论公允价值在我国的运用的外文资料与中文翻译.docx

论公允价值在我国的运用的外文资料与中文翻译.docx

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论公允价值在我国的运用的外文资料与中文翻译

本科毕业设计（论文）

题目论公允价值在我国的运用

附录外文资料与中文翻译

院（系部）工商管理系

专业名称会计学

年级班级08会计—4班

学生姓名许欣

指导教师

2012年05月23日

附录

外文资料与中文翻译

外文资料：

Theapplicationoffairvalueinthedomesticandinternationalcomparativeanalysis

1thedefinitionoffairvalue

1.1fairvaluedefinitioncomparativeanalysis

Fromthedefinitionoffairvaluecanbeseen,differentcountries,institutionsforfairvaluedefinitionalthoughexpressedindifferentways,butitsconnotationbasicallythesame:

（1）thetransactionfairness.Fairvalueisfamiliarwiththesituationbetweenthetwosidesinthevoluntarytransactionsinform,notintheforcedliquidationorformedintheprocessof.

（2）marketcompatibility.Activemarketandtheactivemarketcanformthefairvalue.Activemarketinthemarketisthebestevidenceoffairvalue,butnottheonlyevidence.Whenthereisnoactivemarket,canbeusedinavarietyofvaluationtechniquestoprovideagoodestimationofthefairvalueofthemouth.

（3）emphasizetherelativity,i.e.exchangetodeterminethefairvalueisinrelativelyreasonableunderthecircumstances.Thefairvalueisforitsessenceisakindofidealundertheassumptionthatthevalueembodimentofsocialreality,andthishypothesisisdifficulttofullyrealize.Nomatterhowperfecttransactionmarket,howwise,notlikelytocollectallinformationandeffectiveanalysisofinformationmakeabsolutelycorrectdecision.Fairvalueisthemarketvalue,namely,thefairvalueofthe"fair"isrelative.

（4）thecomprehensivemeasurement.Fairvaluerefersnotonlytothefairvalueoftheassets,includingthefairvalueofthelatteroveralongperiodoftimehadbeenignored.

1.2chinafairvaluedefinitiontheoreticaldefects

Onthedefinitionoffairvalueissubstantiallyconsistentwithinternational.Butthisdefinitionwasstudied,andcombinedwiththefairvalueofspecificaccesstechnology,wecanfindthat,thefairvalueofthedefinitionitselfisnotwithnochinkinone'sarmour,itiscertaintohavesometheoreticaldefects.

First,thedefinitionoffairvalueintheemphasison"evenbargain",butinactualapplication,fairnessisvagueanddifficulttoguaranteethe.Forexample,inabuyer'smarketorseller'smarket,bytheimpactofsupplyanddemand,theactualtransactionpriceisverydifficulttoachievethetruefair.Forexample,alicenseplatenumberoracertainkindoftea,withhundredsofthousandsorevenmillionsofprices,completelyistradedawillingwillingtoendureavoluntaryexchangeprice,it'shardtosaywiththeoriginalmeaningoffair.Again,duetotheexistenceofasymmetricinformation,theactivemarketforbothbuyersandsellerstoreachtransactionpricesarenotabsolutelyfair.Forexample,inthesecond-handcarmarket,buyacartocarqualityinformationrelatedtomasterfarlessthansellingcars,andsellthecarmanasarationaleconomicperson,wantthecarcansellagoodpriceandtrytoexaggeratethecarquality.Ifacarthatsellscarpeople,topaythecorrespondingprice,sobuyersinterestshavebeenviolated;ifacarpriortorealizethisreason,inordernottobecheatedwilladheretothelowprice,sellacarpeoplereluctantlypartwithcheapshots,sothecarisnotfairthe.Ofcourse,inthisgame,buyacarandthecarcanchoosetoexitthemarket,finallyappearinferiorgoodsexpelqualityproductofthe"adverseselection"results,butintherealeconomiclife,boththeinformationasymmetryphenomenonindeedbowcanbefound.Fairvaluedefinitionrequiresa"familiarsituationbothsides"existinnameonly,althoughvoluntarytransactions,thetransactionpricefairnessismilesaway.

Secondly,basedonthefairvaluedefinitionemphasizesthe"transaction"andproduce,butalotofthefairvalueoftheacquisitionisnotderivedfromtrading.Butmoreoftentotheenterpriseresourceinatransactionandalthoughthetransactionbutnoobservableamountincase,accordingtothesameorsimilarsituationmadeestimationandevaluation.Forexample,thefairvaluenotonlyfortheinitialmeasurement,areoftenusedinsubsequentmeasurement,andsubsequentmeasurementaremostlyintheabsenceoftradesituation,throughforasupplyofsth.toreachconsensusontheactualtransactionpricewillbeoutofthequestion.Thereisalsocontroversymost,oneis"fairvalueiswhat?

