unit 2 notes.docx
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unit 2 notes.docx
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unit2notes
Unit2WhyMyGreat-uncleGaveUptheMinistry
Brainstorming(forself-study)
1.Expressionsfordescribinggeneralimpressionsofaperson:
Positiveexpressions:
polite,smart,cute,nice,agoodleader,well-educated,entle,charming,wiseman
Negativeexpressions:
clumsy,forgetful,rude,careless,stupid,afollower,(somebody)havingmoreagethanexperience,wiseguy(ofsomeonewhopretendstobesmart,butactuallybehavesfoolishly;cf.wiseman)
Neutralexpressions:
funny(Whenusedinanneutralway,thewordmeansthatsomeone'sbehaviourislaughable;buttheexpressioncanbeslightlynegativewhenitmeansthatsomeone'sbehaviourisstrange,abnormal,asinthesaying:
funnyha-haorfunnypeculiar?
Thissayingisusedwhensomeonesayssomebodyisfunny.)sensitive,forgetful
2.Expressionsfordescribingsomeone'semotionalchanges:
Changesforthebetter:
calm,cool,cheerup,feelbetter,besympatheticwith
Changesfortheworse:
getpanicky,feelnervous,havebutterfliesinthestomach,getirritated/angry,becomeanxious,wear/haveaquestioningexpression,behorrified,feelguilty,beembarrassed
3.Expressionsofbehaviour:
Sillybehaviour:
playthefool(e.g.tomakepeoplelaugh),makeafoolofoneself(unintentional),beuptonogood/mischief(intentionally,usuallyinsecret),mess/foolaround(wastingone'stime,behavingfoolishly),behavebadly,getintotrouble
Goodbehaviour:
begood/beasgoodasgold(ofchildren,behavingverywell),setagoodexample,turnoveranewleaf,behaveoneself
Neutralbehaviour:
behave,conductoneself(behaveinaparticularway,suchexpressionsareusuallyusedwithotherqualifyingexpressions,e.g.conductoneselfresponsibly;behaveverywell)
4.Expressionsforsocialpositionsortitles:
headmaster,doctor,nurse,director,supervisor,headofdepartment(HOD),chairman/chairwoman,professor,coach,president
5.Expressionsforcommentingonpersonalities:
can'tstand,(can't)putupwith,Ittakesallsorts(tomakeaworld).Toerrishuman,toforgiveisdivine.(someone'ssillybehaviour)almostbringsdownthehouse,arousehilariouslaughter,bedisgustedat/with
修辞拓展隐喻(metaphor)
Ametaphor,likeasimile,alsomakesacomparisonbetweentwounlikeelements,butunlikeasimile,thiscomparisonisimpliedratherthanstated.Ametaphorisinasenseacondensedsimile,differingfromthelatteronlyinformandartistry.Let'scompare:
[Metaphor(隐喻)和明喻一样,也是两个不同事物之间的比较,但它有别于明喻,这种比较是隐含的,非陈述的。
隐喻是一种浓缩的明喻,只是形式和表现手法不一样。
]
Let'scompare:
Jimwasascunningasafox.(simile)
Jimwasafox.(metaphor)
Theworldislikeastage.(simile)
Theworldisastage.(metaphor)
Let'slookatmoreexamples:
1.Theywantedtogetintothefunbeforethewholethingturnedbellyup.
[analysis]Fordescription,adeadfishwhichwouldbebellyupimpliestheendofthething.Intranslation,theimpliedrhetoricalmeaningisgiveninsteadoftheliterarymeaningoftheoriginal.
(作者为了描述的目的,用死鱼肚皮向上,形象地隐喻战争的结束。
译文写下了隐喻的寓意、没有直译原文的字面意义。
)
2.MaloneaccusedBryanofcallingforadueltothedeathbetweenscienceandreligion....ThenthecourtbrokeintoastormofapplausethatpassedthatforBryan.Thecrowdseemedtofeelthattheirchampionhadnotscorchedtheinfidelswiththehotbreathofhisoratoryasheshouldhave.------JohnScopes
[analysis]Thewriteusesthewords"duel"and"storm"and"scorched"tomeanmetaphorically"thedeadstrugglebetweenscienceandreligion",theidealisticsupportofthemassandtheunreasonableresentmentofthemagainstreasonableideas.
