhoodamnesia"(记忆缺失,健忘).Onearguesthatthehippocampus,theregionofthebrainwhichisresponsibleforformingmemories,doesnotmature(成熟)untilabouttheageoftwo.Butthemostpopulartheorymaintains(主张)that,sinceadultsdonotthinklikechildren,theycannotaccesschildhoodmemories.Adultsthinkinwords,andtheirlifememoriesarelikestories.Butwhentheysearchthroughtheirmentalfilesforearlychildhoodmemoriestoaddtothisverballifestory,theydon'tfindanythatfitthepattern.It'sliketryingtofindaChinesewordinanEnglishdictionary.
NowpsychologistAnnetteSimmsoffersanewexplanationforchildhoodamnesia.Shearguesthattheresimplyaren'tanyearlychildhoodmemoriestorecall.AccordingtoDr.Simms,childrenneedtolearntousesomeoneelse'sspokendescriptionoftheirpersonalexperiencesinordertoturntheirownshort-term,quicklyforgottenimpressionsoftheseexperiencesintolong-termmemories.Inotherwords,childrenhavetotalkabouttheirexperiencesandhearotherstalkaboutthem-Mothertalkingabouttheafternoonspentlookingforcrabs(蟹)atthebeachorDadaskingthemabouttheirdayatOceanPark.Withoutthisverbalreinforcement,saysDr.Simms,childrencannotformpermanentmemoriesoftheirpersonalexperiences.
69.Accordingtothepassage,itiswidelybelievedthat_________.
A.itisimpossibleforanadulttorecallhis(orher)childhoodexperiences
B.adultsvirtuallyhavenoaccesstotheirchildhoodmemories
C.adultsthinkinwordswhilechildrenthinkinimages
D.adultsandchildrenhavedifferentbrainstructures
70."TryingtofindaChinesewordinanEnglishdictionary"isstatedinthepassagetoshowthat_______.
A.ChineseandEnglisharetotallydifferentlanguages
B.itisunlikelytofindaChinesewordinanEnglishdictionary
C.adultsandchildrenhavedifferentmemorypatterns
D.memoriesareinsomewayconnectedwithlanguages
71.AccordingtoAnnetteSimms,_______________.
A.verbalreinforcementisnecessaryforchildrentohavepermanentmemories
B.theredoesnotexistsuchthingsaschildhoodmemories
C.children'sbrainsarematureenoughtoformpermanentmemories
D.childrenaregenerallyinexperiencedandunabletorememberthingstheydon'tunderstand
【参考答案】69—71、BCA
科普知识型阅读理解
(一)
ScientistsatHarvardUniversityandBatesCollegefindfemalechimpanzees(黑猩猩)appeartotreatsticksasdolls,carryingthemarounduntiltheyhavechildrenoftheirown.Youngmalesengageinsuchbehaviormuchlessfrequently.
ThenewworkbySonyaM.KahlenbergandRichardW.Wrangham,describedthisweekinthejournalCurrentBiology,providesthefirstevidenceofawildnonhumanspeciesplayingwithdolls,aswellasthefirstknownsexdifferenceinawildanimal’schoiceofplaythings.
Thetworesearcherssaytheirworkaddstoagrowingbodyofevidencethathumanchildrenareprobablybornwiththeirownideasofhowtheywanttobehave,ratherthansimplymirroringothergirlswhoplaywithdollsandboyswhoplaywithtrucks.Dollplayamonghumanscouldhaveitsoriginsinobject—carryingbyearlierapes(猿类),theysay,suggestingthattoyselectionisprobablynotdueentirelytosocialization.
“Inhumans,thereareobvioussexdifferencesinchildren’stoyplay,andtheseareremarkablysimilaracrosscultures,”saysKahlenberg.“Whilesocializationbyeldersandpeershasbeentheprimaryexplanation,ourworksuggeststhatbiologymayalsohaveanimportantroletoplayinactivitypreferences.”