",namelythedefinitionofthefairvalueofthemeaningnotclear.Thisisalsoaquestionoftheapplicationofthefairvalueofthecoreproblem,determinethemeaningoffairvalue,fairvaluemeasurementtodeterminethedirectionandtarget.Ourfairvaluedescribingambiguous,connotationandextensionofuncertainty,notspecific,mayleadtoconfusioninpracticeapplication.Thefairvalueiswhattheunderstandingisdifferent,thefairvaluemeasurementusingassumptions,techniquesandmethodsmaybedifferent,measuringtheresultsofthedifferencecanbelarge,measurementreliabilitywillbereduced.

1.3theUnitedStatesofAmericafairvaluedefinitiondevelopmentreferencetoChina

（1）orderlytransaction.TheUnitedStatesof"orderlytransaction"andtheinternationalaccountingstandardsboard（IASB）andourcountryMinistryofFinancestated"evenbargain"concepthasbiggerdifference."Orderlytransaction"emphasizeinthemarketfulldisclosureandassetsorliabilitiesowner'sinitiative,and"evenbargain"emphasizethetransactionitselftheunforced."Orderlytransaction"conceptcanbecovered"evenbargain"concept.

（2）comparedtotheSFASNO.157,China'snewaccountingstandardswillbethefairvalueisdefinedasthetransactionbothsidesoftransactionisgeneratedbasedontheamount,butnotclearlyexpressedconcernattheprice.Insomecases（suchastherelatedpartytransaction）evenifthetransactionbothsides,thepriceisalsoalackoffairness,butalsoreducesthereliabilityof.China'snewaccountingstandardsfairvaluemakersprovidedonlylimitedtobothpartiestothetransaction,andnotitsextensiontotheparticipantsofthemarketrange,therefore,thefairvalueofthedevelopedaftertheabsenceofsufficientmarketequilibrium,andcontainmoreinvolvedinsubjectivecomponentsorhypotheticalcomponents,reliabilityneedstobeimproved.AndintheSFASNO.57definition.""pricedecisionistheassetorliabilityownersoutsideofthemarketactivity,inintroducingmoremarketfactors,increasethefairvalueoftheobjectivetomakemoreeffortstomakefairprices,morereliableSFASNO.157moretrustfromtheexternalmarketprice.

（3）thedefinitionof"market"andtheinternationaldefinitionof"involvedinthetransactionparties","marketparticipants"thescopetobebigger.Because,althoughthepriceintradingbypartiestothetransactionisselected,butthereisanactivemarket,thepriceactuallydependsonothermarketparticipantstotradebetweentheequilibriumprice;andinsomecases,pricingisnotatradingconditions,suchasassetrevaluation,thereferencemarketpricingtheotherparticipantinthetransactionprice.Therefore,theintroductionofmarketparticipantsconceptmakesthefairvaluehasmorereliability,butalsodeepentheconceptoffairvalue.

2theapplicationofthefairvalueofmarketconditions

2.1fairvaluemarketconditions

Thedefinitionoffairvaluecanbeseeninfairvalueandmarketconditionsoftherelationship.IASBandfairvalueinChinaisdefinedas:

"theevenbargain,thePartyofbeinvoluntarybasisforexchangeofassetsorliabilitiesrepaymentamount."TheUnitedStatesFASBaccountingstandardsissuedbytheFASl57"fairvalue"inthedefinitionoffairvalueinthemeasurementfor:

withmarkettradersinanorderlytransaction,saleofassetsorliabilitiesreceivedtransferprice.Ascanbeseenfromthedefinition,thefirstisthefairvalueofassetsorliabilitiesinthetransactionprice,thetransactionusuallyreferstothemarket,i.e.,betweentwoormorepartiesinthemarketofcommodityexchange.Inthedefinitionoffairvalueissimilartothemarketprice,ofcourse,themarketpriceisnottoleavethemarketaccess.Secondly,fromChinatothedefinitionoffairvaluein,thetransactionpriceisinevenbargain,andfamiliarwiththetransactionbothsidesbursttransactionprices,theUnitedStatesofAmerica'sFinancialAccountingStandardsBoardnotedthatthetransactionpriceisinanorderlytransactionconducted,orderlymarkethypothesisinthemeasurementwithaperiodoftimebeforethemarkethasexistingassetsorliabilitiesoftheconventionaltransaction,thetransactionisakindofforcedtransaction.

Whetherfairvalueisactiveonthemarkettheactualtransactionprice?

Inessence,thefairvalueisakindofevaluationbasedonmarketinformation.Thefairvalueoftheidentifiedthreeways,namely,theexistenceofmarkettrade,exchangepriceforthefairvalue;marketpriceisallmarketparticipantsfullyconsiderationofanassetorliabilityinthefuturecashflowanditsuncertaintyaftertheformationoftheconsensus,ifthereisnoevidencetothecontrarythatthetransactionisunfairornotvoluntary,markettransactionpricefortheassetorindebtedevenhandedvalue;intheabsenceofactualtransactionsituation,shouldsearchonthemarketsimilartosimilartransaction,transactionpriceasthefairvaluemeasurementbasis,anassetorliabilityifnoobservable,directlydeterminesthepricebythemarket,itisstipulatedinthecontractorcanbeexpectedinthefuturecashflowcanbeestimated,canusethepresentvalueofestimatedfairvalueoftechnology.

Onthefairvaluemeasurementrequirementsofwhatkindofmarket