(作者以隐喻方式使用了原文中的"决斗","暴风雨"和"烧焦"字样,比喻科学与宗教间的殊死博斗、群众对布赖恩的唯心的支持以及他们不可理喻的愤恨真理的情绪。
)
明喻例句
3.Hiseyescameoutofhisheadlikeaprawn's,andoncemorehismoustachefoamedupagainsthisbreakwaterofanose.-----byMr.Woodhouse
4.Ofallthearts,tragedyistheproudest,themosttriumphant;foritbuildsitsshiningcitadelintheverycenteroftheenemy'scountry,ontheverysummitofhishighestmountain;fromitsimpregnablewatch-towers,hiscampsandarsenals,hiscolumnsandfortsareallrevealed.------BertrandRussell
5.Knowledgebegantoincreaseassoonasthethoughtsofoneindividualcouldbecommunicatedtoanotherbymeansofspeech.Thenknowledgebegantobeaccumulatedaccordingtoasystematicplan.Thetricklebecameastream;thestreamhasnowbecomeatorrent.-----byG.N.M.Tyrell
6.Thehallwaywaszebra-stripedwithdarknessandmoonlight.---KurtVonnegutJr.
关于动物的隐喻
animal,beast,brute指的是某人行为举止令人厌恶,常常是由于此人行为疯狂激烈所引起animal也可以用来谈论与感觉本能力量有关,而与性格,智力无关的人的肉体属性Thelabourerwasamanufacturinganimal(干活的动物),perceivedasasourceofprofit.
aparticularkindofanimal该项活动的行家
beast用来以亲切友好的方式来称呼某人,通常指男孩或男人
whereisRichard,thelittlebeast?
Iknowhewasagrumpylittlebeast,butIlovedhim.beastly粗鲁地,恶劣地
Theweatherisbeastly.
brutebruteforce/strength单纯的体力或暴力
preyonepersonispreytoanother一个人很容易受到另一人伤害或利用
onepersonfallspreytoanother
lonelysecretatiesfellpreytothecharmsofhisagents.
tobepreytoaunpleasantfeeling因为……而闷闷不乐
HewaspreytogrowingdespairDomesticanimals
petpetproject指人们感兴趣,给予比任何别的项目更多时间和精力的项目
Hepausebeforereturningtohispettheory
pethate指对某事非常憎恨
Ican'tthinkofanypethatesexpectgameshow.称呼喜爱的人
it'salrightpet,letmedoit.
dog质量很差的物品,
thefilmmustbearealdog
dogeatdog形容社会竞争激烈
bedoggedbysomethingunpleasant干扰,受影响
dogged顽固的
bitch泼妇感到不舒服,不快;
Itwasabitchofawinterthatyear
说坏话onebitchesaboutanotherperson
houndhoundanother恐吓某人以取得利益
houndsomeoneoutofposition给某人制造麻烦以让他离职
catfatcat懒惰,贪婪的人
catty恶毒,令人讨厌,背后说坏话的人
kitten性感,乐于调情的女人kittenish
pigwhatapigyouare!
你真是个混蛋
topigoneself/pigout大吃大喝,尤其吃不健康食品
pig-headed固执,即使有错也不改
sheep形容人云亦云,盲目跟从的人
sheepish因为自己做错事或不诚实而显得有点尴尬或惭愧
Hereturned,lookingsheepish
lamb形容所喜欢的人以及温和,好心,不麻烦的人
Notesforreference
WhyMyGreat-uncleGaveUptheMinistry
ministrydutiesor(periodof)serviceofaministerofreligion牧师的职责;牧师的服务:
enter/gointo/takeuptheministry,ietraintobecomeaministerofreligion做[从事/担任]牧师工作
concern:
tobeaboutsth关于
Thestoryconcernstheprince'seffortstorescuePamina.◆
Onemajordifferencebetweenthesecomputersconcernsthewayinwhichtheystoreinformation
areportthatconcernsdrugabuse关於滥用毒品的报告.
jolly /ˈdʒɔlɪ;ˋdʒɑlɪ/adj(-ier,-iest)happyandcheerful愉快的;快乐的:
ajollyperson,manner,laugh愉快的人﹑态度﹑笑声.
baptist /ˈbæptɪst;ˋbæptɪst/n,adj(member)ofaProtestantChurchthatbelievesinbaptismbyimmersionatanagewhenapersonisoldenoughtounderstandwhattheceremonymeans浸礼会的;浸礼会教徒.
kindly1 /ˈkaɪndlɪ;ˋkaɪndlɪ/adj[usuattrib通常作定语](-ier,-iest)
kindorfriendlyincharacter,mannerorappearance亲切的;和蔼的;友好的;仁慈的;慈爱的:
akindlyman,voice,smile慈祥的人﹑声音﹑微笑
pastoral /ˈpɑːstərəl;USˈpæs-;ˋpæstərəl/adjoforrelatingtoaclergymanorhiswork(espthespiritualguidancehegivestohiscongregation)牧师的,牧师工作的(尤指对会众心灵上的指引):
pastoralcare,duties,responsibilities,etc牧师对会众的关顾﹑职责﹑责任等.
