最新高考英语 阅读理解训练经典题目含答案.docx
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最新高考英语 阅读理解训练经典题目含答案.docx
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最新高考英语阅读理解训练经典题目含答案
最新高考英语阅读理解训练经典题目(含答案)
一、高中英语阅读理解
1.阅读理解
EngineersinUpstateNewYorkhaveinventedafoldedpaperdevicethatlookslikeadecoratedartproject.Butdon'tbefooled.Thisisactuallyapaper-basedbattery.No,itdoesn'tlooklikeanyofthosemetalbatteriesrunningflashlightsorsmartphones.Inthesesystems,thebatterycanbeprintedonapage.Thebattery'spowerconsistsoflivingbacteria.
Paperelectronicsaresimpletomakeandinexpensive,notesstudyleaderSeokheunChoi,anengineeratBinghamtonUniversity.Theyneednoelectricaloutlettorecharge.Theyjustneedmorebacteria,whichcanbefoundeverywhere—includingdirtywater.
"Mostbatteriesusechemicalstogenerateelectricity.Substitutingbacteriacanbeanadvantage,"Choisays."Theyarecheapandself-repairing."Whatpaper-basedbatterieswon'tdoisgeneratemuchpower.Theydo,howevercreateenoughtorunsmalldevicesinfarawayordangerousplaces—suchasabattlefield.Theymightalsofinduseinmedicine.Forinstance,theymightpowertinysensors,suchasthetypesusedtomeasurebloodsugar.
Thisinventionisbasedonanobservationmademorethanacenturyago—thatmicrobes(微生物)produceelectricityastheydigestfood.Scientistsrefertothebio-batteriesbasedonthisprincipleasmicrobialfuelcells.Afuelcellgenerateselectricitylikearegularbattery.Butaregularbatterystopsproducingelectricitywhenitsinnerchemicalreactionsstop.Afuelcellusesfuelthatcanberefilled.Inthiscase,bacteriaserveasthefuel.Byrefillingmoremicrobes,asneeded,scientistscankeepthesefuelcellsrunning.
Labtestshaveshownthatthenewbatterycanproduceacurrent.Now,Choiandhisteamarelookingatwaystoincreasethepower.They'restudyingdifferentshapesandmaterialsfortheanodeandcathode(正负极).They'realsolookingforthebestwaystocombinebatteriesformorepower.Thebeautyofthepaperdevicesisthatyoucansimplyfoldthemtoconnectthem.Andtheysurelywillbeatrendinthenearfuture.
(1)Whatmakesthepaper-basedbatteriesdifferentfromotherbatteries?
A. Theyaremainlyusedtorunsmartphones.
B. Theyusebacteriatogenerateelectricity.
C. Theyareusedtodecoratesmalldevices.
D. Theytakeamuchshortertimetorecharge.
(2)Whatcanthepaper-basedbatteriesdo?
A. Powertinydevices.
B. Lowerbloodsugarlevels.
C. Producemuchelectricity.
D. Changechemicalsinthepaper.
(3)Whatisthefourthparagraphmainlyabout?
A. Theapplicationofthenewbattery. B. Thecharacteristicsofthepaperbatteries.
C. Theintentiontoinventthedevice. D. Theworkingprincipleoftheinvention.
(4)Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsthedevelopmentofthepaper-basedbatteries?
A.Defensive.
B.Optimistic.
C.Doubtful.
D.Ambiguous.
