GRE Issue整理.docx
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GRE Issue整理.docx
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GREIssue整理
教育类13Universitiesshouldrequireeverystudenttotakeavarietyofcoursesoutsidethestudent'sfieldofstudy.
大学应该要求每个学生选修自己专业以外的各种学科。
Universityisanimportantplaceinayouth'slife.Toasignificantextendthiskindofeducationstudentsreceiveinuniversitydetermineswhatkindofpersontheywillbe.Takingthecoursesoutsidethestudent’sfieldsofstudymayexpandhimawidespectrumofvision.ThereforeIfundamentallyagreewiththespeakerthatthereal“trulyeducated”shouldbebasedonthelearningawidescopeofknowledge.However,closescrutinyrevealsthatoverstateeithertheimportanceoftheprofessionalknowledgeortheinformationoutsidewillleadintojeopardizedsituation.
1.Inthefirstplace,requiringstudentstotakecoursesonlyintheirmajorfieldofstudycancausesomeseriousproblems.Actually,noteverystudentknowswithcertaintywhichprofessionalfieldtheyaretrulyinterestedinandcandowellinatthebeginningoftheircollegelife.Ifuniversitiesallowedtheirstudentstochooserelatedcoursesfreely,itwouldbeagoodopportunityforthemtofindtheirinterests.Exploringsubjectsoutsidetheirownmajormayhelpstudentstofindnewacademicfieldsinwhichtheirrealinterestandpotentialslie.Fortunately,inrecentyears,manyuniversitieshavebeguntochangetheireducationpolicies,andsetupseriesofminorcoursesforstudentstostudy.Nowtherearemoreandmorestudentstakingminorcoursesinwhattheyaretrulyinterestedinandthisgivesthemanotheropportunitytodeveloptheirinterestswheretheycanmakefulluseoftheirsparetimetoexpandtheirknowledgeandenhancetheircapabilities.
2.Sincevariousdisciplinesarerelated,thestudyofcoursesoutsideastudent’sownfieldmaybenefitthestudyoftheirmajors.Asweknow,everysubjectdoesnotexistindependently.Theyrelatetoothersubjectstooneextendoranother.Forinstance,philosophyisthefoundationofallsubjects,whichprovidesafundamentalapproachtothinkingabouteveryproblem.Whateveryourmajoris,youcanbenefitfromlearningit.Mathisausefultoolforusinsolvingproblems.Ifyoumajoriseconomicsoraccounting,youwillfindthattheknowledgeofmathematicscanhelpyoualotinyourresearchoryourwork.Thereforewecanseethatstudentswithvariedknowledgewouldhaveagreatadvantageincompetingwiththosewhohaveonlylimitedscope.
3.Ifapersonwanttobeasuccessfulmaninthesociety,theknowledgejustfromhisorhermajorisnotsufficientatall.Heorsheshouldlearnlotsofthingsbecausethosethingsarereallyimportantfortheirfuturesuccess.
1)Science:
logic,criticalthinking,commonsense
2)Art:
thecognitionofnatural
3)Philosophy:
criticalthinkingandbetterunderstandingoftheworld
4)Psychology:
helptogrowmentallyhealthy
5)Sociology:
theessenceofsocietyandhumanbeing.
4.Ofcourse,despitealloftheseadvantagesoflearningvariousdisciplines,themostimportantdisciplinesforastudentisstillthoselessonswhichisrelatedtohisorhermajor.Overemphasizingthevariousdisciplineswilladverselyinfluencethestudent'slearningofhisorhermajor.
Conclusion:
Takeabalance.Auniversityshouldoffervariousdisciplinestostudentswhileensurethatthestudentscanlearntheirmajorwell.
社会类28Thesurestindicatorofagreatnationisrepresentednotbytheachievementsofitsrulers,artists,orscientists,butbythegeneralwelfareofitspeople.
一个国家的伟大体现在国民的安乐上,而不是体现在统治者、艺术家或科学家的成就上。
科技类59Scientistsandotherresearchersshouldfocustheirresearchonareasthatarelikelytobenefitthegreatestnumberofpeople.
科学家和科研人员应该研究更容易造福大众的领域。
行为类31Societyshouldmakeeffortstosaveendangeredspeciesonlyifthepotentialextinctionofthosespeciesistheresultofhumanactivities.
社会应该努力拯救濒危物种,只要这些物种的灭绝是人类活动的结果。
政治类104Tobeaneffectiveleader,apublicofficialmustmaintainthehighestethicalandmoralstandards.
想成为一名有效力的领导则,政府官员必须坚守最高的伦理和道德标准。
教育类73Collegesanduniversitiesshouldrequireallfacultytospendtimeworkingoutsidetheacademicworldinprofessionsrelevanttothecoursestheyteach.
