使用非线性有限元程序功能虚拟仿真的一个小货车侧翻试验国外文献.docx
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使用非线性有限元程序功能虚拟仿真的一个小货车侧翻试验国外文献.docx
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使用非线性有限元程序功能虚拟仿真的一个小货车侧翻试验国外文献
ThePennsylvaniaStateUniversity
TheGraduateSchool
TheMechanicalEngineeringDepartment
VIRTUALSIMULATIONOFAPICKUPTRUCKROLLOVERTESTUSINGTHE
NONLINEARFINITEELEMENTCODEPAM-CRASH
AThesisin
MechanicalEngineering
by
MeghanElizabethHenty
Ó2003MeghanE.Henty
SubmittedinPartialFulfillment
oftheRequirements
fortheDegreeof
MasterofScience
May2003
iii
ABSTRACT
Rollovercrashesoccurlessfrequentlythanallothertypesofautomotivecrashes,
yettheyclaimthousandsofliveseveryyear.Anewdynamicrollovertestiscurrently
underinvestigationbytheautomotiveindustrytoformanewstandardtoprotect
occupantsinarollovercrash.TheFMVSS208rolloverdollytestisthecurrentfederal
standard.Afiniteelementsimulationofthisdollytestisthefocusofthisresearch.
TheobjectiveofthisresearchwastosimulateanFMVSS208rolloverdollytest
ofapickuptruckmodelusingthenonlinearfiniteelementcode,PAM-CRASH,and
validatethekinematics.PublishedobservationsofactualvehiclessubjectedtoFMVSS
208rolloverdollytestswereusedtodeterminetheinitialvelocitiesforthesimulations.
Vehicleparametersexploredinthesimulationswerecontactfriction,suspension
characteristics,tirepressure,andtotalmass.SingleanddoubleprecisionPAM-Solver
resultswerecomparedtodeterminetheaccuracyofthesolvers.
Thevehiclekinematicsduringtherolloversimulationsrunonthedouble
precisionsolverwerevalidatedbycomparingthemwithpublishedtestdata.Thevehicle
horizontaldisplacementandvelocity,rotationalvelocity,andkineticenergylossinboth
thepublishedexperimentaltestsandthesimulationswereusedforthisvalidation.
Theprocedurerequiredtopositionadummyoccupantwithinthepickuptruckand
tocompletearolloversimulationwasdiscussed.
iv
TABLEOFCONTENTS
LISTOFFIGURES..........................................................................................................V
LISTOFTABLES.......................................................................................................VIII
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS..............................................................................................IX
CHAPTER1LITERATUREREVIEWONPHYSICALANDVIRTUAL
ROLLOVERTESTS........................................................................................................1
Introduction..........................................................................................................................1
StandardsandRegulations...................................................................................................5
ResearchandTesting.........................................................................................................10
Safety.................................................................................................................................14
ClosingRemarks................................................................................................................16
CHAPTER2NONLINEARFINITEELEMENTANALYSISCRASH
SIMULATIONMOTIVATION,METHODOLOGYANDSOFTWARE................17
FiniteElementAnalysis.....................................................................................................17
ChallengesinSimulatingRollover....................................................................................19
CrashSimulationSoftware................................................................................................22
ApplicableSolverAlgorithmDescriptions........................................................................25
CHAPTER3METHODOLOGYANDMODELINGPREPARATIONOFAN
FMVSS208ROLLOVERDOLLYTEST....................................................................32
OriginalModel...................................................................................................................32
Methodology......................................................................................................................34
ModelingaPickupTruckRollover....................................................................................34
CHAPTER4VIRTUALROLLOVERTESTING......................................................43
Kinematics.........................................................................................................................43
v
SimulationResults.............................................................................................................43
DoublePrecisionSolverResults........................................................................................52
DropSimulationResults....................................................................................................55
CHAPTER5METHODOLOGYANDMODELINGPREPARATIONOFAN
FMVSS208ROLLOVERDOLLYTESTINCLUDINGAHYBRIDIIIDUMMY60
DummyModel...................................................................................................................60
InsertingandPositioningtheDummy...............................................................................61
RolloverModelingMethodology......................................................................................63
CHAPTER6CONCLUSIONS......................................................................................67
FutureWork.......................................................................................................................69
REFERENCES................................................................................................................71
PUBLICATIONS............................................................................................................76
APPENDIX......................................................................................................................77
vi
LISTOFFIGURES
Figure1.1AnnualAveragesinTowawayCrashesbyCrashTypeinthe1995-1999
NASSandFARSCrashDatabases,adjustedforunknowns(DOT,1999)....................2
Figure1.2.Rolloversper100crashesin1999(NHTSA,2001)..........................................3
Figure1.3.Numberofrollovercrashesin1999inthousands(NHTSA,2001)..................4
Figure1.4.FMVSS208dollytestsetup..............................................................................7
Figure2.1Nodes/SurfaceContact(ESI,1999).................................................................26
Figure2.2Contactthickness,penetrationandperforation.(ESI,1999)............................27
Figure2.3Self-impactingcontact(ESI,1999)..................................................................29
Figure2.4Surface/surfacecontact(ESI,1999).................................................................29
Figure3.1PAM-Crashgenerictruckmodelusedinrolloversimulation.........................33
Figure3.2Suspensionandtiresimplification....................................................................39
Figure3.3VerticalStaticStiffnessversusInflationPressureCurve(Chang,2002)........41
Figure4.1(a)Rotationalvelocityand(b)kineticenergyoftheexperimentaltest
(Orlowskietal,1985)..................................................................................................45
Figure4.2(a)Rotationalvelocityand(b)kineticenergyoforiginalmodelwith
updatedfrictionvalues.................................................................................................46
Figure4.3(a)Rotationalvelocityand(b)kineticenergyoforiginalmodelwith
updatedfrictionvaluesandfrontandrearrigidsuspensions.......................................48
Figure4.4(a)Rotationalvelocityand(b)kineticenergyoftheoriginalmodelwith
updatedfrictionvalues,frontandrearrigidsuspension,andupdatedstiffnessand
dampingappliedtothetires.........................................................................................50
Figure4.5(a)Rotationalvelocityand(b)kineticenergyofpreviousmodelwitha
massofapproximately2000kg...................................................................................52
Figure4.6(a)Rotationalvelocityand(b)kineticenergyoftherolloversimulationrun
onadoubleprecisionIBMsolver................................................................................54
vii
Figure4.7TotalEnergyresultsfromtherolloversimulationperformedona(a)
doubleprecisionsolverand(b)asingleprecisionsolver............................................55
Figure4.8(a)Verticaldisplacement,(b)velocity,(c)acceleration,and(d)filtered
verticalaccelerationofthevehiclemodeledasadeformablebodyinafreedrop
simulation.....................................................................................................................57
Figure4.9(a)Verticaldisplacement,(b)velocity,and(c)accelerationofthevehicle
modeledasarigidbodyinafreedropsimulation.......................................................58
Figure5.1OriginalHybridIIIdummysledmodeldevelopedbytheESIGroup.............61
Figure5.2TheHybridIIIdummyinsertedintothepickuptruckmodel,front,top,and
sideviews.....................................................................................................................63
Figure5.3Verticalinverteddropsimulationsetup...........................................................65
Figure5.4Stillimagesofinverted
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