In14yearsofdataonchimpanzeebehaviorattheKibaleNationalParkinUganda,KahlenbergandWranghamcountedmorethan100examplesofstickcarrying.Someyoungchimpanzeescarriedsticksintothenesttosleepwiththemandononeoccasionbuiltaseparatenestforthestick.“Wehaveseenjuvenilesoccasionallycarryingsticksformanyyears,andbecausetheysometimestreatedthemratherlikedolls,wewantedtoknowifingeneralthisbehaviortendedtorepresentsomethinglikeplayingwithdolls,”saysWrangham,aProfessoratHarvard.“Ifthedollhypothesis(假设)wasright,wethoughtthatfemalesshouldcarrysticksmorethanmalesdo,andthatthechimpanzeesshouldstopcarryingsticks
whentheyhadtheirfirstchild.Wehavenowwatchedenoughyoungchimpanzeestoprovebothpoints.”
( )1.Whatdoesafemalechimpanzeedowithsticks?
A.Shegivesthemtoherchildtoplaywith.
B.Shetreatsthemasdolls.
C.Shemakesusefultoolsfromthem.
D.Shetreatsthemasweapons.
( )2.Whatcausesthedifferenttoyselectionofchimpanzees,accordingtothepassage?
A.Sexdifference.
B.Socialization.
C.Environment.
D.Culturaldifference.
( )3.Wecaninferfromthefourthparagraphthat________.
A.socializationhasnothingtodowithhuman’schoiceofplaythings
B.sexdifferenceistheonlyfactorinhuman’schoiceofplaythings
C.thebiologyfactormayalsoinfluencetoychoice
D.peoplechoosedifferenttoysindifferentcultures
( )4.Wranghamprobablybelievesthat________.
A.observingsomanychimpanzeeshasbeenenoughforthemtomakeaconclusion
B.thestudyproveshumanbeingshaveevolved(进化)fromchimpanzees
C.allchimpanzeestreatthesticksasdolls
D.childrenplayingwithsticksareabnormal
( )5.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat________.
A.bothhumansandchimpanzeeschoosetheirplaythingsduetosexdifference
B.differentfactorscausehumansandchimpanzeestochoosedifferentplaythings
C.onlyfemalechimpanzeeshaveplaythings
D.chimpanzeesusuallychooseplaythingsfortheirchildren
【解析】本文是科普文。
研究发现,雌性黑猩猩喜欢把棍子当作自己的玩具娃娃。
1.B 细节理解题。
从文章第一段可知,雌性黑猩猩把棍子当作自己的玩具娃娃。
2.A 细节理解题。
综合分析文章可知,性别差异是导致黑猩猩玩具选择差异的主要原因。
3.C 推理判断题。
从第四段可知,这两位科学家的研究表明生物学因素也可能影响对玩具的偏好。
4.A 推理判断题。
从第五段最后一句可知答案。
5.A 推理判断题。
综合文章信息可知,无论是人类还是黑猩猩,性别是导致玩具选择差异的重要原因。
【四川省绵阳市2014高考英语一模试题】
AcenturyagointheUnitedStates,whenanindividualbroughtsuitagainstacompany,publicopiniontendedtoprotectthatcompany.Butperhapsthisphenomenonwasmoststrikinginthecaseoftherailroads.Nearlyhalfofallnegligencecasesdecidedthrough1896involvedrailroads.Andtherailroadsusuallywon.
Mostofthecasesweredecidedinsatecourts,whentherailroadshadtheclimateofthetimesontheirsides.Governmentsupportedtherailroadindustry;theprogressrailroadsrepresentedwasnottobesloweddownbyrequiringthemoftentopaydamagestothoseunluckyenoughtobehurtworkingforthem.
Courtdecisionsalwayswentagainstrailroadworkers.AMr.Farwell,anengineer,losthisrighthandwhenaswitchman'snegligenceranhisengineoffthetrack.ThecourtreasonedthatsinceFarwellhadtakenthejobofanengineervoluntarilyatgoodpay,hehadacceptedtherisk.Thereforetheaccident,thoughavoidablehadtheswitchmenactedcarefully,wasa"pureaccident".Ineffectar
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