中考英语二轮复习阅读理解基础编题12人教新目标版.docx
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中考英语二轮复习阅读理解基础编题12人教新目标版.docx
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中考英语二轮复习阅读理解基础编题12人教新目标版
2019中考(人教)英语阅读理解基础编题(12)及答案
PassageA
(2019中考训练题)
PeopleoftenthinkoftheNorthPole(北极)andtheSouthPoleassimilarfrozen(冰冻的)
wastelands.Theyarebothplaceswithverycoldtemperaturesandfewpeoplelivethere.However,theNorthandSouthPolesarenotmuchalikeaspeoplemayimagine.
TheNorthPolehasnoland,onlythickice.Temperaturesseldomgoabove32°F,atwhichwaterturnsintoice.Mostofthetime,itstaysbelowzero.Inwintertemperaturesareusuallyaslowas-30°F.
Althoughconditionswereverypoor,peopletriedformanycenturiestoreachtheNorthPole.About100yearsago,twomen,RobertPearyandMathewHenson,wereabletogettothisenvironmentfulloftroublesanddifficulties.TheyreachedtheNorthPoleonMarch8th,1909.Itwasreallyahardtripforthem.
TherearefewthingsmoredangerousthancrossingtheArctic(北极圈)onfoot.Peoplewhostayedtheremayfacemanyproblems:
verycoldtemperatures,suddenstorms,andevenhunger.Mostoftheareaisuninhabited.Fewpeoplecanliveinsuchadifficultplace.
Peoplemightthinkthatwithsuchlowtemperaturesformostoftheyear,theicewouldbethickandhard.However,thisisnottrueintheArctic.Themovementoftheoceanwaterundertheicemayoftencausemanydifferentchangesonthesurface.Sometimestheicebreaksintotwoopeninglanesofwater(水道)called“leads”.Anyonewhofallsintoaleadcanbefrozentodeathinafewminutes.
1.Thispassageisprobablyfrom___________.
A.abookreviewB.asciencebook
C.aschoolreportD.acomputermagazine
2.Accordingtothepassage,whathappenedabout100yearsago?
A.TwomensucceededingettingtotheNorthPole.
B.TemperaturesintheNorthPolewentabove32°F.
C.TheenvironmentintheNorthPolesuddenlybecameworse.
D.TheNorthPolechangedintothickicebecauseofthetemperatures.
3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“uninhabited”probablymeaninChinese?
A.气候恶劣的B.充满危险的C.困难重重的D.无人居住的
4.Thereasonfortheicetobreakintotwoopeninglanesofwateris_____________.
A.thatthetemperaturesuddenlydropsB.thatthewaterundertheiceisfrozen
C.thattheoceanwaterundertheicemovesD.thatthesurfaceiscoveredwithlotsofice
5.Whatdoesthispassagemainlytalkabout?
A.ThethickiceintheNorthPole.
B.AdifficulttriptotheNorthPole.
C.TherealsituationintheNorthPole.
D.ThedifferencesbetweentheNorthPoleandtheSouthPole.
【解析】试题分析:
本文是一篇科普文,介绍了北极点的有关情况。
首先指出北极和南极并不像人们想象的那么相像,接着从冰层厚、气温低等方面介绍恶劣的环境,然后插入了100多年前两个人克服重重困难走到北极的故事,证明了北极的大部分地区无人居住。
最后介绍了海水在冰下的运动常常会引起表面上许多不同的变化。
1.题意:
这篇文章可能是从___________。
考查综合理解题。
A.abookreview一本书评;B.asciencebook一本科学书;C.aschoolreport一则学术报告;D.acomputermagazine一本计算机杂志。
短文是一则科普文,根据它的体裁,应该摘自于科学书。
故选B。
2.题意:
根据这篇文章,大约100年前发生了什么?
考查细节理解题。
A.TwomensucceededingettingtotheNorthPole.两个人成功地到达了北极点。
根据About100yearsago,twomen,RobertPearyandMathewHenson,wereabletogettothisenvironmentfulloftroublesanddifficulties.可知,说法正确,可选。
B.TemperaturesintheNorthPolewentabove32°F.北极点的温度超过华氏32度。
根据原文句子Temperaturesseldomgoabove32°F,可知温度极少能超过华氏32度,故说法错误。
C.TheenvironmentintheNorthPolesuddenlybecameworse.北极的环境突然变得更糟了,短文没有提及,故说法错误。
D.TheNorthPolechangedintothickicebecauseofthetemperatures.北极由于气温变化变成厚厚的冰,根据However,thisisnottrueintheArctic.可知,说法错误。
根据文意,可知选A。
3.题意:
下划线的“uninhabited”这个词在汉语中是什么意思?