学院和大学应该要求所有的教员拿出时间,参与学术界以外与教学科目相关的领域工作
文化类5Claim:
Governmentsmustensurethattheirmajorcitiesreceivethefinancialsupporttheyneedinordertothrive.
Reason:
Itisprimarilyincitiesthatanation'sculturaltraditionsarepreservedandgenerated.
结论:
政府需要给社会主要城市提供财政支持,来保证其繁荣发展。
原因:
一个国家的文化传统主要是在城市中得以传承和发展。
艺术类:
55Inorderforanyworkofart—forexample,afilm,anovel,apoem,orasong—tohavemerit,itmustbeunderstandabletomostpeople.
若是任何艺术作品(例如,电影、文学、雕塑或者歌曲)存在价值,都必须易于大多数人理解。
历史类57Themainbenefitofthestudyofhistoryistodispeltheillusionthatpeoplelivingnowaresignificantlydifferentfrompeoplewholivedinearliertimes.
研究历史的最大益处在于打破这样的幻想:
现代人和历史上的人有很大不同。
Thisstatementactuallyinsistsoftwoclaims.First,peopleinoneperiodoftimearesignificantlydifferentfrompeoplewholivedatanyothertimeinhistoryisanillusion.Second,theprimaryofthestudyofhistoryistobreakdownthisillusion.AsfarasIamconcerned,Iconcedethatpeopleliveindifferentperiodsoftimeinhistorysharesomecommonground,however,Idisagreewithbothofthetwoclaims.
1.Admittedly,fromthehumanhistory,weknowthatthebasicnatureofhumanbeinghasnotchangedever:
goodandevil.
1)Peopleineveryperiodoftimearethirstyforfreedom,equality,democracyandthelike.Peoplemaintainthemeritsofintelligence,diligence,creativityandsoon.
2)However,wealsosharethedemeritsofprejudice,envyandgreed.Innovationpromotesdevelopmentwhilegreedleadstowars.Humanracekeepprogressingofthecivilizationinthisway.
2.Ontheotherhand,thestudyofhistoryisequallybeneficialtounderstandandappreciatesignificantdifferencesbetweenpeoplesofdifferenttimeperiods.
1)Intermsofculturalmorals,customs,values,andideals.TakeChinesefeudalsocietyasanexample,duringthattime,allpowerswereinthehandsoftheemperoralone,whowasassistedbyagroupofministersledbytheprimeminister.Localgovernorswereappointedbythecentralgovernment.Thecommonpeoplehadnodemocraticrightsatall.
3.Besides,historyhasmanyotherfunctions,whichmightbemoresignificantthantobreakdowntheillusionthatpeopleinoneperiodoftimearesignificantlydifferentfrompeoplewholivedatanyothertimeinhistory.
1)Forexample,studyingoftheachievementofthepastcangiveusinspiration.Studyingthemistakesandfailuresofthepastcanpreventusfromrepeatingthosemistakesandfailuresagain.
模板:
第一段:
开头段。
主要是归纳论点,说明论点有问题,存在逻辑漏洞,准备发起进攻。
第一层:
Thisargumentconcludes/recommends/arguesthat…
第二层:
Tosupportthisconclusionthewritercites…/pointsoutthat…
第三层:
However,thisargumentsuffersfromseveralcriticalflawsandisthereforeunconvincing/unpersuasiveasitstands.
第二段和第三段甚至第四段:
分类别去攻击各个逻辑错误。
(以因果关系类错误为例)
Oneproblemwiththeargumentisthat,theeditorialobservesacorrelationbetween…and…,thenconcludesthattheformeristhecauseofthelatter.However,theeditorialfailstoruleoutotherpossibleexplanationsfor…Forexample,…Anyofthesefactors,orothersocial,politicaloreconomicfactors,mightleadto…Withoutrulingoutallothersuchfactorsitisunfairtoconcludethat…
第五段:
结尾段
作者的结论似乎是合理的,但是通过论证,不是这样的。
因此作者在做出决定之前,应该还要考虑其他情况。
我们通过一篇文章作为实例来介绍Argument的论证步骤和论证方法以及文章结构。
Inthefinalanalysis,theletter'sauthorfailstoadequatelysupporttherecommendationthat…Tobolstertheargument,thearguermustprovidedetaileddemographic/statisticalevidenceshowingthat…Theauthormustalsoprovideevidence--perhapsbywayofareliablesurvey—that…
政治类50Governmentofficialsshouldrelyontheirownjudgmentratherthanunquestioninglycarryoutthewillofthepeopletheyserve.
政府官员应该依靠自己的判断做决定,而不是不假思索地遵从大众的意愿。
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