机械制造专业外文翻译机械设计理论.docx
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机械制造专业外文翻译机械设计理论.docx
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机械制造专业外文翻译机械设计理论
外文原文:
Mechanicaldesigntheory
Themechanicaldesignisaapplicationtechnicalsciencethroughdesignthenewproductorimprovestheoldproducttomeetthehumanneed.Itinvolvesalldomainoftheprojecttechnology,mainlyresearchsizeoftheproduct,basicideaoftheshapeandthedetailedstructure,alsoresearchquestionofmanufacture,saleanduseoftheproductinallaspects.
Theyusuallycalleddesignerormechanicaldesignengineerwhocarriesoneachkindofmechanicaldesignwork.Themechanicaldesignisacreativework.Designengineernotonlyhavethecreativityinthework,butalsohavethedeepelementaryknowledgeonmechanicaldrawing,kinematics,engineeringmaterial,materialsmechanicsandmachinemanufacturetechnology.
Assaysabove,thegoalofmechanicaldesignistheproductioncanmeetthehumanneed.Theinvention,thediscoveryandtechnicalknowledgeitselfcertainlynotnecessarilycanbringtheadvantagetothehumanity,onlywhentheyareappliedontheproductcanproducethebenefit.Thus,weshouldrealizewhetherpeopledoneedthiskindofproductbeforecarryonthedesigninaspecificproduct.
Themechanicaldesignmustregardasagoodopportunityforthemechanicaldesignertousecreativeabilitycarriesonproductdesign,thesystematicanalysisandformulatemanufacturetechnologyoftheproduct.Graspingtheprojectelementaryknowledgeismoreimportantthanmemorizingsomedataandtheformula.Merelyusingthedataandtheformulaisinsufficienttocompletelydecidealldecisioninagooddesign.Ontheotherhand,theyshouldcarryonalloperationsprecisely.Forexample,evenifplaceadecimalpointinwrongposition,alsocanturnthecorrectdesigntowrong.
Newdesignscanhavemanyflawsandproblemsunexpected,onlytheseflawsandthequestionhavebeensolved,cannewproduct’ssuperioritybemanifested.Therefore,asuperiorproductbornfollowedahigherriskatthesametime.Whatshouldemphasizeisthatifdesignsitselfdoesnotrequesttousethebrand-newmethod,itisnotnecessarytousethenewmethodmerelyforthegoalfortransformation.
Inthepreliminarystageofdesign,shouldallowdesignerfullytodisplaythecreativity,notrestrainttoeachkindofrestraint.Evenifhavemanyimpracticalideasinearlytime,theycanalsobecorrectedbeforeplanblueprint.Onlyinthiswaycannotstoptheinnovation.Usually,mustproposeseveralsetsofdesignproposals,andthenperformthecomparison.Itispossiblethatsomeideashavebeenusedinthefinalplanwhichisnotacceptedbefore.
Thepsychologistfrequentlydiscussesthecausesofhowcouldpeopleadapttomachinewhichoperate.Adesigner’spersonnel'sbasicresponsibilityisdiligentlycausesthemachinetoadaptthepeople.Thiscertainlyisnotaneasywork,becausethemostsuperioroperatingareaandtheoperatingprocesstoalldonotexistinfact.
Anotherimportantquestion,projectengineermustbeabletocarryontheexchangetheconsultationwithotherconcernedpersonnel.Intheinitialstage,designerhastoexchangewithadministratoronthepreliminarydesign,andbeapproved.Thisisgenerallythroughtheoraldiscussion,withschematicdiagramandthewritingmaterial.Inordertocarryontheeffectiveexchange,needstosolvethefollowingproblem:
(1)Whetherproductdesignedistrulyneededforthepeople?
(2)Whetherthisproducthascompetitiveabilitycomparewithothercompany’sexistingsimilarproducts?
(3)Whetherthiskindofproductiseconomical?
(4)Whetherthisproduct’sserviceconvenient?
(5)Whetherthisproductsalewell?
Whethercangain?
Onlytimebeabletoproducethecorrectanswertoabovequestion.But,theproductdesign,themanufactureandthesaleonlycancontinueonfoundationoftheabovequestionpreliminaryanswered.Projectengineeralsoshouldconsulttogetherwiththebranchofmanufactureforthefinallydesignproposalthroughthedetaildrawingandtheassemblydrawing.
Usually,canhavesomeprobleminthemanufactureprocess.Possiblycanrequesttosomecomponentssizeorthecommondifferencemakessomechanges,causesthecomponentstheproductiontochangeeasily.But,intheprojectchangemusthavetopassthroughdesignsthepersonneltoauthorize,guaranteedcannotdamagetheproductthefunction.Sometimes,wheninfrontofproductassemblyorinthepackingforeignshipmentexperimentonlythendiscoversinthedesignsomekindofflaw.Theseinstancesexactlyshowedthedesignisadynamicprocess.Alwayshasabettermethodtocompletethedesignwork,designsthepersonneltobesupposedunceasinglydiligently,andseeksthisbettermethod.