考查词义理解题。
few一点,表否定意义。
根据下文提示Fewpeoplecanliveinsuchadifficultplace.,可知很少有人能生活在这样困难的地方。
故选D。
4.题意:
冰块断做两口水道的原因是___________。
考查细节理解题。
A.thatthetemperaturesuddenlydrops气温突然下降;B.thatthewaterundertheiceisfrozen冰下的水结冰了;C.thattheoceanwaterundertheicemoves冰下的海水移动了;D.thatthesurfaceiscoveredwithlotsofice表面覆盖着很多冰。
根据短文最后的内容Themovementoftheoceanwaterundertheicemayoftencausemanydifferentchangesonthesurface.Sometimestheicebreaksintotwoopeninglanesofwatercalled“leads”.,可知选C。
5.题意:
这篇文章主要讲的是什么?
考查文意理解和综合理解题。
A.ThethickiceintheNorthPole.北极点厚厚的冰;B.AdifficulttriptotheNorthPole.艰难的北极点之行;C.TherealsituationintheNorthPole.北极点的实际情况;D.ThedifferencesbetweentheNorthPoleandtheSouthPole.北极点和南极点之间的差异。
本文的主要内容就是介绍北极点的有关情况。
根据文意,可知选C。
点睛:
对于阅读理解题,首先要粗读文章了解大意,其次通过细读,理解全文。
在粗读的基础上,仔细阅读题后所给的题目,根据题目要求,再有重点地返回来仔细阅读。
在阅读理解的题目中,所设问题主要有以下几种方式:
找主题或概括文章的中心思想、就文中的具体事实和情节进行提问、根据文章的表层意思进行深层次的推理判断等,在细读时,要根据设问的方式,进行有侧重地阅读。
1、概括文章中心思想。
1)文首呈现主题句。
2)文尾出现主题句。
3)首尾呼应展现主题。
4)文中表述主题。
前面提出问题,文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出,而后再做进一步的解释。
5)文章没有主题句。
在这种情况下,考生要把所有的细节综合起来。
进行逻辑推理,概括归纳出文章的主题句。
2.掌握文章的具体事实和重要情节。
在考题中,经常会见到就文章中某一具体事实和重要情节进行测试的题目。
例如,第4题,题意:
冰块断做两口水道的原因是___________。
考查细节理解题。
A.thatthetemperaturesuddenlydrops气温突然下降;B.thatthewaterundertheiceisfrozen冰下的水结冰了;C.thattheoceanwaterundertheicemoves冰下的海水移动了;D.thatthesurfaceiscoveredwithlotsofice表面覆盖着很多冰。
根据短文最后的内容Themovementoftheoceanwaterundertheicemayoftencausemanydifferentchangesonthesurface.Sometimestheicebreaksintotwoopeninglanesofwatercalled“leads”.,可知选C。
这就要求考生在阅读时要注意辨认和记忆具体事实,重要情节,事物的起因、过程、结果及发生的地点、时间等,这些都有可能作为测试点。
还有一些测试题,要求考生在理解的基础上,通过自己的思维将理解的内容系统化,比如计算、排序等题型。
PassageB
【****江苏省泰州市】
Livinginaforeignculturecanbeexciting,butitcanalsobeconfusing(令人迷惑的).AgroupofAmericanswhotaughtEnglishinothercountriesrecentlydiscussedtheirexperiences.Theydecidedthatmiscommunications(沟通误解)werealwayspossible,evenoversomethingassimpleas“yes”and“no”.
OnherfirstdayinMicronesia,anislandinthePacific(太平洋),Lisathoughtpeopleweren’tpayinganyattentiontoher.Thedaywashot.Shewentintoastoreandasked,“Doyouhavecolddrinks?
”Thewomantheredidn’tsayanything.Lisarepeatedthequestion.Stillthewomansaidnothing.Shelaterlearnedthatthewomanhadansweredher:
Shehadraisedhereyebrows(眉毛),whichinMicronesiameans“yes”.
JanrememberedanexperienceshehadinBulgaria,acountryinEurope.Shewenttoarestaurantthatwasfamousforitscabbage.Sheaskedthewaiter,“Doyouhavecabbagetoday?