【答案】
(1)B
(2)A
(3)D
(4)B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了纸基电池的原理,这种电池可以通过微生物进行充电,同时,该电池也可以运用在医学方面,如测试血糖等。
研发团队则在寻找能使该电池储存更多电量的方法。
该电池最大的优势是可以随时随地折叠起来带走。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第二段中的"Theyneednoelectricaloutlettorecharge.Theyjustneedmorebacteria,whichcanbefoundeverywhere—includingdirtywater."这种电池是不需要外接发电设备进行充电的,只需要细菌就可以充电了,这是该电池与传统电池的不同之处。
故选B。
(2)考查细节理解。
根据第三段中的"Whatpaper-basedbatterieswon'tdoisgeneratemuchpower.Theydo,howevercreateenoughtorunsmalldevicesinfarawayordangerousplaces"纸基电池不会储存很多的电量,但这些电量还是能远程支持一些小型设备或运用在一些危险的地方,A项符合题意,故选A。
(3)考查主旨大意。
根据第四段中的"Thisinventionisbasedonanobservationmademorethanacenturyago—thatmicrobes(微生物)produceelectricityastheydigestfood",这项发明是基于百年前的一项观察,即微生物在消化食物的时候会产生电量。
因此,科学家们"Scientistsrefertothebio-batteriesbasedonthisprincipleasmicrobialfuelcells"根据这一原理将生物电池成为微生物燃料电池。
由此可知,第四段介绍了生物电池的工作原理,故选D。
(4)考查推理判断。
根据最后一段中的"Thebeautyofthepaperdevicesisthatyoucansimplyfoldthemtoconnectthem"该电池的优点是,人们可以简单地通过折叠来连接它们。
作者用到beauty"优点"一词来说明该设备,说明作者对于该设备持一种积极的态度。
故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查,是一篇科普类阅读,要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,概括和归纳,从而选出正确答案。
2.假定你是李华,收到英国笔友George的邮件,请你介绍中国家庭聚会的情况(饮食、时间、活动等)。
请给他写一封邮件。
注意:
⒈词数100左右;
⒉可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
DearGeorge,
Yours,
LiHua
【答案】DearGeorge,
Knowingthatyou'reinterestedinwhatourChinesefamilygatheringsarelike,I'mgladtointroducesomeofmyexperiencewithyou.
WeChineseliketogettogetherwithourfamilyverymuch,especiallyonimportantdayssuchasfestivalsandbirthdays.Mostofthetime,webringgiftstotheeldersandthekids.Eatingisoneofthemostnecessarypartofthegathering,whichisusuallypreparedbyfamilymemberstogether.Notonlyisthevariousfooddeliciousbutthetimewespendmakingandenjoyingittogetherisenjoyable.Adultschattingandchildrenplayingaround,thisisthetypicalsceneofahappyfamilygathering.
Hopeonedayyoucancomeandexperiencebyyourself!
Yours,
LiHua
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇英文信件,要求考生以李华的身份给英国笔友George写一封邮件,介绍中国家庭聚会的情况(饮食、时间、活动等)。
考生要认真阅读提示,列出提纲和要点,并以此为基础充分发挥自己的想象力,灵活运用英语知识,采用不同的表达方式将各要点完整地表述出来。
写作时注意时态、语态的合理运用,主次分明,同时应选用合适的连接词或过渡词,适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
【点评】本书面表达要点齐全,上下文连贯,使用一定数量的句式结构,让句子更加生动丰满,同时运用了许多高级词汇和固定短语,提高文章的档次,体现了对英语的熟练的驾驭能力。
例如:
Knowingthatyou'reinterestedinwhatourChinesefamilygatheringsarelike,I'mgladtointroducesomeofmyexperiencewithyou.运用了现在分词作原因状语和宾语从句; Eatingisoneofthemostnecessarypartofthegathering,whichisusuallypreparedbyfamilymemberstogether.运用了非限制性定语从句;Notonlyisthevariousfooddeliciousbutthetimewespendmakingandenjoyingittogetherisenjoyable.运用了倒装句,并列句和限制性定语从句;Hopeonedayyoucancomeandexperiencebyyourself!
运用了祈使句和并列句。
3.阅读理解
Whenaratherdirty,poorlydressedpersonkneelsatyourfeetandputsouthishandstobegforafewcoins,doyouhurryon,notknowingwhattodo,ordoyoufeelsadandhurriedlyhandoversomemoney?
Whatshouldourattitudetobeggarsbe?
Therecanbenoquestionthattheworldisfullofterriblysadstories.Itmustbeterribletohavenoideawhereournextmealisgoingtocomefrom.Itseemscruelnottogivesomemoneytobeggars.
Certainly,mostoftheworld'sgreatreligions(宗教)orderustobeopen-heartedandsharewhatwehavewiththoselessfortunatethanourselves.Buthastheworldchanged?
