高考英语阅读理解精英训练题5及答案.docx
- 文档编号:10846642
- 上传时间:2023-02-23
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:12
- 大小:24KB
高考英语阅读理解精英训练题5及答案.docx
《高考英语阅读理解精英训练题5及答案.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《高考英语阅读理解精英训练题5及答案.docx(12页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
高考英语阅读理解精英训练题5及答案
2014高考英语阅读理解精英训练题(5)及答案
阅读理解
Thereisincreasingevidencethattheimpactsofmeteorites(陨星)havehadimportanteffectsonEarth,particularlyinthefieldofbiologicalevolution.SuchimpactscontinuetoposeanaturalhazardtolifeonEarth.Ifanimpactislargeenough,itcandisturbtheenvironmentoftheentireEarthandcauseanecologicalcatastrophe.Thebest-documentedsuchimpacttookplace65millionyearsagoattheendoftheCretaceousperiod(白垩纪期)ofgeologicalhistory.ThisbreakinEarth'shistoryismarkedbyamassextinction,whenasmanyashalfthespeciesontheplanetbecameextinct.Whilethereareadozenormoremassextinctionsinthegeologicalrecord,theCretaceousmassextinctionhasalwaysintriguedpaleontologists(古生物学者)becauseitmarkstheendoftheageofthedinosaurs.Fortensofmillionsofyears,thosegreatcreatureshadflourished.Then,suddenly,theydisappeared.
ThebodythatimpactedEarthattheendoftheCretaceousperiodwasameteoritewithamassofmorethanatrilliontonsandadiameterofatleast10kilometers.Scientistsfirstidentifiedthisimpactin1980fromtheworldwidelayerofsediment(沉积物)depositedfromthedustcloudthatenvelopedtheplanetaftertheimpact.Thissedimentlayerisenrichedintheraremetaliridium(铱)andotherelementsthatarerelativelyabundantinameteoritebutveryrareinthecrust(地壳)ofEarth.Evendiluted(稀释)bytheterrestrial(地球的)materialexcavated(挖掘)fromthecrater,thiscomponentofmeteoritesiseasilyidentified.By1990geologistshadlocatedtheimpactsiteitselfintheYucatregionofMexico.Thecrater,nowdeeplyburiedinsediment,wasoriginallyabout200kilometersindiameter.
Thisimpactreleasedanenormousamountofenergy,excavatingacraterabouttwiceaslargeasthelunarcraterTycho.Theexplosionliftedabout100trilliontonsofdustintotheatmosphere.Suchaquantityofmaterialwouldhaveblockedthesunlightcompletelyfromreachingthesurface,plungingEarthintoaperiodofcoldanddarknessthatlastedatleastseveralmonths.Theexplosionisalsocalculatedtohaveproducedvastquantitiesofnitricacid(硝酸)andmeltedrockthatsprayedoutovermuchofEarth,startingwidespreadfiresthatmusthaveconsumedmostterrestrialforestsandgrassland.Presumably,thoseenvironmentaldisasterscouldhavebeenresponsibleforthemassextinction,includingthedeathofthedinosaurs.
Severalothermassextinctionsinthegeologicalrecordhavebeententativelyidentifiedwithlargeimpacts,butnoneissodramaticastheCretaceousevent.Butevenwithoutsuchspecificdocumentation,itisclearthatimpactsofthissizedooccurandthattheirresultscanbecatastrophic.Whatisacatastropheforonegroupoflivingthings,however,maycreateopportunitiesforanothergroup.Followingeachmassextinction,thereisasuddenevolutionaryburstasnewspeciesdeveloptofilltheecologicalnichesopenedbytheevent.
Impactsbymeteoritesrepresentonewaythatcouldcauseglobalcatastrophesandseriouslyinfluencetheevolutionoflifeallovertheplanet.Accordingtosomeestimates,themajorityofallextinctionsofspeciesmaybeduetosuchimpacts.Suchaperspectivefundamentallychangesourviewofbiologicalevolution.Thestandardcriterionforthesurvivalofaspeciesisitssuccessincompetingwithotherspeciesandadaptingtoslowlychangingenvironments.Yetanequallyimportantcriterionistheabilityofaspeciestosurviverandomglobalecologicalcatastrophesduetoimpacts.
5.Inparagraph2,whydoestheauthorincludetheinformationthatdinosaurshadflourishedfortensofmillionsofyearsandthensuddenlydisappeared?
A.TosupporttheclaimthatthemassextinctionattheendoftheCretaceousisthebest-documentedofthedozenorsomassextinctionsinthegeologicalrecord.
B.ToexplainwhyasmanyashalfofthespeciesonEarthatthetimearebelievedtohavebecomeextinctattheendoftheCretaceous.
C.ToexplainwhypaleontologistshavealwaysbeenintriguedbythemassextinctionattheendoftheCretaceous]
D.Toprovideevidencethatanimpactcanbelargeenoughtodisturbtheenvironmentoftheentireplanetandcauseanecologicaldisaster.
6.Accordingtoparagraph3,howdidscientistsdeterminethatalargemeteoritehadimpactedEarth?
A.TheydiscoveredalargecraterintheYucatregionofMexico.
B.Theyfoundauniquelayerofsedimentworldwide.
C.TheywerealertedbyarchaeologistswhohadbeenexcavatingintheYucatregion.
D.Theylocatedameteoritewithamassofoveratrilliontons.
7.Accordingtoparagraph4,allofthefollowingstatementsaretrueoftheimpactattheendoftheCretaceousperiodEXCEPT:
A.AlargeamountofdustblockedsunlightfromEarth.
B.Earthbecamecoldanddarkforseveralmonths.
C.NewelementswereformedinEarth'scrust.
D.Largequantitiesofnitricacidwereproduced.
