精选地质实习报告.docx

精选地质实习报告.docx

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精选地质实习报告

精选地质实习报告

　　目录

　　前言..................................................................................................................................................3

　　一、要求...........................................................................................................................3

　　二、自然地理概况...........................................................................................................3

　　三、实习概况...................................................................................................................4

　　第一章地层....................................................................................................................................6

　　第一节概述.............................................................................................................................6

　　第二节志留系.........................................................................................................................6

　　一、高家边组（O3S1g）...................................................................................................6

　　二、坟头组（S1f）...........................................................................................................6

　　三、茅山组（S2m）..............................................................................................................7

　　第三节泥盆系.........................................................................................................................8

　　一、五通群（D3C1w）...........................................................................................................8

　　第四节石炭系.........................................................................................................................9

　　一、金陵组（C1j）...........................................................................................................9

　　二、高骊山组（C1g）......................................................................................................10

　　三、和州组（C1-2h）........................................................................................................10

　　四、老虎洞组（C1-2l）....................................................................................................11

　　五、黄龙组（C2h）..........................................................................................................11

　　六、船山组（C2-P1c）.......................................................................................................11

　　第五节二叠系.......................................................................................................................12

　　一、栖霞组......................................................................................................12

　　二、孤峰组........................................................................................................13

　　三、龙潭组......................................................................................................13

　　四、大隆组........................................................................................................13

　　第六节三叠系.......................................................................................................................14

　　一、青龙组........................................................................................................14

　　二、黄马青组（T2h）.......................................................................................................15

　　第七节新近系.......................................................................................................................16

　　一、雨花台组..................................................................................................16

　　二、方山组.......................................................................................................16

　　第二章岩石..................................................................................................................................16

　　第一节沉积岩与沉积构造...................................................................................................17

　　一、沉积岩.....................................................................................................................17

　　二、沉积构造.................................................................................................................19

　　第二节侵入岩.......................................................................................................................21

　　一、花岗岩.....................................................................................................................21

　　二、闪长玢岩.................................................................................................................21

　　第三节火山岩与火山碎屑岩...............................................................................................21

　　一、火山岩.....................................................................................................................21

　　二、火山碎屑岩.............................................................................................................22

　　第三章地质构造...........................................................................................................................23

　　第一节褶皱构造...................................................................................................................24

　　一、孔山背斜（獐龙山）...............................................................................................24

　　二、陡山向斜...............................................................................................................24

　　第二节断裂构造...................................................................................................................25

　　一、大石碑正断层.........................................................................................................25

　　三、陡山地垒构造.........................................................................................................26

　　四、虎丘正断层.............................................................................................................27

　　第四章水文地质、岩溶地质及矿产资源...................................................................................28

　　第一节水文地质与工程地质...............................................................................................28

　　一、泉.............................................................................................................................28

　　第二节岩溶地质...................................................................................................................28

　　一、汤山猿人洞.............................................................................................................28

　　第三节非金属矿产资源.......................................................................................................29

　　一、石灰岩矿...............................................................................................................29

　　二、白云石矿...............................................................................................................29

　　三、粘土矿...................................................................................................................29

　　四、燃料矿产...............................................................................................................29

　　五、路基石料.................................................................................................................30

　　第四节外力地质作用...........................................................................................................31

　　第一节风化剥蚀作用...................................................................................................31

　　第二节生物机械作用...................................................................................................31

　　第五章南京湖山地质发展简史...................................................................................................31

　　第一节南京湖山地区志留纪－三叠纪地质发展史...........................................................31

　　第二节南京六合方山火山活动史.......................................................................................33

　　第六章实习区旅游资源评价.....................................................................................................34

　　第一节地学资源...................................................................................................................34

　　一、火山地貌.................................................................................................................34

　　二、玄武岩柱状节理.....................................................................................................34

　　第二节人文资源...................................................................................................................34

　　一、大石碑.....................................................................................................................34

　　结语................................................................................................................................................35

　　一、本次实习的感想与收获.................................................................................................35

　　二、对某些现象的不同认识.................................................................................................36

　　参考文献........................................................................................................................................36

　　前言

　　一、实习目的及要求

　　普通地质认识实习是以获得对主要地质现象的感性认识，加深对普通地质学理论知识的理解，掌握野外地质工作的基本方法与技能，根据地质现象进行地质思考、编写地质实习报告的基本方法，为后继课程打下良好的地质基础为目标的地质启蒙教学实践。

普地实习要解决实践问题，培养观察、识别、判断、分析的能力，以及准确运用地质概念的能力；掌握地质工作基本方法与技能；提高综合分析、归纳、叙述写作能力。

　　进行普地实习需要通过野外观察，培养实践能力，认识矿物岩石、化石、地层、地质构造，学会地形图的使用、地质工具的使用、空间点方位的确定、地质体产状的确定、地质现象的记录、地质图件的绘制、地质标本的采集。

　　野外地质实习具有很强的实践性，学生在实践过程中认真、主动地观察地质现象，勤于思考，完成教师布置的各项作业，才能对地质学的基本概念、基本知识和基本技能的掌握。

因此，要求做到“四勤”，腿勤、手勤、嘴勤、脑勤。

　　二、自然地理概况

　　1、南京湖山

　　南京湖山地区位于南京东部，隶属南京市江宁区汤山镇，因湖山村而冠称，距南京中山门约21km，可由沪宁高速公路或宁杭公路直达。

其大致包括宁杭公路以北，前新村－湖山村－培墅村一线以南，汤山－龙潭