”Henoddedhishead.Janwaited,butthecabbagenevercame.Inthatcountry,anodmeans“no”.
TomhadasimilarproblemwhenarrivedinIndia.Afterexplainingsomethinginclass,heaskedhisstudentsiftheyunderstood.Theyansweredwithmanydifferentnodsandshakesofthehead.Hethoughtsomepeoplehadnotunderstood,soheexplainedagain.Whenheaskedagain,theydidthesamething.Hesoonfoundoutthathisstudentsdidunderstand.InIndia,peoplenodandshaketheirheadsindifferentwaysdependingon(依据)wheretheycomefrom.Youhavetoknowwhereapersonisfromtounderstandwhethertheymean“yes”or“no”.
61.TheAmericansteachingEnglishinothercountriesfoundthatthey.
A.shouldgoabroadforvacations
B.neededtolearnforeignlanguages
C.shouldoftendiscusstheirexperiences
D.hadproblemswithcommunications
62.PeopleinMicronesiashow“yes”by.
A.noddingheads B.raisingeyebrows
C.shakingheads D.saying“no”
63.Tommisunderstood(误解)hisclassatfirstbecause.
A.hedidnotknowmuchaboutIndianculture
B.hedidn’texplaineverythingclearlyenough
C.somestudentsdidn’tunderstandhisquestions
D.hedidn’tknowwherethestudentscamefrom
64.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothispassage?
A.InBulgaria,noddingheadsmeans“no”.
B.JantaughtEnglishonaPacificisland.
C.Lisawastryingtobuysomecabbage.
D.InIndia,onlyshakingheadsmeans“yes”.
65.Thepassageismainlyabout.
A.bodylanguageinforeignrestaurants
B.classdiscussioninIndiaschools
C.miscommunicationindifferentcultures
D.Englishteachinginothercountries
参考答案61—65DBAAC
PassageC
【****模拟题】
OntheafternoonofMay12,2008,whenLiaoZhiwasplayingwithher10-month-olddaughterathome,thebuildingbegantoshake."Icarriedmydaughterinmyarmsandwantedtogodownstairs.Butwhenmymother-in-lawopenedthedoor,thebuildingcollapsedinaflash(瞬间倒塌)."
LiaowassavedonthenightofMay13,buthermother-in-lawandherbabydaughterdied.What'sworse,Liao'scalveswereseverelyhurtintheearthquakeandherlegshadtobecutoffattheknee.
Whatdoesthismeantoadancer?
"AtfirstIthoughtIwouldn'tbeabletodanceanymore,andmylifewouldbecomeveryhard,"Liaosaid."ButwhenIseethatmyfamilyandfriendscaresomuchaboutme,Idecidednottoletthemdown."Shefirstlearnedtoturnoverinbedwithouthelp,andlater,whenshefeltbetter,shebeganpracticingdancingonthebed.
Monthslater,Liaoputonartificiallimbs(假肢).Shesmiledandsaidtohermother,"TomorrowIwillbeabletowalk,andbeforelong,Iwilldanceagain."
Theruthlessearthquakehastakenawayalotofthings,butitcouldnevertakeawaythehopeoflife.
根据短文内容判断正(T)误(F)。
()1.TheearthquakehappenedwhenLiaoZhiwasplayingathome.
()2.LiaoZhihadleftthehousebeforethehousecollapsed.
()3.OnlyLiaoZhi'smother-in-lawdiedintheearthquake.
()4.ForLiaoZhishewilldanceagaininthenearfuture.
()5.Accordingtothepassage,eveniftheearthquakeisveryruthless,peoplewillnevergiveuptheirhopes.
参考答案:
1.T由文章的“OntheafternoonofMay12,2008,whenLiaoZhiwasplayingwithher10-month-olddaughterathome,thebuildingbegantoshake.”可知。
2.F由文章的“Icarriedmydaughterinmyarmsandwantedtogodownstairs.Butwhenmymother-in-lawopenedthedoor,thebuildingcollapsedinaflash.”可知。
3.F由文章的“LiaowassavedonthenightofMay13,buthermother-in-lawandherbabydaughterdied.”可知。
4.T通读第四段可知。
5.T通读全文可知。
PassageD
英格兰
Englandisanislandcountryinthesea.ItliesinthewestofEurope.ItisdividedbytheEnglishChannel(海峡)inthesouthbetweenEnglandandFrance.TheNorthSeaisontheeastofit.Itsofficial(正式的)nameistheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainand
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