8.Thephrasetentativelyidentifiedinthepassageisclosestinthemeaningto____________.
A.identifiedwithoutcertaintyB.identifiedaftercarefulstudy
C.occasionallyidentifiedD.easilyidentified
9.Paragraph6supportswhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthefactorsthatareessentialforthesurvivalofaspecies?
A.Themostimportantfactorforthesurvivalofaspeciesisitsabilitytocompeteandadapttogradualchangesinitsenvironment.
B.Theabilityofaspeciestocompeteandadapttoagraduallychangingenvironmentisnottheonlyabilitythatisessentialforsurvival.
C.Sincemostextinctionsofspeciesareduetomajormeteoriteimpacts,theabilitytosurvivesuchimpactsisthemostimportantfactorforthesurvivalofaspecies.
D.Thefactorsthataremostimportantforthesurvivalofaspeciesvarysignificantlyfromonespeciestoanother.
参考答案5-9CBCAB
第三部分:
阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
(2012·四川眉山一诊)
TomatoFestival
Startedin2005,theTomatoFestivalhasgrownintoalocaltraditioninMalta.Inrecentyears,thefestivalhasaddedamusementparkstyleridesandayearlyCreatureFeature,whichscreensoldhorriblemovies.Therearealsodancecompetitions,paradesandpancakebreakfast.ThirdweekendinAugust.Address:
833TinkhamRd,FountainPark,Wilbraham,Massachusetts01095Phone:
(413)5990010
BratDays
Don'tmistakethisfestivalforadayfilledwithpoorlybehavedchildren.Begunm1953,thegatheringisthebiggestfestivalinthecityeachyearandfeaturesmorethan50stands(摊位)sellingthesausage,aswellasacontesttoseewhocanquicklyeatthemostbratwurst(德国式小香肠)intenminutes.EarlyAugust.
Address:
17thandNewJerseysts,KiwanisPark,Sheboygan,Wisconsin53081
Phone:
(920)4579491
HopeWatermelonFestival
Thefestivaldatesbacktothe1920s,whenmanytrainswentthroughthissmalltownandlocalwatermelongrowerswouldselltheirwatermelontoparchedtravelers.Thesedays,thefestivalseesaWatermelonQueencrowned(加冠的)andsometimesaworldrecordwatermelongrown.Therearealsomorethan300standssellingartsandcraftsfromasixstatearea,aswellasacarshowandtheWatermelonOlympics.EarlyAugust.
Address:
108W3rdSt,Hope,Arkansas71801Phone:
(870)7773640
OysterFestival(牡蛎节)
Featuringappearancesfromtallshipsandoysterboats,thisfestivalhasregularlydrawn60,000visitorsayearsinceitbeganin1978.Morethan3,000volunteers(志愿者)makethefestivalpossibleeachyear.NorwalkislessthanatwohourdrivefrommanyofNewEngland'slargercities,makingiteasytoattendthefestivalduringatriptoNewYorkorHartford.WeekendafterLaborDay.
Address:
SeaviewAve,Veteran'sPark,EastNorwalk,Connecticut06855Phone:
(800)8667925
文章大意:
本文主要介绍了国外四种节日起源的时间,不同的庆祝方式、时间和地点。
56.Whichofthefollowingfestivalshasthelongesthistory?
A.OysterFestival.
B.HopeWatermelonFestival.
C.BratDays.
D.TomatoFestival.
答案:
B 对比归纳题。
从文中可以得到各个节日的起源时间为:
OysterFestival1978年;HopeWatermelonFestival20世纪20年代;BratDays1953年;TomatoFestival2005年.故B项的历史最长。
57.Theunderlinedword“parched”inthethirdpassagemeans________.
A.tiredB.hungry
C.thirstyD.excited
答案:
C 猜测词义题。
西瓜最好的特性是“甘甜解渴”。
故反推得C。
58.Inwhichofthefollowingactivitiescanyouenjoythefrighteningfilms?
A.TheCreatureFeature
B.TheWatermelonOlympics
C.TheEatingbratwurstContest
D.DanceCompetitions
答案:
A 细节理解题。
只有TomatoFestival中的第二句提到,其中的theCreatureFeature里放oldhorriblemovies“旧的恐怖电影”。
59.IfitisAugust15todaythisyear,youmightstillattend____.
A.BratDaysB.OysterFestival
C.HopeWatermelonFestivalD.TomatoFestival
答案:
D 推理判断题。
几个节日的日期只有TomatoFestival是在8月的第三个星期,在8月15日之后。
(201*·浙江卷)A
OneeveninginFebruary2007.astudentnamedPaulaCeelybroughthercartoastoponaremoteinWales.Shegotouttoopenametalgatethatblockedherpath.That'swhensheheardthewhistlesoundedbythedriverofatrain.HerRenaultClioparkedacrossarailwayline.Secondlater,shewatchedthetraindraghercaralmostakilometredowntherailwaytracks.
Ceely'snearmissmadethenewsbecausesheblameditonherGPSdevice(导航仪).Shehadneverdriventheroutebefore.Itwasdarkandrainingheavily.CeelywasrelyingonherGPS.Butitmadenomentionofthecrossing."Iputmycompletetrustinthedeviceanditledmerightintothepathofaspeedingtrain,"shetoldtheBBC.
Whoistoblamehere?
RickStevenson,whotellsCeely'sstoryinhisbookWhenMachinesFailUS,fingeratthelimitationsoftechnology.Weputourfaithindigitaldevices,hesays,
butourdigitalhelpersaretoooftennotuptothejob.Theyarefilledwithsmallproblems.Andit’snotjustGPSdevices:
Stevensontakesusonatourofdigitaldisastersinvolvingeverythingfromm
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 高考 英语 阅读 理解 精英 训练 答案