Maybewhatwasmorally(道德方面)rightintheolddays,whenoneknewexactlywhointhevillagehadsufferedmisfortuneandneededhelp,isnolongerthebestidea.Quiteafewpeoplewillnotgivetobeggars.Letuslookattheirarguments.
First,somebelievethatmanycitybeggarsdressuponpurposetolookpitiableandactuallymakeagoodlivingfrombegging.Givingtobeggarsonlyencouragesthissortofevil(恶行).Secondly,thereistheworrythatthemoneyyougivewillbespentonbeer,wineordrugs.Thirdly,thereistheopinionthatthereisnorealexcuseforbegging.Onemightbepoor,butthatisnoreasonforlosingone'ssenseofprideandself-dependence.
Relatedtothisistheopinionthattheproblemshouldbedealtwithbythegovernmentratherthanordinarypeople.Somepeoplethinkbeggarsshouldgotothelocalgovernmentdepartmentandreceivehelp.
Itishardtocometoanyfinalconclusion;therearevariouscasesandwemustdealwiththemdifferently.Afewcoinscansavealifeinsomesituations,andevenifthemoneyiswasted,thatdoesnottakeawaythemoralgoodnessofthegiver.
(1)Whatismainlydiscussedinthepassage?
A. Moraldeedsofpeople.
B. Religiousactivitiesofthechurch.
C. Moralgoodnessofthegiver. D. Argumentsongivingtobeggars.
(2)Whatcanweinferfromthesentence"Buthastheworldchanged?
"inthesecondparagraph?
A. Peoplenolongerknowwhosuffersmisfortuneinthevillage.
B. Somepeoplewillnotdowhatwasmorallyrightinthepast.
C. Wedon'tmeetwiththosewhoneedhelpanymore.
D. Nowitisthegovernment'sdutytohelpthebeggars.
(3)WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassage?
A. Somepeopledressuptopretendtobebeggars.
B. Somebeggarswantmoneytohelptheirchildrengotoschool.
C. Somebeggarsusethemoneytobuydrugs.
D. Somebeggarshavenoexcuseforbegging.
(4)Inthelastparagraph,thewriterthinksthatitishardtocometoanyfinalconclusion,because______.
A. thecasescanbesodifferent B. therearesomanybeggars
C. thereissomuchmoneywasted D. therearesomanydifferentarguments
【答案】
(1)D
(2)B
(3)B
(4)A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文,论述了人们过去和现在对乞讨者不同观点及原因,告诉我们不同问题要区别对待。
(1)考查主旨大意。
纵观全文可知,本文论述了人们现在对乞讨者不同观点及原因。
列举了现在人们不给乞讨者钱的几种想法及帮助别人是美德,告诉我们不同问题要区别对待。
故选D。
(2)考查句义猜测。
上句说多数宗教都要求我们敞开心扉和不如自己幸运的人分享。
下句讲或许过去道德上认为是对的现在不再是最好的想法。
前后两句是转折,所以"Buthastheworldchanged?
"指情况发生了改变,人们的观念发生了改变,故选B。
(3)考查细节理解。
根据第三段中的“manycitybeggarsdressuponpurposetolookpitiableandactuallymakeagoodlivingfrombegging.themoney'yougivewillbespentonbeer,wineordrugs.和thereisnorealexcuseforbegging.”可知A、C、D都提到了,B没提到。
故选B。
(4)考查推理判断。
根据最后一段中的“Itishardtocometoanyfinalconclusion;therearevariouscasesandwemustdealwiththemdifferently.”可知由于不同情况要区别对待,所以很难做最后结论。
故选A.
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,句义猜测,推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查,是一篇社会现象类阅读,要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,概括和归纳,从而选出正确答案。
4.(2019•江苏)请认真阅读下列短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
Inthe1960s,whilestudyingthevolcanichistoryofYellowstoneNationalPark,BobChristiansenbecamepuzzledaboutsomethingthat,oddly,hadnottroubledanyonebefore:
hecouldn'tfindthepark'svolcano.IthadbeenknownforalongtimethatYellowstonewasvolcanicinnature—that'swhataccountedforallitshotspringsandothersteamyfeatures.ButChristiansencouldn'tfindtheYellowstonevolcanoanywhere.
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