inadvertent /ˏɪnədˈvɜːtənt;ˏɪnədˋvətnt/adj
donewithoutthinkingornotdeliberately漫不经心的,非故意的,无意的:
aninadvertentslip,omission,etc不经意的失误﹑遗漏等.
inadvertentlyadvbyaccident;unintentionally偶然地;非故意地;无意地:
Sheinadvertentlytelephonedthewrongperson.她无意中打错了电话。
chihuahua /tʃɪˈwɑːwə;UStʃɪˈwɑːwɑː;tʃɪˋwɑwɑ/ntypeofverysmallsmooth-haireddog,originallyfromMexico奇瓦瓦狗(毛光滑的小狗,产自墨西哥).
devastate /ˈdevəsteɪt;ˋdɛvəsˏtet/v
(a)completelydestroy(sth);ruin彻底毁坏(某事物);毁灭;摧毁:
ahousedevastatedbyabomb被炸弹炸毁的房子*
Wardevastatedthecountry.战争摧毁了这个国家.
(b)(infml口)shock(sb);overwhelm令(某人)震惊;使(某人)难以承受:
Shewasdevastatedbyhisdeath.她因他去世而悲痛欲绝.*
Iwasdevastatedbythenewsofthecrash.我获悉失事的消息感到十分震惊。
search /sɜːtʃ;sətʃ/v
[I,Ipr,Ip,Tn,Tn.pr]~(sb/sth)(forsb/sth);examineorgoover(athingorplace)carefullyinordertofindsb/sth搜寻某人[某物];搜索:
*search(thewoods)forescapedprisoners搜查(树林)寻找逃犯*
search(through)thedrawersforthemissingpapers翻遍抽屉寻找遗失的文件*
Thepolicesearchedherfordrugs.警察搜查她,看她身上是否有毒品.*(fig比喻)
underneath /ˏʌndəˈniːθ;ˏʌndɚˋniθ/prepbeneath(sth);below在(某物)的底下或下面:
Thecoinrolledunderneaththepiano.硬币滚到钢琴下面去了.*
Shefoundalotofdustunderneaththecarpet.她发觉地毯下面有许多尘土.*
WhatdoesaScotsmanwearunderneathhiskilt?
苏格兰男子在短裙下面穿着什麽?
*
Slip~sth(tosb)putsthsomewhere,oftenquietlyorsecretly
将某物放在某处(常指悄悄地或偷偷地):
slipanenvelopeintoone'spocket把信封悄悄塞进口袋*
Islippedafewjokesintothespeech.我在讲话中巧妙地加了几句笑话.*
Slipthewaiteratip.悄悄给服务员一点小费.*
Itriedtoslipthenotetohimwhiletheteacherwasn'tlooking.我想趁老师不注意时把条子偷偷递给他.
bringoneselfto鼓起勇气;下决心
overnight/ˈəuvənaɪt;ˋovɚˋnaɪt/adj1duringorforthenight晚上的;夜里的:
anovernightjourney夜间旅行*
anovernightbag装过夜用品的旅行袋*
anovernightstopinRome在罗马停留一夜.
resolve v(fml文)
及物动词vt.决心,决定[+to-v][+(that)]
Sheresolved(that)shewouldneverspeaktohimagain.她决心不再和他说话。
WeresolvedtovisitEuropeatleastonceayear.我们决定至少每年访问欧洲一次。
不及物动词vi.决心,决定[(+on)]
Heresolvedongoingabroadtostudy.他决定到海外留学。
unburden ~oneself/sth(ofsth)(tosb)(fmlfig文,比喻)
relieve(oneself,one'smind,etc)ofworry,etc,egbytalkingaboutone'stroublestoafriend解除(自己﹑内心等)的烦恼等(如向友人诉说苦衷):
unburdenone'sheart,conscience,etc解除心灵上﹑良心上...的负担*
unburdenoneselfofasecret说出秘密以放下压在心头的包袱.
pitcher1 /ˈpɪtʃə(r);ˋpɪtʃɚ/n
(a)(espBrit)large(usuearthenware)containerforliquids,withoneortwohandlesandalipforpouring(单柄或双柄,带嘴的,通常为陶制的)大罐,大壶.
(b)(US)jug罐.
workon/[workonsb/sth]phrv
tospendtimeworkinginorder
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