Recentyear,theengineeringmaterialchoicealreadyappearedimportantly.Inaddition,thechoiceprocessshouldbetothematerialcontinuouslytheunceasingagainappraisalprocess.Thenewmaterialunceasinglyappears,butsomeoriginalmaterialscanobtainthequantitypossiblycanreduce.Theenvironmentalpollution,materialrecyclingaspectandsoonuse,worker'shealthandsecurityfrequentlycanattachthenewlimitingconditiontothechoiceofmaterial.Inordertoreducetheweightorsavestheenergy,possiblycanrequesttheusedifferentmaterial.Comesfromdomesticandinternationalcompetition,toproductservicemaintenanceconveniencerequestenhancementandcustomer'saspecttheandsoonfeedbackpressure,canurgethepeopletocarryontothematerialreappraises.Becausethematerialdoesnotselectwhencreatedtheproductresponsibilitylawsuit,hasalreadyhadtheprofoundinfluence.Inaddition,thematerialandbetweenthematerialprocessinginterdependenceisalreadyknownbythepeopleclearly.Therefore,inordertocanandguaranteesthequalityinthereasonablecostunderthepremisetoobtainsatisfactiontheresult,projectengineermakesengineersalltohaveearnestlycarefullytochoose,thedeterminationandtheusematerial.
Makesanyproductthefirststepofworkallisdesigns.Designsusuallymaydivideintoseveralexplicitstages:
(a)preliminarydesign;(b)functionaldesign;(c)productiondesign.Inthepreliminarydesignstage,thedesigneremphaticallyconsideredtheproductshouldhavefunction.Usuallymustconceiveandconsiderseveralplans,thendecidedthiskindofthoughtiswhetherfeasible;Ifisfeasible,thenshouldmakesthefurtherimprovementtoorseveralplans.Inthisstage,thequestionwhichonlymustconsideraboutthechoiceofmaterialis:
Whetherhastheperformancetoconformtotherequestmaterialtobepossibletosupplythechoice;Ifno,whetherhasabiggerassuranceallpermitsinthecostandthetimeinthelimitdevelopsonekindofnewmaterial.
Inthefunctionaldesignandtheengineeringdesignstage,needstomakeapracticalfeasibledesign.Mustdrawupthequitecompleteblueprintinthisstage,choosesanddetermineseachkindofcomponentsthematerial.Usuallymustmaketheprototypeortheworkingmodel,andcarriesontheexperimenttoit,theappraisalproductfunction,thereliability,theoutwardappearanceandtheservicemaintenanceandsoon.Althoughthiskindofexperimentpossiblycanindicate,entersintheproducttotheproductionbaseinfrontof,shouldreplacecertainmaterials,but,absolutelycannotthispointtakenotearnestlychoosesthematerialtheexcuse.Shouldunifytheproductthefunction,earnestlycarefullyconsiderstheproducttheoutwardappearance,thecostandthereliability.Hastheachievementverymuchthecompanywhenmanufactureallprototypes,selectsthematerialshouldthematerialwhichuseswithitsproductioninbesame,andusesthesimilarmanufacturetechnologyasfaraspossible.Likethishastheadvantageverymuchtothecompany.Thefunctioncompleteprototypeifcannotactaccordingtotheanticipatedsalesvolumeeconomicallytomake,orisprototypicalandtheofficialproductioninstallmenthasinthequalityandthereliableaspectisverygreatlydifferent,thenthiskindofprototypedoesnothavethegreatvalue.Projectengineerisbestcancompletelycompletethematerialinthisstagetheanalysis,thechoiceandthedeterminationwork,butisnotremainsittotheproductiondesignstagedoes.Because,iscarriesonintheproductiondesignstagematerialreplacementbyotherpeople,thesepeopleareinferiortoprojectengineertotheproductallfunctionsunderstanding.
Intheproductiondesignstage,isshouldcompletelydeterminewiththematerialrelatedmainquestionthematerial,causesthemtoadaptwiththeexistingequipment,canusetheexistingequipmenteconomicallytocarryontheprocessing,moreoverthematerialquantitycanquitebeeasytoguaranteethesupply.
Inthemanufactureprocess,inevitablycanappeartousesthematerialtomakesomechangesthesituation.Theexperienceindicatedthat,mayusecertaincheapmaterialstotakethesubstitute.However,inthemajoritysituation,inwillcarryontheproductionlatertochangethematerialtohaveintostartbeforetheproductiontochangethepricewhichthematerialwillspendtohavetobehigherthan.Completesthechoiceofmaterialworkinthedesignstage,mayavoidthemostsuchsituations.Startedaftertheproductionmanufacturetoappearhasbeenpossibletosupplytheusethenewmaterialisreplacesthematerialthemostcommonreason.Certainly,thesenewmaterialspossiblyreducethecost,theimprovementproductperformance.But,mustcarryontheearnestappraisaltothenewmaterial,guaranteesitsallperformancealltoanswerthepurpose.Mustrememberthat,thenewmaterialperformanceandthereliableveryfewpicturesmaterialsonhandsuchunderstoodforthepeople.Themajorityofproductsexpirationandtheproductaccidentcausedby
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